甲醇脱水制二甲醚固定床工艺技术研究

以甲醇为原料,采用阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,对甲醇脱水制二甲醚的工艺技术进行了研究.在固定床反应器中考察了压力、温度、空速等工艺条件对甲醇转化率的影响,取得了适宜的工艺参数:空速1.0h-1,压力1.6MPa(表),温度150～155℃,在此工艺条件下甲醇转化率达65%以上,二甲醚选择性为100%.     

3-羟基丙醛加氢工艺研究

考察了 3 -羟基丙醛 (HPA)在固定床反应器内两段加氢工艺条件 ,结果表明 ,当一段加氢温度为5 5～ 60℃、氢气压力为 6.0MPa、空速小于 0 .84h- 1 、氢油摩尔比为 2、HPA质量分数为 10 .3 5 %时 ,加氢的转化率和选择性分别大于 75 %和 99% ;当二段加氢温度 12 0℃、氢气压力 6.0MPa、空速 4.2h- 1 、氢油摩尔比为 1.2 7时 ,加氢转化率为 10 0 % ,1,3 -丙二醇加氢选择性大于 99%。     

苯和碳九芳烃烷基转移催化剂的工业侧线试验

对苯和碳九芳烃烷基转移催化剂进行了工业侧线试验,考察了不同工艺条件下的催化剂性能.结果表明,适宜的反应条件为反应温度360～380 ℃,反应压力2.0～3.0 MPa,质量空速1.0～2.0 h-1,氢烃物质的量之比为 4～6,原料中苯与C9+A质量之比为(30∶70)～(50∶50),该条件下,催化剂活性较高,反应的总转化率和总选择性分别为45%和95%左右.1 100 h的稳定性试验结果表明,催化剂床层入口温度仅提高5 ℃而总转化率和总选择性基本不变,说明该催化剂的稳定性好.     

己二酸二甲酯加氢制1,6-己二醇催化剂工业侧线研究

采用共沉淀法制备新型Cu基己二酸二甲酯加氢制1,6-己二醇催化剂,在工业侧线试验装置上,考察入口温度、反应压力、氢酯物质的量比和液相空速等工艺条件的影响,完成1 000 h稳定性试验。结果表明,在入口温度210℃、反应压力≥5.0 MPa、空速(0.1~0.2)h~(-1)和氢酯物质的量比≥170条件下,己二酸二甲酯转化率大于99%,1,6-己二醇选择性97%,催化剂性能稳定,显示了良好的工业应用前景。     

Pt-Sn-K/Al2O3催化剂上长链烷烃(C17～C20)脱氢反应工艺条件

以C17～C20重蜡脱氢为探针反应,考察反应温度、反应压力、氢烃体积比及空速等工艺参数对Pt-Sn-K/γAl(2)O(3)催化剂脱氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,C17～C20脱氢反应适宜的工艺条件为:反应压力0.14 MPa,氢烃体积比600:1,空速20 h-1和反应温度高于440℃,此条件下,转化率达14%以上.     

氧化铝负载杂多酸催化甲醇脱水制备二甲醚

制备并用N2 吸附和吡啶吸附红外进行表征 ,结果表明氧化铝负载杂多酸催化剂具有中孔结构 ,表面上具有布朗斯台特酸和路易斯酸。研究了反应压力、温度和质量空速对甲醇脱水生成二甲醚转化率和选择性的影响 ,及催化剂使用寿命。使用该催化剂制备二甲醚的最佳工艺条件为 :反应压力 0 .75～ 0 .85MPa ,反应温度 2 80～ 32 0℃ ,质量空速 1 .5～ 2 .5h- 1 。     

CO_2加氢合成二甲醚的适宜工艺条件

采用甲醇合成催化剂C207和分子筛HZSM-5混合制得CO2加氢合成二甲醚双功能催化剂,并在微型固定床反应装置上进行了活性评价。考察了反应温度、压力、氢碳摩尔比、空速等工艺条件对催化反应的影响。结果表明,温度对催化剂活性影响显著,适当提高温度有利于提高反应速率,适宜的温度操作范围260～270℃,增加压力,提高氢碳摩尔比有利于提高CO2转化率、二甲醚收率;适宜的空速范围1500～3000h-1。     

炼厂丙烯液相法合成异丙苯工艺条件研究

以炼厂丙烯为原料,采用固定床反应器液相法合成异丙苯,考察了丙烯质量空速、温度、苯烯摩尔比等工艺条件对反应的影响。结果表明,以FX-01改性的FHI-01为催化剂的炼厂丙烯液相法合成异丙苯的工艺可行,其适宜的工艺条件为:温度140～160℃,压力3.0 MPa,丙烯质量空速0.6～0.8 h-1,苯烯比8～9,丙烯摩尔转化率为100%,异丙苯选择性为95%左右。     

新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂工艺条件优化

以纯甲苯为原料,分别考察了温度、压力、空速和氢烃比等工艺条件对新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:在新型甲苯择形歧化催化剂作用下,反应温度提高或反应压力增加,甲苯转化率增加,对二甲苯选择性下降;反应空速提高,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性增加;氢烃比增加,甲苯转化率降低,对二甲苯选择性没有明显的变化。该催化剂稳定性良好,在反应温度445℃,压力2.0 MPa,氢烃分子比2.0和空速4.0 h~(-1)的条件下进行1 000 h催化剂稳定性试验,甲苯转化率可达30.2%,对二甲苯选择性可达94.3%。     

醋酸甲酯加氢制乙醇催化剂工业侧线试验

针对聚乙烯醇行业副产大量粗醋酸甲酯的加氢利用需求,采用络合沉淀组装法制备新型Cu-M/SiO2催化剂。对催化剂进行扩大试验,采用工业侧线试验装置考察入口温度、反应压力、氢酯物质的量比和空速等的影响,完成3200h稳定性试验。结果表明,在入口温度≥215℃、反应压力(2.4~3.2)MPa、空速(0.4~1.0)h-1和氢酯物质的量比≥25条件下,醋酸甲酯转化率大于98.5%,乙醇选择性大于99.0%,催化剂结构和性能稳定,显示出良好的工业应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。