甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微囊藻缓释剂的制备及性能

以微囊藻为吸附载体、卡波树脂为包衣剂,研制了甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐农药缓释剂,对微囊藻组成及形貌进行了表征,研究了微囊藻对甲维盐的吸附动力学和制剂的释放动力学. 结果表明,微囊藻的平均粒径为3.5 mm,表面存在大量的微孔和功能性基团,说明其具有很好的吸附作用;30℃下在1:1(j)乙醇水溶液中微囊藻对甲维盐的最大吸附量为70.78 mg/g,平均每个微囊藻吸附1.1×109个甲维盐分子;在3:7(j)乙醇水溶液中不含成膜剂的甲维盐-微囊藻缓释颗粒在24和72 h时的累积释放率分别为52.9%和65.3%,说明微囊藻具有对甲维盐的缓释应用前景.     

蓝藻为载体的阿维菌素抗紫外缓释剂的制备及其性能

以滇池蓝藻为载体,利用其抗紫外特性,用卡波姆树脂包裹蓝藻-阿维菌素(Avermectin, Av)粉,制成阿维菌素抗紫外缓释剂,利用FT-IR, SEM和HPLC等对蓝藻和缓释剂进行表征,研究其吸附与释放行为. 结果表明,Av在异丙醇中的饱和吸附量为160.81 mg/g,包裹10%卡波姆树脂的抗紫外缓释剂具有很好的缓释功能,在乙醇/水(4:1, j)中释放20 d,累计释放率为51.8%,释放机制是Fick扩散和骨架溶蚀的双重机制. 经4 h紫外光照射,含蓝藻的制剂中Av残留量为61%,不含蓝藻的制剂中Av残留量为39%.     

以微囊藻为载体制备戊唑醇缓释剂

利用天然藻为载体,采用喷雾干燥的方法得到了微囊藻的微球,在其表面吸附杀菌剂戊唑醇,加入适量成膜剂制备新型环保的农药缓释剂型。对藻的吸附能力及其在特定溶剂的释放行为进行分析表明：该载体藻类具有较高的吸附能力,吸附量最大可达到18000mg/kg;缓释剂型有较好的缓释效果,最长可达200h,最终释放量为80%。该方法既经济又环保,具有较好的应用前景。     

AB-8树脂吸附和分离玫瑰红色素

研究了 AB- 8等树脂吸附和分离玫瑰红色素的方法。试验结果表明 :AB- 8树脂对玫瑰红色素的吸附效果最好 ,被吸附的玫瑰红色素用 80 %乙醇洗脱 ,流速为 0 .33m L/ min。AB- 8树脂非常稳定 ,使用 1 8次后 ,其吸附能力仅降低 1 %左右     

茶皂素提取条件的优化及纯化研究

以油茶茶籽粕为原料，采用乙醇水溶液提取茶皂素。在茶籽粉和乙醇料液比1 : 9(g : mL)，乙醇体积分数60%，提取温度60 ℃和提取时间3 h的最佳条件下茶皂素的提取得率达14.9%。用NKA-9型大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化茶皂素粗品，树脂静态吸附与解吸结果表明：树脂静态吸附茶皂素粗提液0.5 h基本饱和，体积分数80%乙醇解吸率为91.1%；动态吸附与解吸时，上样流速8 mL/min较佳，吸附率为66.04%，体积分数80%乙醇洗脱，洗脱流速5.0 mL/min，洗脱体积50 mL时，可使流出液中茶皂素质量浓度在1.25~1.57 g/L之间，茶皂素纯度为95%。     

八角莲中黄酮类化合物的分离纯化工艺研究

研究了八角莲中黄酮类化合物的分离纯化工艺。考察各种因素对树脂吸附和洗脱效果的影响,确定了AB-8型大孔树脂分离纯化八角莲中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺参数。最佳工艺参数为:静态吸附,树脂与样液比为1:20 g/m L、吸附时间为3 h,静态解吸过程解吸液(乙醇)体积分数为70%、树脂与解吸液的比例为1∶50 g/m L;动态吸附中动态流速为0.5 m L/min、静置时间为80 min,动态解吸中洗脱液(乙醇)的体积分数为60%、树脂与洗脱液的比例为1∶40 g/m L。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总皂苷的工艺研究

研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总皂苷的工艺条件.番石榴叶用70%乙醇回流提取后,上D101型大孔树脂,水洗后分别用30%,50%,70%乙醇洗脱,以番石榴叶总皂苷的洗脱率为指标,考察大孔树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总皂苷的吸附性能和洗脱参数.番石榴叶总皂苷主要富集于30%、50%乙醇洗脱液部分,大孔吸附树脂的吸附容量为17.53 mg·g-1,洗脱率达70.42%,而50%乙醇洗脱时总皂苷纯度可达55.68%,优选洗脱条件为用水洗去水溶性杂质,50%乙醇洗脱总皂苷.     

正交实验优化离子交换树脂静态吸附盐酸育亨宾的工艺研究

分别用732型阳离子交换树脂与717阴离子交换树脂对盐酸育亨宾进行静态吸附与解吸,研究乙醇浓度、吸附温度、pH值对盐酸育亨宾吸附、解吸的影响。结果表明,732型阳离子交换树脂对盐酸育亨宾具有较好的吸附、解吸能力,最佳吸附条件为:乙醇浓度40%,温度40℃,pH=7,吸附量1 132.785 4μg/g;最佳解吸条件为:解吸温度30℃,乙醇浓度70%,pH=1,解吸量718.239 8μg/g,解吸率为89.49%。     

大孔吸附树脂对绞股蓝黄酮类化合物的精制工艺研究

研究了DM-130型大孔吸附树脂对绞股蓝黄酮类化合物的吸附性能.结果表明最佳富集精制条件为：浸出液的pH值为4.00,浸出液与树脂的液固质量比为15：1,过柱流速为0.5 mL/min,洗脱剂为70%的乙醇水溶液,洗脱剂与树脂的液固质量比为7：1,黄酮得率为3.75%,提取率可达89.8%.     

荷叶总生物碱的提取与纯化研究

用乙醇提取荷叶中总生物碱,用大孔吸附树脂进行纯化。探讨了提取剂、温度、时间、提取次数等因素对提取率的影响。实验表明,最佳提取条件为:以90%乙醇为提取剂,在90℃下,按料液比为1∶15和1∶10各提取1次,每次2 h,提取率为94.6%,得率为23.83 mg/20 g。D106大孔吸附树脂分离,乙醇洗脱(流速1~2 mL/m in),纯度达93.12%以上。     

Application of polysaccharide hydrogels in adsorption and controlled‐extended release of fertilizers processes

This article studied the applicability of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose (PAAm‐MC) hydrogels as potential delivery vehicle for the controlled‐extended release of ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ and potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄) fertilizers. PAAm‐MC hydrogels with different acrylamide (AAm) and MC concentrations were prepared by a free radical polymerization method. The adsorption and desorption kinetics of fertilizers were determined using conductivity measurements based on previously built analytical curve. The addition of MC in the PAAm chains increased the quantities of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and KH₂PO₄ loaded and extended the time and quantities of fertilizers released. Coherently, both loading and releasing processes were strongly influenced by hydrophilic properties of hydrogels (AAm/MC mass proportion). The best sorption (124.0 mg KH₂PO₄/g hydrogel and 58.0 mg (NH₄)₂SO₄/g hydrogel) and desorption (54.9 mg KH₂PO₄/g hydrogel and 49.5 mg (NH₄)₂SO₄/g hydrogel) properties were observed for 6.0% AAm–1.0% MC hydrogels (AAm/MC mass proportion equal 6), indicating that these hydrogels are potentially viable to be used in controlled‐extended release of fertilizers systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Composite polymeric microsponge-based long-acting gel formulation for topical delivery of mupirocin

Topical delivery of medicaments in a controlled manner is still a promising area of research. Drug-containing dammar gum-ethyl cellulose composite microsponge loaded gel formulation (D-MSPG) was developed for controlled topical delivery of mupirocin. The drug-loaded microsponges (D-MSPs) were formulated by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and were evaluated for morphology, particle size distribution, entrapment efficiency, thermal properties, and crystallinity. The optimized D-MSPs (entrapment efficiency 91.5 ± 4.0% and particle size of 55.15 ± 2.9 μm) were dispersed in carbopol 934 gel (D-MSPG). The final product was characterized for pH, viscosity, texture, spreadability, consistency, syneresis, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo skin penetration study. A comparative study with marketed formulation was performed. For optimized gel formulation (G4), drug content was 104.19 ± 1.68%, and drug release was 84.19% after 24 h. The pH of the optimized gel was observed to be 6.05 ± 0.04. Viscosity of the optimized gel formulation was found to be 1212.15 ± 434.85 mPa-s at 50 s⁻¹. The steady-state flux (J) in ex vivo skin permeation was observed to be 53.96 μg cm⁻² h⁻¹ and the permeability coefficient was 2.69 cm/h for the optimized gel formulation. According to the findings, the D-MSPG-based formulation strategy can act well to prolong the topical delivery of mupirocin or similar drug molecules.     

温敏印迹硅胶微球对薯蓣皂素的吸附及控制释放

研究分子印迹聚合物对特定药物的吸附及控制释放具有重要理论和应用价值。本文以硅胶为载体,先对其进行硅烷化修饰,再以薯蓣皂素为模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸（MAA）和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAm）为共同功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EGDMA）为交联剂、偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,通过表面接枝分子印迹聚合物制备了薯蓣皂素温敏印迹硅胶微球。用傅里叶红外光谱及扫描电镜对聚合物表面化学基团及颗粒形貌进行表征。测试了分子印迹硅胶微球的载药性及在不同环境条件下的药物释放行为。结果表明,温敏印迹硅胶微球对薯蓣皂素具有良好吸附性能,其饱和吸附量为21.6mg/g,也具有较高的控制缓释性能。释放动力学表明,其在12h内控制薯蓣皂素释放率为81.9%,而非印迹硅胶微球不具备缓释性。环境条件对温敏印迹硅胶微球的控制释放具有重要影响。当温度为30℃、溶剂为甲醇、NaCl离子强度为1.5×10^-4mol/L时,印迹微球具有最高释放率,达99.28%。     

Synthesis of mesoporous carbon and its adsorption property to biomolecules

Mesoporous carbon (MC) with high surface area and large pore volume was synthesized using mesophase pitch as a carbon precursor and nanosized MgO as an additive. The maximum surface area, largest pore volume and highest mesoporous ratio of as-prepared MC were up to 1400 m²/g, 2.8 cm³/g and 89%, respectively. The mesoporous structures (3–40 nm) of MC were directly observed under SEM and TEM. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of MC to vitamin B₁₂ (VB), chicken egg white albumin (CEWA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were proportional to the mesopore volume and average pore size. MC (PM4-OC) exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity to the typical biomolecules, 486, 140 and 176 mg/g for VB, CEWA and BSA, respectively. In contrast, Maxsorbs (commercial activated carbons) with a surprising surface area gave a very low adsorption to such biomolecules. The research indicates that MC may be potential in the selective adsorption and separation of biomolecules, based on a molecule sieve effect.     

啶虫脒/木质素两性表面活性剂/膨润土缓释剂的制备及性能

以木质素两性表面活性剂二甲基-正丁基-磺化木质素基氯化铵(DBSLAC)为改性剂,钠基膨润土为原料,制备了DBSLAC改性膨润土(L-Bt)。以啶虫脒为药物释放的对象、改性膨润土作为释放的主要载体,利用浸渍负载的方法制备了啶虫脒缓释剂,对制备条件进行了优化,并研究其缓释性能。通过FT-IR表征了样品结构,采用XRD分析了晶体层间距。结果表明:DBSLAC已成功插入膨润土层间,使其层间距增大。啶虫脒缓释剂制备最佳工艺条件为改性膨润土为L-1.2Bt、投加量0.02g、负载时间6h、啶虫脒初始质量浓度500mg/L、溶液pH值6,制得的缓释剂的最大负载量为333mg/g。通过水溶缓释实验探究了药水比例和温度对载药L-1.2Bt的累积释药率的影响,结果表明,累计释药率随水的比例的增加、温度的升高而逐渐上升,最后趋于稳定。     

活性炭对维生素B_3和维生素C吸附与缓释行为研究

研究活性炭吸附维生素B3和维生素C以及在模拟体内环境中的释放过程。探讨了活性炭孔结构对吸附维生素B3和维生素C的影响,并对活性炭缓释维生素B3过程进行了数学模拟,初步探讨了吸附和释放机制。实验所用活性炭对维生素B3有较强吸附能力,吸附量达到了94.9 mg/g,对维生素C的吸附量仅38.5 mg/g。采用活性炭对维生素B3有良好的缓释性能,其整个释放过程符合药物体外释放一级动力学模型为Q=38.25-36.90 e-0.049 24t。所用活性炭适于作为缓释维生素B3的载体,而由于维生素C的不稳定性,不适宜使用活性炭缓释。     

预氧化处理对大同烟煤压块活性炭性能的影响

选用大同烟煤和高温煤沥青为原料 ,采用压块成型法制造煤质颗粒活性炭 .当制备过程的其他工艺条件相同时 ,氧化预处理可使最终活性炭制品的水容量、碘吸附值、亚甲蓝吸附值和四氯化碳吸附率分别提高 2 7%～ 34% ,1 34mg/g,86mg/g～ 96mg/g和 9%～ 1 3.5 % (绝对算术差值 ) ;当控制最终制品的性能为水容量 1 0 6%～ 1 1 9% ,碘吸附值 >1 0 5 0 mg/g,亚甲蓝吸附值 >2 2 5mg/g,四氯化碳吸附率 67%～ 75 %时 ,氧化预处理可使活化工序的产品得率提高 1 0 %以上 .不论对制品的吸附性能还是对产品的收率 ,氧化预处理都是绝对有利的 .