2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇合成3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇

[目的]2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇是异戊二烯间接皂化法生产3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇过程中产生的副产物,废物回收再利用是节能减排的有效措施.[方法]2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇经氯化、酯化和皂化得到3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇.[结果]结果表明:在优化条件下,氯化反应的产率可达87.25％,酯化和皂化反应的产率可达84.53％.[结论]该方法是2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇再利用的有效方法.     

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚的合成及其副产物的研究

2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯酚与2-甲基丁烯醇在BF3OEt2的催化下进行傅-克烷基化反应合成2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-6-(3-甲基-2-烯-1-丁基)-1,4-苯酚。对鲜见文献报道的副产物2,2,5-三甲基-3-氢-6-羟基-7,8-二甲氧基-苯并吡喃进行了结构鉴定并推测了其形成机理,在原料辅酶Q0、甲基丁烯醇和BR的配比为1：1.5：0.19(摩尔比),反应温度45℃,滴加时间30min,反应时间2h的条件下收率达90.24％。     

3-乙基-2-羟基-2-环戊烯-1-酮的合成研究

以正丁酸乙酯和草酸二乙酯为主要原料,合成了香料化合物3-乙基-2-羟基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。首先由正丁酸乙酯和草酸二乙酯经Claisen缩合生成2-乙基-3-羰基-丁二酸乙酯,其与丙烯酸乙酯发生Michael加成,随后Dieckmann酯缩合得到5-乙基-3,5-二乙酯基-2-羟基-2-环戊烯-1-酮,然后经水解脱羧获得3-乙基-2-羟基-2-环戊烯-1-酮。初步考察并优化了各步反应的工艺条件,产品总收率达44.46%。     

E-4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛的合成研究

根据Kornblum反应,采用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)氧化E-1-乙酰氧基-4-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯(ACMB)合成E-4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛(AMBA)。在实验过程中,采用气相色谱跟踪,研究了反应时问、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对主副产物收率的影响并确定了较佳反应条件;反应时间24h,反应温度80℃,原料缓慢滴加,KH2PO4：K2HPO4：ACMB=0．14：1．27：1(摩尔比),催化剂用量与原料ACMB比为0．12：1(摩尔比)。同时,对从未报道过的副产物E-1-乙酰氧基-4-甲巯基-3-甲基-2-丁烯(AMMB)进行了结构鉴定,并推测了其形成机理。     

6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯氨基)-2,4-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的合成

本文通过还原2,6-二叔丁基-4-亚硝基苯酚得到2,6-二叔丁基-4-胺基苯酚,再与三聚氰氯反应,生成6-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯氨基)-2,4-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪。考察了溶剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和物料配比等对反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,产品收率稳定在89%。     

2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羰基-1-丁烯-1-基)-2-环己烯基-1-肟的合成研究

以环柠檬醛为原料,经过亚硝化、缩合两步反应得到2,4,4-三甲基-3-(3-羰基-1-丁烯-1-基)-2-环己烯基-1-肟,收率达65.1%。并分析了该反应中亚硝化的反应机理。     

10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物的合成

以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和丙酮为原料,合成10-(异丙基-2-醇)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物。考察了原料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,较优工艺条件为:n(丙酮)∶n(DOPO)=12∶1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30 min时,DOPO的转化率为99%,目标产物收率为90%。     

1-甲基-3-丙基-4-硝基吡唑-5-羧酸的合成研究

以1-甲基-3-丙基吡唑-5-甲酸为原料,采用二氯甲烷为溶剂,合成了1-甲基-3-丙基-4-硝基吡唑-5-羧酸。试验研究了影响反应收率的多种因素,确定了最佳工艺条件:搅拌转速600 r/min;反应温度70°C;反应时间5~6 h;硫酸的浓度为90%。     

4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛的合成方法

总结了维生素A的关键中间体4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛的合成方法，对各种合成方法的特点作了简要介绍，并且分析了主要合成方法的优缺点。     

1-氨基-4-羟基-蒽醌的合成新方法

以1-氨基-2-溴-4-羟基-蒽醌和乙二醇为原料,在碱作用下脱溴得到1-氨基-4-羟基-蒽醌,收率92．O％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。