白炭黑填充橡胶在双螺杆挤出机中的连续混炼

白炭黑与炭黑一样,是橡胶胶料最重要的补强填料之一。在胶料中用白炭黑作为填料,可以带来使用炭黑所无法获得的动态材料性能。白炭黑的应用领域,是轮胎工业和工业橡胶制品所需要的橡胶胶料。改善的材料性能如降低的滚动阻力和极好的湿路面抓着性,对于高端技术用途是特别重要的。然而,未处理过的白炭黑粒子的特征是具有高填料-填料相互作用,容易因强烈的内部结合力而形成附聚体。与填料-填料相互作用相比,聚合物-填料相互作用小些,补强效应更低。     

用行星式滚筒挤出机连续混炼白炭黑填充胶料

橡胶制品生产过程中，胶料的混炼是第一步，也是最重要的一步。传统式混炼是在混炼腔中带有2个旋转转子的大容量密炼机中进行的，该技术基本保持不变已逾90年。从1914年取得密炼机发明专利以来，混炼技术方面主要是改变转子几何形状或轴间距等一些特殊改进。     

行星式辊筒式挤出机可连续混炼白炭黑填充胶料

在橡胶制品生产过程中，混炼工艺是第一步，也是最重要的一步。而传统式混炼是在混炼室中带有两个旋转转子的大容量密炼机中进行的，该技术基本保持不变已达90年。自从1914年获得密炼机发明专利以来，混炼技术方面主要是对转子几何形状或轴间距等进行一些特殊改进。     

在双螺杆挤出机上连续混炼粉末橡胶

对于双螺杆挤出机上开发连续混炼工艺来说重要的是选择最好的螺杆组件，在本项开发工作中对不同的分散混炼组件进行了比较。本文还图示了其它参数，诸如喂料速度，螺杆速度，口型处形成的压力等对混炼工艺的影响。在此开发粉末橡胶连续混炼工艺的目标所追求的是获得良好的填充剂分散度和低混炼温度，以防止橡胶混炼胶焦炉。     

用行星式螺杆挤出机连续混炼白炭黑填充胶料

研究了用行星式螺杆挤出机连续混炼的白炭黑填充胶料。研究用的原材料为乳聚SBR／白炭黑／硅烷／填料复合胶料,填料与硅烷在复合胶料的制备过程中充分反应,生成了完全硅烷化的白炭黑。由于行星式螺杆挤出机具有极强的冷却能力,所以,所有胶料组分,包括交联剂都可在同一个喂料段计量加入。未发现混炼胶有焦烧现象,连续混炼胶料的性能（如,填料分散和交联性能）以及硫化胶性能（如,拉伸强度和硬度）都与用密炼机混炼的胶料相当。连续混炼的能耗仅为密炼机混炼的1／3。     

ZSE—130GL同向双螺杆混炼挤出机在塑料改性中的应用

本文介绍塑料共混、填充用ZSE—130GL同向双螺杆混炼挤出机组及工作性能。设备具有共混、填充、排水、脱气、增强和造粒的功能,可为社会提供多品种多规格均质、精制的工程塑料、聚烯烃专用粒料。     

TEX双螺杆混炼挤出机的进展

日本制钢所制销售TEX新型双螺杆混炼挤出机已十年有余，用户对该机型的硬件和软件的要求也日趋严格，为了满足用户的要求，日本制钢所开发的双螺杆挤出机硬件和软件一直是领先的，本文根据在实验设备（TEX44和TEX65）及其他装备上取是的实验成果对关有软硬件技术的发展进行了阐述。     

用同向旋转双螺杆挤出机实验研究橡胶混炼工艺

橡胶胶料的传统生产方法是在密炼机中将高粘度聚合物与填料和防老剂、硫化剂等其他助剂以间歇的方式进行混炼。而在双螺杆挤出机的连续混炼过程中,填料的混入和分散,以及其他助剂的分布等混炼过程是沿挤出机轴向完成的。该文采用天然橡胶（NR）及乳聚丁苯橡胶（E-SBR）与炭黑和白炭黑的橡胶-填料复合材料（RFC）实验研究了多工艺参数,即螺杆结构、螺杆转速及生产速度对胶料和产品性能的影响。结果表明,用连续工艺混炼的胶料,其性能与不连续混炼胶料的相当。     

Scale-up rules for mixing in a non-intermeshing twin-screw extruder

Various scale-up rules and theories have been presented for extrusion, including both single- and twin-screw extruders. Until now, however, most of these theories have concerned fully-filled channels, not only for twin screw extruders of the co-rotating fully intermeshing type (COTSE) or non-intermeshing counter-rotating type (NITSE), but single screw extruders as well. As the demand for distributive mixing and devolatilization devices increases, more and more nonintermeshing twin screw extruders with regions of partially-filled channels are being used. Therefore, developing scale-up rules for such screw extruders is imperative. In this paper, scale-up rules are developed, theoretically and experimentally, by examining the relationship between distributive mixing and important flow parameters. Two partially-filled NITSE's, with screw diameters of 0.8 and 2 inches, have been studied by using a flow visualization technique entailing a dye tracer to study the effects of distributive mixing by varying such parameters as: percentage of drag flow, screw stagger, and screw velocity. Qualitative evaluation of the spread of the dye with the number of screw revolutions was obtained from videotape of the experiments. Factorial experimental design method has been applied for evaluating these results. Finally, new scale-up rules were developed and compared with rules in the literature.     

用同向双螺杆挤出机制备液体脱硫橡胶

采用双螺杆挤出机将废胶粉进行连续脱硫以制备溶胶含量较高的脱硫橡胶,脱硫橡胶可呈流体状态。影响脱硫效果的工艺因素主要有螺杆转速、机筒温度、废胶粉的粒径以及添加剂的用量。对脱硫橡胶进行了溶胶含量、门尼黏度、凝胶渗透色谱及差示扫描量热等的测试分析,结果表明,提高螺杆转速会降低橡胶的溶胶含量,升高机筒温度可以有效提高橡胶的溶胶含量,胶粉粒径越大制得的脱硫橡胶的溶胶含量越低,增加脱硫剂的用量可以提高橡胶的溶胶含量。通过温度、螺杆转速和添加剂用量的选择可以得到脱硫程度不同的脱硫橡胶。     

Entex行星式辊筒挤出机混炼白炭黑胎面胶

本文探讨行星式辊筒挤出机(PRE)上混炼用白炭黑的乘用车轮胎胎面配方,并与密炼机混炼进行了比较,PRE最适合执行胎面胶配方的所有要求,同时具有成本效益和高质量的优势.     

Polymer blend mixing and dispersion in the kneading section of a twin-screw extruder

This paper examines the mechanisms by which a polymer is dispersed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. An experimental investigation of the morphological evolution has been carried out on a 45-mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Polyethylene/polystyrene (PE/PS) blends in the low concentration range (i.e., 5–15 wt% of PE) were used as a model system. The following general trends were observed. First, the minor phase right after melting is predominantly in a fibrillar form. Secondly, droplet and fiber diameter at this early stage of compounding are already in the micron or sub-micron range. Even though a wide variety of mixing section configurations were used, the fibers created in the early compounding stages were relatively stable throughout extrusion. Morphological evolution after melting must therefore be discussed in terms of variation in the fiber fraction (i.e., fiber to droplet transition) rather than in a change in particle diameter. A control volume model for the flow in kneading blocks is used to interpret the morphological results and to predict the deformation and breakup of dispersed phase fibers under shear and in absence of coalescence. Theoretical results indicate that fiber breakup under shear is not likely in the kneading block under the normal processing conditions, which is confirmed by morphological observations made at the mixing section exit. The influence of several geometrical parameters on mixing and pumping in kneading blocks is also discussed with the use of flow model results.     

用双螺杆挤出机制备丁腈橡胶/尼龙12热塑性弹性体

采用双螺杆挤出机通过动态硫化法制备了丁腈橡胶/尼龙12热塑性弹性体,考察了双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速和机筒温度对所制备热塑性弹性体力学性能和微观形态的影响。结果表明,用双螺杆挤出机动态硫化制备的丁腈橡胶/尼龙12热塑性弹性体呈两相"海岛结构",即丁腈橡胶为分散相、尼龙12为连续相。随着挤出机螺杆转速的提高,弹性体的硬度、拉伸强度和扯断伸长率先增大后减小,撕裂强度和压缩永久变形逐渐降低;螺杆转速对弹性体耐油性能的影响不大;当螺杆转速增至400 r/min时,丁腈橡胶的粒径较小且分布均匀。随着双螺杆挤出机温度的升高,弹性体的硬度和拉伸强度逐渐增大,扯断伸长率、撕裂强度和压缩永久变形均先增大而后减小,耐油性能变差;温度升高使得丁腈橡胶难于在剪切作用下破碎,颗粒变大且分布不均。     

Effect of mixing sequence on the properties of carbon black and silica filled rubber

Abstract

The mixing sequence is of great importance when silane coupling agents are employed for improvement of reinforcement and tyre performances. Y-sequence mixing has the potential of making it possible to produce different compounds effectively by combining one silica master-batch with various carbon black masterbatches, provided that the compound's properties are not affected negatively compared to conventional mixing processes. We have, therefore, investigated the Y-sequence mixing in terms of various compound properties such as Mooney value, modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and visco-elasticity, and compared the results with those obtained using multistep sequence mixing and the all-in-one approach. The results have showed that the compound properties from the Y-sequence mixing weresimilar to thoseobtained by the multistep sequence,and superior to the all-in-one mixing sequence. It is thus concluded that the Y-sequence mixing has potential as a more economical alternative to currently employed mixing processes.     

纳米氧化锌在白炭黑填充的天然橡胶中的性能

用毛细管流变仪和门尼粘度计研究了纳米氧化锌在白炭黑填充的天然橡胶中的加工性能，研究了纳米氧化锌的用量对胶料硫化特性、耐热氧老化性能以及力学性能的影响，并与普通氧化锌和国外氧化锌进行比较。结果表明，相同用量情况下，纳米氧化锌的加入时胶料的加工性能无多大影响，焦烧时间和正硫化时间提前，硫化速度加快，力学性能也有提高。当纳米氧化锌用量减至3份时，其物理机械性能与普通氧化锌5份时相当，使用纳米氧化锌可以降低生产成本。     

The mastication characteristics of powdered carbon black filled natural rubber during internal mixing

Powdered carbon black filled natural rubber, P(NR/HAF), is a premixture of natural rubber and carbon black in powdered form with good carbon black dispersion throughout the rubber matrix. In this study, the mastication properties of P(NR/HAF) were observed under a wide temperature range (50–110°C) and rotor speed (30–100 rpm) range, using a mixing head attached to Brabender Plasticorder. It was found that P(NR/HAF) showed different mastication characteristic, compared to the traditional internal mastication theories of natural rubber; poor masticating properties of P(NR/HAF) are observed with low rotor speed and high temperature and a ‘‘stable zone’’ with middle rotor speed and lower temperature. The Mooney viscosity of rubber batch under different rotor speed and temperature was almost the same, and mastication properties were unsatisfactory. It was considered that the higher temperature build‐up of the mixing batch of P(NR/HAF) during the early stage of internal mixing results in the special mastication properties. A quadratic mastication model of P(NR/HAF), based on the multivariate regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis, was used to predict the mastication characters of P(NR/HAF) in internal mixer under varied temperature and rotor speed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

炭黑填充型粉末天然橡胶的密炼机塑炼特性研究

采用实验室微型密炼机（Brabender转矩流变仪）研究了炭黑填充型粉末天然橡胶[P（NR/HAF）]的密炼机塑炼/混炼性能,即塑炼时间、塑炼温度和转速等基本工艺参数对胶料门尼粘度的影响。与传统的块状天然橡胶/炭黑（NR/HAF）的密炼机混炼相比,P（NR/HAF）在密炼机混炼时具有较高的混炼温升和较快的升温速率,使得胶料在较高的温度下被塑炼,从而表现出与传统的NR/HAF不同的密炼机混炼特性,其最佳塑炼温度有所降低。通过逐步回归分析建立的“门尼粘度-塑炼条件”模型可以较好地拟合和预测不同塑炼条件下P（NR/HAF）密炼机塑炼后胶料的门尼粘度。     

橡胶连续混炼设备与技术

分析了间歇式混炼的优缺点，介绍了连续混炼发展的起因以及目前应用于连续混炼的设备和技术并展望了连续混炼的发展趋势。连续式混炼机混炼不需要进行周期性的加料和卸料，可以充分利用混炼机的混炼能力，但连续混炼设备是以粉状或颗粒状喂料为先决条件。