航空座椅连接件多工位级进模设计北大核心CSCD

根据航空座椅连接件的形状、尺寸、材料以及生产要求,对其进行冲压工艺分析。设计了由4个冲裁工位、4个弯曲工位、2个翻边工位、1个压型工位、1个切断工位和2个空工位构成的排样方案。该排样采用单侧载体,步距为50 mm,材料利用率为45.1%,提出采用多工位级进模进行生产。由于该工件的结构中弯曲成形较多,回弹不易控制,对其材料的回弹角进行了仿真,在弯曲成形中考虑了回弹量并进行模具补偿。为了便于维修和拆卸,采用直通式异形凸模,采用悬挂式销钉固定;圆孔冲裁凸模采用阶梯台肩固定,凹模均采用镶块式结构;并采用定位销进行定位,保证了模具精度。经过试模生产,多工位级进模的结构设计合理,能够满足零件的精度要求。     

订书机支架自动出件级进冲压模具设计

根据订书机支架的材料、结构特点和尺寸精度要求,分析其冲压成形工艺性能,完成冲压工艺方案和模具结构的设计。确定订书机支架采用多工位级进模来成形。详细介绍了模具的主要结构特点及工作过程。根据零件结构特点,选择纵向排样进行设计,该排样方案包括冲孔、空工位、端部弯曲、空工位和切断、侧边弯曲5个工位。为了配合自动送料装置,模具设计了自动出件装置,采用楔形滑块结构,利用开合模动作,实现对成形件的自动推出;另外,为了保证条料的顺利送进,模具设计了浮顶装置。结果表明:采用多工位级进模成形订书机支架,可满足该零件所有特征的成形要求,实现高质量、高效率的冲压生产。     

接插件端子多工位级进模设计

分析了接插件端子零件的冲压工艺,阐述了采用多工位级进模生产的可能性,介绍了零件的排样设计、模具结构特点及关键零件设计.接插件端子零件成形时,经多次弯曲后成形应力较大且回弹量不易控制.着重论述了接插件端子零件与配套插头及塑料护套接触部位的方框成形方法,即分步进行,逐渐成形,从而减小零件的成形应力及回弹.同时,在成形凸模上采取相应结构,既保证了零件的顺利成形又使其本身的结构简单便于加工以及根据试模情况更改成形部位的尺寸.模具投入生产后一直使用正常,零件质量符合图纸要求.     

B形插座端子多工位级进模设计

分析了B形插座端子制件的冲压成形工艺,阐述了采用级进模生产的可行性,介绍了成形制件所具有的冲孔、打印、切边、倒角、打字打凸、折弯、切舌、成形、整形等15个工位的排样设计,以及模具结构特点和关键制件的设计;插座端子的B形弯曲时,经多次弯曲后成形应力大回弹难以控制,着重论述了分步进行,逐渐成形,减少回弹进行B形弯曲成形的方法。模具投入生产后证明:结构合理,正常高效,制件质量稳定符合图纸要求。     

卡头零件多工位级进模设计

根据卡头零件的结构特点及实际生产的技术要求,进行多工位级进模排样设计,由于卡头零件结构为对称结构,故其排样设计采用对称单排结构设计,导正孔设计采用零件本身处于对称轴处的工艺孔,以保证板料冲裁、折弯时的强度,以及确保送料精度,同时采用导正销确定步距。该卡头零件多工位级进模采用顺装结构,使得工件与废料自然分离,有利于减少人工成本。同时,由于该零件折弯次数较多,为保证板料成形精度,故合理地进行了空工位的设计,避免成形零件发生回弹等影响零件精度。生产结果表明,卡头零件多工位级进模能满足产品生产要求,该模具的材料利用率高达75.62%,极大地节省了材料。     

前扶手加强板多工位级进模设计

根据前扶手加强板的结构特点及实际生产的技术要求,进行多工位级进模排样设计。由于前扶手加强板零件结构不对称,故其排样设计采用单排结构,导正孔设计采用零件本身靠近对称轴处的工艺孔,保证板料冲裁、折弯时的强度,确保送料精度,同时采用导正销确定步距。该前扶手加强板多工位级进模采用顺装结构,使工件与废料自然分离,有利于减少人工成本。同时,由于折弯次数较多,为保证板料成形精度,故设计了空工位,以避免成形零件发生回弹等影响零件精度。生产结果表明,该前扶手加强板多工位级进模能满足产品生产要求,模具的材料利用率高达55. 57%,节省了材料。     

基于能量守恒和数值模拟的精密级进模弯曲成形研究

对精密多工位级进模的多步弯曲成形进行研究,提出从能量守恒的角度结合数值模拟与功能转换的方法来提高多步弯曲成形精度及减少回弹,以HDMI连接器零件为例,针对90°弯曲部位设计4种折弯方案,分析每种成形方案及回弹过程中相应的板料内能变化并加以比较,确定较优的设计方案。     

汽车吸能盒零件多工位级进模设计

针对厚度大、强度高、成形困难且尺寸精度要求高的汽车吸能盒零件,通过工艺分析确定了直排中间载体的排样设计的14工位级进模冲压方案,材料利用率达75.14%。采用有限元模拟方法分析了产品成形过程中的回弹变形量,通过在侧整形工位施加补偿的方法解决了回弹超差问题;采用先冲孔后成形的方式解决了位于圆角上的溃缩孔无法直接冲裁的问题;采用挂台加背托板的形式固定凸模,解决了冲裁轮廓不封闭引起的冲裁力不平衡的问题;设计了楔形回退机构,解决了零件存在冲压负角无法直接成形的问题。生产试制结果表明,该级进模设计合理可靠,产品质量达到要求,生产效率高。     

高速列车安装板多工位级进模设计

高速列车安装板外形尺寸为275.3 mm×112.5 mm×29.5 mm,其弯曲部分为不规则Z字形,Z字形结构由2个方孔、1个圆孔和1个腰形孔组成,中间设有1条补强筋。根据安装板结构较为复杂的特点,对其成形工艺进行分析,在此基础上制定了3种冲压方案,经过对比分析,最终确定采用9个工位级进模成形制件,并确定了制件压筋预成形整形的排样方案。依次介绍了安装板模具的整体结构设计、模具预成形结构设计和模具成形工序结构设计。冲压成形工艺试验表明,安装板多工位级进模结构设计合理,其中采用预成形工艺能很好地克服制件回弹问题,满足制件大批量生产的需要。     

打印机内部限位板多工位级进模设计

针对一种打印机内部限位板零件,分析了其结构特点和冲压成形工艺难点,设计了冲压成形方案,进行了排样设计和多工位级进模的结构设计。设计了压线、先"山折"后弯曲成形、Z曲成形、压毛边、冲孔和切断等13道冲压工序,保证工件的成形要求和质量。设计了12对内外导柱、导套同时导向的导向装置,并加设凸模导块,提高了导向精度,保证了冲压精度。采用浮升导料销、导正销和导正针的定位方式,提高了多工位级进模的精度;采用卸料板和弹顶销的弹性卸料装置,提高了工件的平整性。经生产实践证明,打印机内部限位板多工位级进模具能够满足生产要求,可为同类零件的模具结构设计提供依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.