同轴场域SF_6/N_2混合气体电晕放电特性的仿真研究

采用SF6/N2混合气体绝缘介质的气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(GIL)作为电缆和架空线的有效补充,将在电力发展中起到重要作用。为更好地理解其放电特性,建立了同轴电场中流注电晕放电的二维流体模型,综合考虑了SF6/N2混合气体放电过程中空间光电离与阴极光发射作用,采用有限元-通量校正传输法(FEM-FCT)求解。仿真表明:流注电晕对空间电场有均匀作用,外施电压幅值低时流注电晕经过一段时间后会消失,幅值高时流注电晕容易发展为不稳定放电;SF6/N2混合气体起始放电时间较SF6气体迟,但绝缘性能较差;空间光电离作用强于阴极光发射的作用。     

低SF6含量混合气体电晕放电特性仿真研究

低SF6含量混合气体绝缘介质最有可能替代SF6气体应用于气体绝缘设备中。本研究采用有限元-通量校正传输(FEM-FCT)法求解低SF6含量的SF6/N2混合气体二维流注电晕放电的数学模型,考虑了空间电荷对场域的畸变作用,研究了SF6/N2混合气体二维流注电晕的放电特性,展示了流注电晕放电发展过程中间隙内部各种带电粒子浓度和空间电场的分布。仿真表明:棒-板间隙中空间光电离对流注电晕发展的影响强于阴极光发射;外施电压幅值小时,流注形成和发展速度较慢,流注电晕相对稳定。     

基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF_6/N_2混合气体流注放电数值仿真

利用粒子输运方程及耦合泊松方程,研究了短间隙中10%~90%SF_6/N_2混合气体在不同阶段的流注放电特性。针对流注头部粒子空间分布出现陡梯度问题,基于不均匀的三角元网格剖分,采用Euler-Taylor-Galerkin(ETG)格式对粒子连续性方程进行时间离散,利用通量校正传输法(FCT)对离散后的方程进行求解,可以明显提高计算准确度和减小数值扩散。基于以上算法,考虑电子与SF_6/N_2中性混合气体的电离、复合、吸附以及光电离等过程,对短间隙气体流注放电过程进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,初始场强的大小影响流注的发展,随着流注发展,流注头部空间电荷加剧了两极板间的电场畸变,间隙击穿时流注头部电子浓度达到10~(20)/m~3,最大空间场强达到114k V/cm;光电离对加速流注的形成和发展有很大的影响;仿真结果也验证了ETG-FCT法应用于气体放电研究的有效性。     

基于分形理论的SF_6/N_2混合气体放电仿真

为了研究SF_6/N_2混合气体电介质击穿现象,利用编写的Matlab程序对放电通道发展过程进行数值模拟,并结合分形几何原理计算放电树枝的分形维数。基于分形理论,建立了考虑空间电荷分布和引入物理时间的棒-板分形放电仿真模型,通过有限元方法(FEM)计算空间电场,并首次结合通量校正传输(FCT)法求解带电粒子连续性方程,研究了不同发展概率指数、不同放电阈值和SF_6含量变化下分形放电特性。结果表明:概率指数越大,SF_6含量越高,则分形维数越小,放电树枝分叉也越少;体积含量50%/50%的SF_6/N_2混合气体放电分形维数D=1.219 2,整个放电过程流注发展平均速度为1.15Mm/s,并得到了不同时刻空间电荷及轴向电场与电子浓度的分布。     

SF6/N2混合气体流注放电二维动力学模型的计算机仿真

使用流体连续方程对SF6/N2混合气体放电过程进行建模,并采用通量校正传输法(Flux-Corrected Transport,FCT)首次实现了低SF6含量的SF6/N2二维流体模型的求解。结果表明,SF6/N2放电过程可分为电子崩和流注两个阶段;正负电荷分离后使得间隙电场发生了畸变,并导致等离子体更快地向两极发展;光电离对负流注的形成与发展造成了很大的影响。     

SF_6/N_2混合气体电击穿特性仿真及实验

通过求解两项近似Boltzmann方程,得到SF_6/N_2的放电参数,并将该参数引入流体模型。结合有限元法和通量校正传输法对SF_6/N_2的流注放电过程进行循环迭代求解,计算其击穿电压。以均匀电场中压强0.1~0.6MPa、间隙5mm为例进行数值模拟,通过气体放电实验对计算结果进行验证。根据计算及实验结果得到不同混合比、压强下SF_6/N_2的协同效应系数,分析采用上述计算方法研究混合气体协同效应的准确性。为更全面地反映混合气体应用条件,进一步开展压强低于0.1MPa的SF_6/N_2击穿特性实验研究。研究表明:随着电子崩不断向前发展,放电间隙的空间电子数密度快速增长,SF_6放电过程中的空间电子数密度增长速度低于SF_6/N_2。0.1MPa下20%SF_6/80%N_2放电5ns时的电子数密度峰值达到4.6×1014m~(-3),而SF_6中该值仅为3.7×1012m~(-3)。当气压为0.1~0.6MPa时,SF_6/N_2击穿电压计算值与实测值的最大误差为9.23%,协同效应系数计算值随压强、混合比的变化趋势与实验结果相符,误差均值为5%。0.02~0.08MPa下SF_6/N2击穿电压、协同效应系数随压强、混合比的变化趋势与0.1~0.6MPa下的基本相同。     

N_2/SF_6混合气体的绝缘特性

为了探讨 N_2/SF_6混合气体代替纯SF_6气体作为气体绝缘输电管道绝缘介质的可行性,通过对低含量SF_6混合气体在不同混合比和压力下的工频及操作冲击耐电强度试验,分析了混合气体的绝缘特性。研究结果表明:在不改变现有输电管道结构和尺寸的情况下,可适当增加低含量SF_6混合气体的压强来保证输电管道的绝缘强度。     

SF_6/N_2混合气体灭弧室中气流特性的计算分析

以能量平衡方程为基础,建立了分析压气式SF_6断路器灭弧室喷口气流场的数学模型,在不同比例的SF_6/N_2混合气体条件下,对上游区(压气缸)气体压力和温度以及喷口喉道内的气流量进行了数值计算,通过改变混合比、基压、喷口直径和下游扩张角等参数进行大量计算,最终达到了混合气体条件下产生及维持与纯SF_6气体接近或相同的SF_6质量流量的目的,以确保所需的灭弧能力,     

均匀场中SF6二维流注放电模型的动态仿真

为了对SF6气体的放电过程进行深入研究,使用含电子、正离子、负离子的连续方程对SF6气体的放电过程建模,通过耦合泊松方程进行了解决空间电荷对电场的畸变影响的研究。使用通量校正传输法(Flux-Corrected Transport)求解连续方程,并首次实现了二维情况下的SF6放电过程的动态仿真。模拟过程考虑了带电粒子及中性气体分子的电离、吸附、复合、扩散以及光电离等过程。从仿真结果可见,SF6放电时的电子崩转化成了正、负流注,并且光电离过程加速了流注的发展。通过仿真使得SF6流注放电机制的研究从定性变为定量,这对于进一步研究SF6及相关气体的放电机理具有重要意义。     

六氟化硫/氮混合气体分离回收方法

在9篇文献的基础上，综合介绍了SF6／N2混合气体的三种不同的分离方法，并将它们的优劣作了比较。通过分析，认为将两种或两种以上的方法结合起来使用，可以得到较好的效果。     

Characteristics of N2/SF6 mixture gas in creeping discharge developing in narrow gap with backside electrode

The flashover voltage with a backside electrode was found to be lower than that without the backside electrode. Under microsecond pulse voltage application, we describe the characteristics of a creeping discharge developed in the narrow gap with the backside electrode. Using a CCD camera and ultrahigh‐speed camera, we observed the corona extension processes. The lowest flashover voltage was found to be obtained at positive polarity with a SF₆ content D = 3%. In the corona extension obtained using an ultrahigh‐speed camera, peculiar differences were observed in the corona extension process. The corona extension increased, and rapid flashover was observed at D = 3%. Using a CCD camera, small coronas were detected from the backside electrode. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(2): 31–38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20431     

N2流注放电过程动态特性

对N2的放电过程进行数值分析,采用粒子的连续性方程,并耦合泊松方程构建了N2流注放电流体模型,应用有限元法对其求解,获得了平板（间隙为5 mm）电极流注放电过程动态特性。     

SF6/N2流注放电仿真及协同效应研究

建立反映气体放电过程中粒子运动特性的二维流体模型,采用有限元和通量校正传输法对该模型进行数值求解,计算了50%SF₆+50%N₂在均匀电场下的放电规律,模拟了流注发展过程中粒子密度的分布情况,分析放电过程中带电粒子对均匀电场的影响。搭建气体放电实验平台,测量平板电极下绝缘间隙5 mm时SF₆/N₂混合气体的击穿电压,将SF₆/N₂击穿电压的实测值与折算值进行对比,研究不同混合比、气体压强对SF₆/N₂协同效应的影响。结果表明：随着流注向阳极运动,放电间隙内的电子数密度不断增大;在放电初始阶段,空间电荷对电场的影响很小,随着电荷数量不断增加,空间电场产生明显畸变现象。SF₆/N₂混合气体击穿电压的实验测量值大于折算值,且SF₆含量越高,实测值和折算值越接近。可以看出,SF₆/N₂的协同效应在含有少量SF₆时较明显,而当SF₆含量较高时,混合气体的协同效应减弱。     

Laser‐induced burst corona and streamer corona for a positive DC nonuniform field gap in N2/NO mixtures

The characteristic of sparkover in a DC nonuniform field gap is closely related to the discharge mode at the onset time of corona. In order to investigate the transition mechanism from burst corona to glow corona or streamer corona, a discharge experiment which is controlled by a pulsed laser in N₂/NO mixture has been performed. From highly sensitive observation of discharge luminescence which corresponds to the discharge current wave, the transition from burst corona to streamer corona is identified by the electron avalanche, which is formed initially at the tip of the rod electrode with the highest electric field, and the effect of secondary ionization. Moreover, it is verified that the measured electron burst drift time with laser irradiation in the discharge gap is determined by the electric field of the discharge gap. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 10–17, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10007     

AC particle-triggered corona discharge in low pressure SF/sub 6/ gas

This paper deals with AC particle-triggered corona discharge as a follow-up to our previous research with DC voltage to clarify the particle-triggered corona discharge process in SF₆ gas. Corona current pulses, charges associated with a corona current pulse, and corona light pulses were observed with an aluminum ellipsoidal particle suspended in a parallel plane electrode system under a SF₆ gas pressure range of 30 kPalesPles50 kPa by changing the particle position. Corona mode, phase (Phi)-charge (q) characteristics as well as corona discharge processes were discussed and the following results were obtained. AC corona mode depended on the instantaneous applied voltage, voltage gradient as well as the particle position and then, the Phi-q characteristics were also affected by those parameters. Charges flow into the floating particle due to coronas on the both tips of particle and excite field fluctuations around the opposite side of particle in addition to the applied AC field. The field fluctuation in SF₆ gas by the corona charges was about 4% of the applied field and much lower than that in air gap which was about 70%. That is, the corona development was suppressed effectively by high electron affinity of SF₆ gas even in the case of floating particle. The less effective interference between coronas on the both side of particle in SF₆ gas results in an obscure local minimum in the breakdown voltage characteristics as the particle is in the vicinity of electrode as contrasted with a drastic fall in the breakdown voltage by the particle in air     

Insulation properties of a CO2/N2 50% SF6 gas mixture in a nonuniform field

This paper describes partial discharge (PD) inception and breakdown voltage characteristics of a CO₂/N₂/SF₆ gas mixture in a nonuniform field. These voltage characteristics were investigated with ac high voltage by changing the mixture rate of each gas of CO₂, N₂, and SF₆ gas and the gas pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.6 MPa. It was found that adding a small amount of CO₂ gas into a N₂/SF₆ mixture causes a drastic increase in the breakdown voltage. For instance, when the mixture rate of SF₆ in N₂/SF₆ gas mixture is 50%, with the addition of 1% CO₂ the maximum breakdown voltage becomes 1.31 and 1.15 times higher than that of a 50% N₂/50% SF₆ gas mixture and pure SF₆ gas, respectively. Moreover, those voltage characteristics of a CO₂/N₂/SF₆ gas mixture were also investigated by changing the electric field utilization factor as well as by applying positive and negative standard lightning impulse voltages in order to discuss the corona stabilization effect, which seems to be one reason for the drastic increase in the breakdown voltage. These results and breakdown mechanism of the CO₂/N₂/SF₆ gas mixture are discussed on the basis of the corona stabilization effect and the dissociation energies of the component gases by observing PD light images, PD light intensities through a blue and red filter, and PD current waveforms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 34–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10019     

Problems of the application of N2/SF6 mixtures to gas‐insulated bus

In designing a gas‐insulated bus (GIB) using N₂/SF₆ mixtures, there are many application problems, such as the mixture pressure needed in order to maintain the required dielectric and heat transfer performance. Problems of recycling SF₆ are also essential in applying N₂/SF₆ mixtures. This paper presents the minimum breakdown field strength at lightning impulse and the temperature rise of the conductor and enclosure as measured for N₂/SF₆ mixtures. Considering the dielectric and heat transfer properties, we clarify the problems of application of mixtures to a GIB and discuss the appropriate mixture ratio of SF₆ in designing a GIB comparable to the present dimensions. In addition, the lowest limit of SF₆ content in a liquefied recovering method is theoretically estimated for reference in practical SF₆ recovery from mixtures. It is important for design to consider both breakdown phenomena, including the area effect of electrode, and the heat transfer properties of mixtures. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 25–31, 2001     

Impulse partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of rod-plane gaps in N/sub 2//SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures

Impulse partial discharge (PD) and breakdown (BD) characteristics of rod-plane gaps in N/sub 2//SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures were investigated for different gap geometry, gas pressure and SF/sub 6/ gas content. Experimental results revealed that the 50% probability breakdown voltage increased with gas pressure, which agreed with the theoretical values with consideration of discharge time lag for impulse voltage application. For the calculation of discharge inception voltage, the volume-time theory was successfully applied to the N/sub 2//SF/sub 6/ gas mixture. Furthermore, impulse PD light emission image was observed together with PD current pulse and light intensity waveforms. The long discharge with stepwise propagation and double-peak PD pulses could be observed, which corresponded to the streamer/leader transition leading to breakdown.