基于深度相机的移动机器人视觉跟踪控制研究

基于视觉利用移动机器人进行运动目标跟踪,该文提出一种基于二自由度云台和RGB-D相机的运动目标视觉跟踪及移动机器人路径实时规划、跟踪方法。该方法利用核相关滤波算法在图像中实时追踪目标,控制二自由度云台使深度相机实时对准目标,并根据深度相机得到目标的深度信息,利用坐标转换得到目标相对于机器人的位置信息;其后移动机器人根据目标的位置信息,基于五次多项式进行路径规划;最后采用李雅普诺夫控制律对移动机器人进行轨迹跟踪控制,使得机器人能够平稳地跟踪目标运动。该算法在阿克曼移动机器人上进行了实验,实验结果验证了算法的有效性和实时性。     

一种基于Multi-Egocentric视频运动轨迹重建的多目标跟踪算法

Egocentric视频具有目标运动剧烈、遮挡频繁、目标尺度差异明显及视角时变性强的特点，给目标跟踪任务造成了极大的困难。本文从重建不同视角Egocentric视频中各目标的运动轨迹出发，提出一种基于Multi-Egocentric视频运动轨迹重建的多目标跟踪算法，该方法基于多视角同步帧之间的单应性约束解决目标遮挡和丢失问题，然后根据多视角目标空间位置约束关系通过轨迹重建进一步优化目标定位，并采用卡尔曼滤波构建目标运动模型优化目标运动轨迹，在BJMOT、EPLF-campus4数据集上的对比实验验证了本文算法在解决Multi-Egocentric视频多目标跟踪轨迹不连续问题的有效性。     

传感器网络下机动目标动态协同跟踪算法

对传感器网络下的机动目标跟踪问题提出一种分布式传感器节点动态分簇、协同跟踪算法. 通过在线优化目标跟踪的性能函数和通讯代价, 自适应地选择节点并动态分簇, 通过多传感器节点的协同感知以及信息融合提高了跟踪精度. 由于问题的非线性和传感器节点的随机性, 本文基于粒子滤波器在线预测和估计目标状态的概率分布, 使用混合高斯粒子滤波器以及选择最短路径用于传感器节点之间的信息交换节约了通讯能量, 通过一种有效的粒子方法逼近目标状态的预测方差以实现传感器节点的最优选择. 仿真结果表明, 与 IDSQ 算法相比较, 本文提出的动态分簇算法实现了对机动目标的高精度跟踪.     

基于加权最小二乘的多基地声呐定位算法研究

研究水下监视目标跟踪声呐定位精度问题,改善双基地声呐在某些区域(如基线区、发射和接收站的侧边区)定位性能,为了提高系统定位精度,最有效的方法就是增加发射和接收站的数量,形成多基地声呐.根据多基地声呐的几何关系,提出了加权最小二乘估计的多基地声呐定位优化算法,结合定位误差的表达式,对定位性能进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,基于加权最小二乘估计的多基地声呐定位优化算法,能够充分利用各基站的测量信息,有效提高声呐系统的定位精度.与基于距离信息的多基地声呐定位算法相比,算法不仅具有较高的定位精度,而且可以有效解地解决边区定位误差较大的问题.     

物流中心高层货架拣选作业的路径优化

为满足拣选作业调度优化的要求, 针对拣选式高层货架仓库中拣选作业路径优化问题的特点, 利用人工鱼群算法对其数学模型进行求解. 通过对基于时间最短和基于路径最短的两种模型的特点进行分析, 提出可利用路径最短的目标条件对多个的拣选时间最优解来进行再次筛选来达到进一步优化, 并通过算例进行验证. 仿真结果不但验证了人工鱼群算法在优化拣选路径问题上的有效性, 也证明了在拣选时间最优解基础上进行最短路径筛选的可行性.     

基于递归算法的最短跳数路径的RSS测距算法

多跳无线传感网络中的多类应用均需要准确的定位算法.为了降低定位成本,常采用基于接收信号强度(RSS,received signal strength)测距,为此,提出基于递归算法的最短跳数路径的RSS测距算法RFSPR(recursive function shortest path-based ranging).RFSPR算法首先利用递归函数搜索源节点与目的节点间所有具有最短跳数的路径,然后通过RSS测量这些最短路径的距离,最终将所有最短路径距离的平均值作为源节点与目的节点间距离的估计值.最后,将RFSPR算法与现存的同类算法进行了对比分析.实验结果表明RFSPR算法具有更低的测距误差.     

基于A*算法的三维地图最优路径规划

研究了基于A*算法的适合人步行行走的山地环境下三维地图最优路径规划算法及实现.本文考虑了三维山地无路网信息覆盖的条件较差环境,对A*算法进行改进,并利用三维地形DEM数据计算出一条相对平缓且长度较短的三维路径.改进算法对三维条件下路径最短的评价标准由原有的空间距离累加最短改进为先将空间等效成水平距离,再计算距离是否最短.同时,本文充分考虑了搜索点周围环境的整体坡度信息作为启发信息,来降低算法寻找的路径走在陡坡上的概率.实验表明,本算法最终计算出的三维最优路径在平缓度及路径最短上有所改善,基本符合人步行行走的习惯.     

基于超宽带定位的四旋翼目标跟踪技术研究

针对无人机室内地面目标跟踪问题,论文提出了一种基于超宽带室内定位技术的跟踪方法.首先建立了四旋翼和地面机动目标的动力学模型.然后,通过超宽带定位技术得到目标的量测信息.其次,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波估计目标的状态信息达到减少跟踪误差的目的,并且基于解算的信息提出了人工势场法作为四旋翼的路径规划算法.最后利用反步法控制策略解决...     

基于全景视觉的监控系统设计

设计了一个基于全景视觉的多摄像机监控网络。全景相机视野广,可以实现大范围的目标检测与跟踪。云台摄像机视角具有一定的自由度,可以捕捉目标的高分辨率图像。将全景相机与云台相机相互配合,通过多传感器的数据融合,分层次的跟踪算法及多相机调度算法,实现了大范围的多个运动目标的检测与跟踪,并能捕获目标的清晰图像。实验验证了该系统的有效性和合理性。     

基于最短路径树的优化生存时间路由算法

为提高无线传感网的生存时间,提出基于最短路径树的优化生存时间路由算法(LORA_SPT).该算法引入节点分类概念,构造基于链路能耗因子、自身节点剩余能量因子、邻居节点剩余能量因子和类型权重因子等多个因子的权值函数.针对不同类型的节点采用不同的权重因子,最后利用dijkstra算法完成最短路径树,所有节点沿着最短路径树将...     

Multi-Camera Piecewise Planar Object Tracking with Mutual Information

Real-time and robust tracking of 3D objects based on a 3D model with multiple cameras is still an unsolved problem albeit relevant in many practical and industrial applications. Major problems are caused by appearance changes of the object. We present a template-based tracking algorithm for piecewise planar objects. It is robust against changes in the appearance of the object (occlusion, illumination variation, specularities). The version we propose supports multiple cameras. The method consists in minimizing the error between the observed images of the object and the warped images of the planes. We use the mutual information as registration function combined with an inverse composition approach for reducing the computational costs and get a near-real-time algorithm. We discuss different hypotheses that can be made for the optimization algorithm.     

基于视频的三维人体运动跟踪系统的设计与实现

在优化粒子滤波跟踪框架下,设计并实现了一个结合多种图像特征、在多摄像机环境下跟踪人体运动的三维人体运动跟踪系统.通过定义三维人体模型、摄像机模型以及观测似然模型,得到跟踪所需目标函数,并使用优化粒子滤波算法进行求解.实验结果表明,该系统能够对人体运动进行准确的跟踪和三维重建,可应用于体育运动分析和动画制作等领域.     

基于模糊逻辑的多相机非重叠场景的物体匹配

An approach based on fuzzy logic for matching both articulated and non-articulated objects across multiple non-overlapping field of views (FoVs) from multiple cameras is proposed. We call it fuzzy logic matching algorithm (FLMA). The approach uses the information of object motion, shape and camera topology for matching objects across camera views. The motion and shape information of targets are obtained by tracking them using a combination of ConDensation and CAMShift tracking algorithms. The information of camera topology is obtained and used by calculating the projective transformation of each view with the common ground plane. The algorithm is suitable for tracking non-rigid objects with both linear and non-linear motion. We show videos of tracking objects across multiple cameras based on FLMA. From our experiments, the system is able to correctly match the targets across views with a high accuracy.     

监控系统中的多摄像机协同

描述了一个用于室内场合对多个目标进行跟踪的分布式监控系统.该系统由多个廉价的固定镜头的摄像机构成,具有多个摄像机处理模块和一个中央模块用于协调摄像机间的跟踪任务.由于每个运动目标有可能被多个摄像机同时跟踪,因此如何选择最合适的摄像机对某一目标跟踪,特别是在系统资源紧张时,成为一个问题.提出的新算法能根据目标与摄像机之间的距离并考虑到遮挡的情况,把目标分配给相应的摄像机,因此在遮挡出现时,系统能把遮挡的目标分配给能看见目标并距离最近的那个摄像机.实验表明该系统能协调好多个摄像机进行目标跟踪,并处理好遮挡问题.     

M2Tracker: A Multi-View Approach to Segmenting and Tracking People in a Cluttered Scene

When occlusion is minimal, a single camera is generally sufficient to detect and track objects. However, when the density of objects is high, the resulting occlusion and lack of visibility suggests the use of multiple cameras and collaboration between them so that an object is detected using information available from all the cameras in the scene.In this paper, we present a system that is capable of segmenting, detecting and tracking multiple people in a cluttered scene using multiple synchronized surveillance cameras located far from each other. The system is fully automatic, and takes decisions about object detection and tracking using evidence collected from many pairs of cameras. Innovations that help us tackle the problem include a region-based stereo algorithm capable of finding 3D points inside an object knowing only the projections of the object (as a whole) in two views, a segmentation algorithm using bayesian classification and the use of occlusion analysis to combine evidence from different camera pairs.The system has been tested using different densities of people in the scene. This helps us determine the number of cameras required for a particular density of people. Experiments have also been conducted to verify and quantify the efficacy of the occlusion analysis scheme.     

Reliability-based camera handoff for cooperative tracking with multiple pan-tilt cameras

We present a new handoff method for multiple pan-tilt cameras for mobile robot tracking in an indoor environment. Camera handoff is an important step to consistently maintain the visibility of a mobile robot with maximized object tracking accuracy. First, we propose a method to estimate the position of a mobile robot using single pan-tilt camera. Then, the concept of position reliability is defined to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of position estimation and tracking ability of individual pan-tilt cameras. Position reliability is used to decide when to trigger handoff and who to response handoff in the proposed handoff algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that four pan-tilt cameras can systematically track a mobile robot in an indoor environment using the proposed method.     

多线索融合的无视野重叠跨摄像机行人跟踪算法

针对单个摄像机视野有限而无法满足日益扩大的监控范围的现象,此文对无视野重叠的跨摄像机行人跟踪算法进行了研究,并提出了一种融合时空线索和外观线索的无视野重叠跨摄像机行人跟踪算法。文章在对已有摄像机网络拓扑结构估计算法分析的基础上提出了一种基于加权时间窗口的无视野重叠摄像机网络拓扑结构估计算法。然后利用朴素贝叶斯完成两种线索融合,实现不同摄像机间行人匹配和跟踪信息的传递,最终实现无视野重叠区域的跨摄像机行人跟踪。该算法在公开的MCT数据集上进行对比实验并取得了优于其它算法的结果。     

Marker-based human pose tracking using adaptive annealed particle swarm optimization with search space partitioning

Pose estimation and tracking of an articulated structure based on data from multiple cameras has seen numerous applications in recent years. In this paper, a marker-based human pose tracking algorithm from multi view video sequences is proposed. The purpose of the proposed algorithm is to present a low cost motion capture system that can be used as an alternative to high cost available commercial human motion capture systems. The problem is defined as the optimization of 45 parameters which define body pose model and is solved using a modified version of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The objective of this optimization is to maximize a fitness function which formulates how much the body model matches with 2D marker coordinates in video frames. A sampling covariance matrix is used in the first part of the velocity equation of PSO and is annealed with iterations. The sampling covariance matrix is computed adaptively, based on variance of parameters in the swarm. One of the concerns in this algorithm is the high number of parameters to define the model of body pose. To tackle this problem, we partition the optimization state space into six stages that exploit the hierarchical structure of the skeletal model. The first stage optimizes the six parameters that define the global orientation and position of the body. Other stages relate to optimization of right and left hand, right and left leg and head orientation. In the proposed partitioning method previously optimized parameters are allowed some variation in each step that is called soft partitioning. Experimental results on Pose Estimation and Action Recognition (PEAR) database indicate that the proposed algorithm achieves lower estimation error in tracking human motion compared with Annealed Particle Filter (APF) and Parametric Annealing (PA) methods.     

基于视频的三维人体运动跟踪

提出一种结合多种图像特征,在多摄像机环境下跟踪人体运动的方法．通过定义人体模型、摄像机投影模型以及相似性度量模型来得到优化框架下的目标函数,并使用牛顿-高斯优化算法对其进行求解．模拟数据和实际数据的实验表明,文中方法比仅仅使用灰度特征,跟踪结果得到了改善,对比实验结果也优于基于概率算法的退火粒子滤波．