一种用于波达方向估计系统的平面功分器

 在某型均匀圆阵DOA（direction\|of\|arrival）测向系统的研制中,采用平面微带结构的一分八功分器实现八个支路的超外差接收．在设计原理的基础上,采用了功分器输出端口增加匹配线的技术,并借助商业软件Serenade进行电路仿真和参数优化．通过实验测量,该功分器具有等功率分配、相位一致性好、结构简单紧凑等特点,很好地满足了系统的设计要求．     

基于对称H型的超宽带低损耗左手材料设计与分析

本研究基于电磁谐振理论和镜像对称原理,提出了一种结构简单的新型左手材料,该结构仅在介质板单面印制。通过理论分析、HFSS仿真软件、NRW(Nicolson-Ross-Weir)等效电磁参数提取以及FOM(figure of merit)系数计算验证了该结构的左手特性。结果表明:该结构在12.65～23.32GHz频率范围内具有等效介电常数和等效磁导率同时为负的特性,其左手频带的绝对带宽达到10.67GHz,相对带宽达到59.33%,最大单元损耗仅为0.29dB,远远优于传统的左手材料。     

基于中和线解耦的小型化MIMO天线设计

本文设计了一种利用中和线技术来提高隔离度的双频MIMO天线.天线单元采用印刷单极天线的形式,两个工作频段分别覆盖WLAN频率2.45 GHz/5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz.低频谐振单元为倒F天线,通过增加短截线,用以产生高频谐振,实现双频工作.在天线之间增加一个悬置的中和线来提高天线端口之间的隔离度.仿真结果表明,天线两个工作频带分别为2.39~2.53 GHz和4.57~6.09 GHz.天线两个端口之间的隔离度,在低频段内,S 21<-19.3 dB,在高频段内,S 21<-24.6 dB,满足移动通信WLAN频段天线的设计要求.     

基于高阻硅衬底的微波传输线和数字移相器

在高阻硅衬底上微波传输线以及工作在7.5～8.5GHz频带的四位数字移相器.测试表明,在高阻硅衬底上制备的50Ω微带线在5～15GHz频率范围内的插入损耗低于0.8dB/cm;在同样衬底上用混合集成技术制作的7.5～8.5GHz四位数字移相器的各状态插入损耗为(7.5±3)dB,回波损耗大于12dB,均方根(RMS)相位误差小于5°.具有良好的微波器件性能.     

左手材料在天线中的应用研究进展

从理论上解释了左手材料用于天线设计时实现天线高指向性、高效率、小型化以及大扫描范围的原因,重点介绍了基于金属谐振结构和复合左/右手传输线(CRLH TL)结构的左手材料用于天线设计时的研究进展,指出金属谐振结构在提高天线方向性、增大天线增益、减小天线体积等方面具有很大优势,CRLH TL结构在提高天线带宽、增加天线频带、增大漏波天线扫描范围等方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

有线无源PDC-SiCN陶瓷基温度传感器的设计与制备

针对航空发动机高温恶劣环境监测对耐高温传感器的需求,提出采用新型耐高温聚合物先驱体陶瓷(PDC-SiCN陶瓷)为温敏介质材料,制备被动式有线无源微波温度传感器,实现温度信息的有线无源传输。以PDC-SiCN陶瓷为填充介质,金属银作为表面层,形成谐振器;以共面波导线和共面天线为传输线,实现微波信号的传输;在谐振器的侧面开槽,实现宽频激励信号和谐振信号在传输线和谐振器之间的传输。采用HFSS软件进行结构尺寸的仿真和优化,设计出了满足最大传输效率的被动式有线无源PDC-SiCN耐高温温度传感器结构。通过以上结构设计,制备出了有线无源温度传感器。结果表明,所设计传感器的工作频率为10.16GHz,依据材料的变化特性该传感器可实现频率在500 MHz变化范围内的测量。     

基于锁相环的谐振筒式液体密度传感器检测系统

为实现液体密度的在线测量,设计了一种基于谐振原理的液体密度传感器检测系统,并进行了检测实验.液体密度传感器由薄壁短管式谐振筒和检测系统构成,所设计的检测系统以锁相环为核心,可实现无相差的频率跟踪,并由单片机对频率进行测量、控制和输出显示.实验测试结果表明:在1~5 k Hz频率范围内,检测系统能够实时跟踪谐振频率的变化,频率跟踪不确定度为0.01 Hz;20℃下的传感器系数K0、K1、K2分别为153.867 0 kg/m3、-3.321 4×106kg/(m3·s)、1.766 7×1010kg/(m3·s2).在密度为700~1 200 kg/m3的测量范围内,传感器综合测量精度为0.076%.     

左手材料对介质谐振腔谐振参数的影响

"左手材料"是与传统材料性质相悖的另外一种材料。根据"左手材料"的特殊性质,采用理论计算与模拟仿真相结合的方法,对影响谐振腔谐振参数的因素进行分析,得出了填充介质的材料属性与谐振腔品质因数、谐振频率的关系。结果显示,"左手材料"的填充,会影响谐振腔的品质因数,相较于介电常数,材料磁导率的作用效果更明显;"左手材料"可以在不改变谐振腔尺寸的基础上提高谐振频率。这相较于传统理论而言有了进一步的进展,为探索和设计新颖的谐振腔提供了理论依据。     

Mach-Zehnder电光调制器产生多波长光源的实验研究

随着对光纤通信容量需求的不断增长,DWDM系统和L波段光器件成为当今研究的热点,多波长光源作为重要的有源器件倍受青睐。本文研究了基于Mach-Zehnder结构的电光强度调制器的理论模型,利用公式仿真得到在一定微波功率调制下强度调制器输出的扩频光谱。实验研究了M-Z结构的集成电光波导强度调制器光波长1550nm处10GHz、15GHz、20GHz扩频的实现,对理论分析所得的输出光谱与实际系统的输出光谱进行比较,发现谱线情况较一致。在调制频率10GHz,调制深度C=1.39,V=2.98V时,输出光谱中可清楚观察到正负三阶等频率间隔的边波带,尤其是一阶边波带与中心波长峰值功率几乎相等,可实现三路光源等功率输出。     

圆柱微波谐振法测量氩气折射率

氩气等单原子气体的折射率,是检验量子力学从头算理论的重要参数。基于圆柱微波谐振法,精确测量了234～303 K、 0～750 kPa范围内氩气的折射率。测量了圆柱腔内不同压力下4种横磁 (TM) 模式的微波谐振频率,对谐振频率进行非理想因素修正后,结合真空下的微波谐振频率获得氩气的折射率。圆柱腔内微波谐振频率测量不确定度为2×10^-8,4种模式获得的氩气折射率的相对标准偏差小于1×10^-6。通过氩气的折射率计算获得了氩气的第一介电维里系数,与国际上已发表的结果具有良好的一致性。基于建立的实验系统,后续可开展其他气体的折射率测量。     

Ultra wideband inphase power divider for multilayer technology

A multilayer inphase power divider with an ultra wideband behaviour is presented. The proposed divider exploits broadside coupling via a multilayer microstrip/slot configuration. The design method utilised for the device is based on the conformal mapping techniques. The developed device has a compact size with an overall dimension of 20 mm x 30 mm. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed device has equal power division between the two output ports with <0.2 dB amplitude imbalance between them, better than 10 dB return loss and isolation and < 2degrees phase difference between the two output signals across the frequency band 3.1-10.6 GHz.     

24 GHz miniaturised phase-selectable balun

The design, fabrication and test of a uniform microstrip and a slow-wave microstrip version of a two phase state balun based on an ultra compact 90deg quasi-lumped hybrid coupler design are presented for use in the 24 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical frequency band. The balun, realised using Gallium Arsenide integrated circuit technology, has the property that when fed from one of its input ports it provides a differential phase of 180deg at its output ports and when fed at its second input port it provides 0deg phase shift between output ports. The lambda/8 quasi- lumped coupler core reported occupies 0.15 of the area of a conventional quarter-wavelength coupler and has 0.5 dB insertion loss. The slow-wave version of the coupler is 40% shorter than the lambda/8 quasi-lumped coupler and exhibits 0.9 dB insertion loss.     

Relativistic plasma microwave amplifier tunable within a 2–3 GHz frequency band

A relativistic plasma microwave amplifier tunable in a frequency range from 2 to 3 GHz has been studied. The output radiation spectrum and the electric field phase difference between the input and output signals have been measured for the first time. The output power reaches 30–70 MW and the amplifier gain is up to ≈30 dB.     

Ultra-wideband power dividers with good isolation and improved sharp roll-off skirt

A novel class of ultra-wideband power dividers with good isolation and sharp roll-off skirt is proposed, analysed and designed on microstrip topology. By introducing a pair of quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs and/or parallel coupled lines to two symmetrical output ports, good performance in terms of equal power splitting is achieved over the ultra-wideband range, that is 3.1--10.6 GHz. A single resistor is then placed between two output ports such that good isolation is achieved between them. By virtue of direct-current chocked and half-wavelength transmission zeros of short-circuited stubs and coupled lines, out-of-band roll-off skirt near the cut-off frequencies is sharpened to a great extent. Two types of these power dividers are analysed and optimised using the simple transmission-line based even- and odd-mode approach. Based on comparative study of these two types, an ultra-wide band divider with coupled lines has been designed and fabricated. Measured results evidently confirm the predicted features of the divider in terms of return losses at all the three ports, input-to-output insertion losses and output-to-output isolation.     

Investigation of a power divider using a coaxial probe array in a coaxial waveguide

A novel coaxial-waveguide power divider using coaxial probe array that achieved low-loss probe-to-waveguide transitions is presented. The small reflection theory of transverse electomagnetic (TEM) lines is extended to synthesise the gradual waveguide taper, and the equivalent-circuit approach is applied to analyse the coaxial probe array. The design and simulation of a single probe-to-waveguide transition have been developed. The detailed design, simulation, fabrication and measurements of a four-way coaxial power divider are discussed. The measured results agree well with the simulated results. The measured 15 dB return loss bandwidth of this waveguide power divider is demonstrated to be 8.2 GHz (fL = 7.8 GHz, fH = 16 GHz) and its 0.5 dB insertion loss bandwidth 11 GHz.     

Improvement of performance of optically controlled microstrip phase shifters

Two optically controlled phase shifters are proposed. The first structure is based on the microstrip ring resonator inserted between two gaps. Phase-shifting is performed by optically controlling the gaps capacitance. The structure has shown excellent characteristics, however the rejection rate is high. To minimise the reflected power, the second phase shifter, which is based on the rat race coupler, is proposed. In this case, the phase-shifting is performed by adding extra lengths to two gaps, judiciously placed along the microwave ports. The gaps act as short-circuits under sufficient illumination conditions. At 10 GHz, the structure provides a continuous variation of Deltaphi(S₂₁) between 0 and 90deg, with Delta|S₂₁| less than 5dB. On a 500 MHz band around 10 GHz, the phase variation is less than 5%. |S₁₁| keeps <-20 dB within the experimental bandwidth 8.9-10.7 GHz. Both structures were fabricated on high-resistivity silicon substrate and the experimental results confirm the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations     

Study the role of non-linear resonant cavities in photonic crystal-based decoder switches

In this paper, we are going to design and propose a novel structure for all optical decoder. The proposed structure is composed of optical power splitters and a four-port optical switch. The four-port optical switch simply is a non-linear optical demulitiplexer. For achieving non-linear behaviour for the demultiplexer, we will employ defect rods made of doped glass which has high Kerr coefficient. The final structure has three input ports and four output ports. Port E acts as enable port, which will be used activating or deactivating the total structure. A and B are the control ports, by which one can control when the structure is active, which port of the structure to be active. The optical intensity of the input ports required appropriate operation of the structure is about 20 W/μm². The maximum switching frequency of the proposed structure is 2 GHz. Reduced input optical intensity is the main characteristics of the present work. Numerical methods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain were used for performing the required calculations.     

A broadband power meter calibration system in the frequency rangefrom 10 MHz to 40 GHz using a coaxial calorimeter

A broadband power meter calibration system based on a newly constructed coaxial calorimeter has been developed in the frequency region 10 MHz-40 GHz. The RF power is measured as the difference of DC power supplied to the calorimeter built-in heater in the RF load, when RF is turned off and on, holding an isothermal control between the RF load and a temperature reference. To minimize the error due to the adiabatic coaxial waveguide, we devised a new method utilizing its output port as a test port. The evaluations showed a calibration uncertainty of (0.28-2.2)% expressed by one standard deviation at the 1 mW level in the full band     

Phase noise performance of microwave analog frequency dividers: application to the characterization of oscillators up to the millimeter-wave range

The phase noise performance of two different microwave analog frequency dividers is characterized and compared with the values obtained using simple theories of noise in injection-locked systems. The direct measurement of the divider noise with a low phase noise synthesizer is not accurate enough, and the residual noise technique is used. The noise levels observed using this technique, between -120 and -155 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency, demonstrate that this divider noise is much lower than the phase noise of most microwave free running oscillators, even if this noise is still high with respect to the residual noise of amplifiers realized with the same active devices. The down conversion of microwave sources up to 40 GHz, is proposed as an application example.