用于气体传感器的声表面波振荡器频率稳定性分析

作为声表面波(SAW)气体传感器的关键元件,SAW振荡器的频率稳定性直接影响到传感器的灵敏度和检测下限.因此,提高SAW振荡器的频率稳定度是传感器研究的关键.这里在ST石英基片上研制了一种具有低插入损耗(在10dB以内)、单一模式控制的SAW双延迟线型振荡器,并分析了作为频控元件的延迟线Q值以及系统温度对振荡器频率稳定性的影响,提出了改善方法.另外还研究了高频SAW延迟线型振荡器的频率稳定性,研制了一种300MHz频段上的SAW双延迟线型振荡器,其频率稳定度达到了0.066×10-6量级.     

时域加窗技术改进无源无线SAW传感器测试研究

无源无线声表面波(SAW)传感器能工作在十分恶劣的环境中监控温度、应变、扭矩等因素的变化.利用无线测试传感器的群时延特性能方便地获得SAW传感器的谐振频率.但在一些复杂的环境中无线测试时会遇到环境反射的问题,此时测试的群时延曲线会产生畸变,不利于提取SAW传感器的谐振频率.利用测试群时延特性的方法搭建了测试系统,对测试结果使用了时域加窗技术.结果表明:时域加窗技术能够有效抑制环境反射对群时延的影响,这对于提高无源无线SAW传感器实际应用中的信噪比具有重要的意义.     

新型抗腐蚀结构声表面波湿度传感器的研究

为解决声表面波(SAW)湿度传感器存在易被污染、不易清洁、稳定性差等问题,提出了一种新的基于改进的单端口SAW谐振器结构用于湿度检测。在此结构中,在ITO材料制作的叉指换能器和反射阵上溅射厚度为5pm Si3N4层以屏蔽各种腐蚀性物质如酸性、碱性等腐蚀性气体对SAW谐振器电极的侵蚀。相比常规谐振器,新结构加大了谐振器叉指换能器与一个反射阵之间距用于涂敷湿敏材料,同时在石英基片背面布设ITO材料脱湿电路。给出了基于此类结构SAW湿度传感器的制作工艺、感湿实验测试结果。实验验证了该结构SAW湿度传感器的可清洁性、耐腐蚀性及该结构的有效性。     

声表面波气体传感器振荡电路设计

基于反馈振荡器的工作原理,采用对振荡电路的开环增益和相位进行检测和调节的方法,设计制作了用于声表面波(SAW)气体传感器的振荡电路。根据开环测量的结果,通过改变匹配电感值来使得0°相位在增益峰值附近,以获得稳定的振荡和提高振荡器可承受的最大传感器插损。在印制电路板(PCB)版图设计中,采用50Ω特性阻抗和保证最短RF回流电流路径等措施以实现稳定的振荡。基于上述方法,分别制作了频率为315,433.92 MHz的振荡电路。后者的噪声幅度在20 Hz以内,标准方差约为3.92。该实验结果表明:此设计方法具有快速、便捷、可靠的优点,设计的振荡电路具有较高的稳定性,可广泛用于SAW传感器设计。     

一种采用穴番-A敏感膜的新型声表面波瓦斯传感器的研究

本文利用笼形超分子材料穴番-A对甲烷分子的特异性包合作用,提出了一种能够在室温下工作的采用穴番-A敏感膜的新型声表面波瓦斯传感器。设计研制了中心频率为300 MHz的低损耗、高Q值SAW谐振器,并以所研制的谐振器构成双通道差分振荡器。分别以点涂法和旋涂法在传感通道SAW谐振器表面进行了敏感膜的镀膜。通过实验观察对比了采用两种镀膜方式的SAW瓦斯传感器在常温下对5%甲烷气体的响应。实验结果显示点涂镀膜的传感器响应约为1 kHz,远大于旋涂镀膜方式。AFM表面形貌表征显示了敏感膜表面粗糙度是造成这一差异的主要原因。实验还研究了传感器对不同浓度甲烷气体的响应,结果表明传感器响应随气体浓度降低而减小,两者存在良好的线性关系,测试灵敏度为205 Hz/%,检测下限约为0.2%。     

一种应用在人体传感器网络的低功耗VCO

人体通信作为人体传感器网络的一种新兴的通信方式,有着突出的优势与巨大的潜力.介绍了应用在人体通信无线收发器的压控振荡器(VCO)的设计与测试.该模块采用了四级双差分结构,采用SMIC 0.18 μm 1P6M工艺,核心面积仅为0.02 mm2.测试结果显示:在1.8V供电电压下,VCO调谐范围为30～130 MHz,在80 MHz输出频率下,1 MHz频偏处相位噪声为-98 dBc/Hz,最大功耗仅为1.27 mW,较好地满足了采用人体通信作为通信方式的人体传感器网络的要求.     

声表面波质量传感器

在128°Y切割X传播方向上的LiNbO3基片上设计并研制了新型声表面波(SAW)质量传感器.它将输入叉指换能器激发的SAW中心对称分成两路并由各自的输出叉指换能器检测输出.由于环境温度对SAW延迟线振荡器的振荡频率影响较大,传感器的输出不仅决定于质量沉积区所沉积的质量,还决定于测量时所处的环境温度.为此,在SAW质量传感器测量时,同时监测传感器的输入信息质量沉积区的质量和环境温度及其输出频率信息,采用多传感器信息融合技术进行融合处理,质量传感器的温度灵敏度分别从α s0.2=0.8007/℃,α s0.6=0.2488/℃提高到α' s0.2=1.71×10-2/℃,α‘ s0.6=3.28×10-3/℃.     

基于ELC谐振器的湿度传感器

LC谐振式湿度传感器因无源无线,可极大拓展传感器应用范围,已成为湿度传感器的研究热点之一.将超常媒质(metamaterials)应用在谐振器的结构选择上,解决了传统LC谐振式传感器尺寸过大,灵敏度较低的问题.湿度传感器由电耦合LC谐振器(ELC谐振器)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)敏感薄膜构成.首先利用电磁仿真软件,分析ELC谐振器主要结构参数对谐振特性的影响,设计和制作谐振频率为2.45 GHz的谐振器,品质因数达到302.然后通过滴涂法将制备好的感湿材料聚乙烯醇溶液涂敷在ELC谐振器表面制作湿度传感器,并进行了湿度敏感测试.实验结果显示:ELC谐振器在全频段内磁导率均为正,在频段2.19 GHz~2.98 GHz内介电常数为负,具有超常媒质特性;湿度传感器在相对湿度35% RH~88% RH范围内,谐振频率共偏移69.875 M,且在83%~88% RH湿度范围内感湿灵敏度η达到71.5 MHz/% RH.研究表明ELC谐振器因超常媒质特性实现了结构小型化,且由于品质因数较高改善了湿度灵敏度.     

含Pd纳米线SAW气体传感器氢敏特性分析

基于COMSOL Muhiphysics软件,建立了含Pd纳米线的声表面波(SAW)传感器三维模型,以YZ铌酸锂为压电基底,叉指电极固定于基底表面,分析了Pd纳米线长度对模型本征频率的影响.对电极施加20V电压得到了不同氢气体积分数下电极上电导纳值和本征频率偏移值.通过磁控溅射制作了Pd薄膜,设计了SAW传感器测试夹具,得到了传感器氢敏特性.将仿真值与实验值进行对比,得到了含Pd纳米线氢敏材料的SAW传感器具有比含面形Pd膜传感器更高的灵敏度.     

MEMS-SAW陀螺仪研究

采用耦合模(COM)理论对声表面波(SAW)谐振器进行数字模拟,并采用梅森(Mason)正交场模型对陀螺仪和传感器进行模拟设计,最后对SAW谐振器和SAW传感器进行实验评价.这种陀螺仪具有额外的能力,可以作为无线陀螺仪和集成在SAW加速度传感器上.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。