基于神经网络航空发动机曲轴加工工艺设计优化

以某发动机曲轴作为研究对象,通过DEFORM软件对曲轴预锻和终锻过程进行了金属流动和微观组织的耦合模拟,得出了不同工艺参数下曲轴锻造的模拟数值;采用Geomagic软件逆向工程技术,得到了最终处理完成后曲轴的实际尺寸,获得体积验证参数;最后,通过FORGE软件验证了其结果的正确性。建立了多输入、多输出的BP网络拓扑结构,以预锻温度、终锻温度、预锻阻尼墙高度、终锻阻尼墙高度、有无润滑、预锻速度和终锻速度等作为神经网络模型的输入参数,以终锻填充率、折叠量以及最大应力值性能指标作为神经网络模型的输出参数。通过神经网络预测值与正交试验下模拟值的对比,得出最优解下的工艺参数,发现训练后BP神经网络模型的相对误差较小,并具有很好的预测能力。     

微车曲轴锻造工艺开发及模具设计

以微车内燃机用曲轴的成形工艺开发为目的,分析了该规格曲轴成形可行性及工艺难点,设计了预、终锻件形状及预、终锻模具结构.在预锻件平衡块的内侧设计了厚度为15mm的工艺连皮,预、终锻模具设置了阻力墙结构,上述两项工艺改进有效的保证了终锻件的成形效果.利用金属塑性成形仿真软件DE-FORM-3D,对改进的工艺进行仿真分析,仿真结果有效的验证了工艺方案.模拟预测了预、终锻成形力分别为39.9MN,终锻为56MN.设备63MN有富余.模拟显示终锻件的平衡块顶端完全充满.基于模拟验证的工艺和设计的模具进行生产试制,经检测曲轴锻件产品的尺寸及性能完全达到了设计要求.     

微车曲轴锻造工艺开发及模具设计

以微车内燃机用曲轴的成形工艺开发为目的，分析了该规格曲轴成形可行性及工艺难点，设计了预、终锻件形状及预、终锻模具结构。在预锻件平衡块的内侧设计了厚度为15mm的工艺连皮，预、终锻模具设置了阻力墙结构，上述两项工艺改进有效的保证了终锻件的成形效果。利用金属塑性成形仿真软件DE-FORM＊3D，对改进的工艺进行仿真分析，仿真结果有效的验证了工艺方案。模拟预测了预、终锻成形力分别为39．9MN，终锻为56MN，设备63MN有富余。模拟显示终锻件的平衡块顶端完全充满。基于模拟验证的工艺和设计的模具进行生产试制，经检测曲轴锻件产品的尺寸及性能完全达到了设计要求。     

基于有限元模拟探究拔模斜度对锻件成形的影响

针对曲轴模锻生产中普遍存在的平衡块充填困难、材料利用率低下的问题,对常规曲轴预锻模具的拔模斜度进行了优化.通过变换预锻模具的拔模斜度值并构建有限元模型分别对其进行模拟分析,发现不同的拔模斜度值对曲轴终成形效果的影响很大,并与实验结果相一致.最终通过有限元模拟分析找到了最佳的拔模斜度值使终锻件充填饱满,达到了要求.     

GH4169合金叶片终锻过程数值模拟

利用三维建模软件Pro/E建立了叶片终锻模型.通过三维有限元软件DEFORM-3D进行了叶片终锻过程数值模拟.分析了不同始锻温度、摩擦因子及上模下压速度对叶片终锻过程的影响,探究不同工艺参数下叶片终锻过程温度场的演变规律.     

采用Deform-3D对5083铝合金车轮锻造过程的模拟研究

利用Deform-3D有限元仿真软件,实现了5083铝合金车轮模锻件在预锻、终锻整个成形过程的数值模拟,分析了预锻、终锻过程中应力和应变分布、载荷计算、材料流动速度及温度场的变化情况,为模具及成形设备的设计提供了可靠依据。经生产实践验证表明,预锻模和终锻模设计合理,锻压工艺适宜。     

基于DEFORM-3D的曲轴锻造模具应力分析

利用有限元软件DEFORM-3D对曲轴预锻和终锻成形后的模具进行了应力分析,得到了应力分布,阐述了容差值对模具应力的影响;进一步分析了模具的应力集中现象,以改善模具结构、提高模具的使用寿命。研究结果可为曲轴锻造成形模具的设计提供参考。     

末端法兰热锻成形的数值模拟及工艺优化

针对末端法兰一次终锻成形出现的折叠缺陷问题,分析缺陷形成的原因,并基于Deform-3D有限元分析软件模拟末端法兰成形过程,结合正交试验优化工艺参数,提出制坯、预锻、终锻3步成形方法,调整坯料尺寸、摩擦系数、下压速度及终锻飞边厚度,有效地减小了锻件下模边缘、中孔和凸台的折叠角度,降低了开裂风险,最终锻出合格锻件。试验结果表明:当工艺参数满足坯料直径Φ50 mm、长190 mm、摩擦系数0.25、下压速度60 mm·s-1、预锻飞边4 mm、终锻飞边3.8 mm,并采用制坯-预锻-终锻3步成形方案时,锻件质量较优。通过实际生产验证了数值模拟结果的准确性和可靠性,获得了符合要求的产品。     

GH4169合金叶片终锻成形宏观场量规律数值模拟

通过有限元数值模拟,采用选取GH4169合金叶片终锻件上典型截面及追踪预锻件上特征点在整个终锻成形过程中金属流动特点及变化趋势的研究方法,从而较深入全面的揭示了不同工艺参数下叶片终锻成形演化规律.研究结果显示:等效应变及应力场的分布均随着始锻温度的升高而愈均匀;等效应力场、温度场及载荷—行程曲线对于上模下压速度敏感性较...     

发动机曲轴锻模优化及磨损影响因素研究

使用DEFORM-3D模拟软件对曲轴的成形过程进行了模拟分析.针对曲轴平衡块填充难的问题.通过优化终锻模具飞边槽结构,加入了阻力墙结构,改善了坯料的填充性,使其能够充满模具型腔,达到产品形状要求.并选取了成形速度和摩擦因子两个因素,分析了在不同参数下两种因子对锻模磨损的影响.与实际经验相吻合.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.