再附着剪切层中的大涡结构

在空气流动中利用流场显示技术对二维后向台阶流动的分离和再附着剪切层中的大涡结构作了实验研究，发现当分离前为层流边界层时，分离后有一平直段，其长度随来流速度和台阶高度的增大而缩短，剪切层的发展受层中大涡支配，涡脱落频率随来流速度的提高而加快，在再附着点之前有涡的归并现象出现，再附着长度与台阶高度的比值仅与来流速度有关，再附着点附近涡的尺度与台阶高度相当，大涡碰壁后有时被撕裂成两个，有时被撞碎，有时弹离壁面向下游运动，流动很不规则，难以预测。     

电加热圆柱尾迹涡的流动显示

本文在低湍流度风洞及水槽中，就低雷诺数范围内对加势圆柱尾迹涡进行流动显示研究，实验表明在水介质中均匀加热圆柱时可促进其尾涡的脱落、而沿展向局部加热时，其局部涡脱落频率增大，导致原准二维卡门涡街三维化；相反空气中加热圆柱对旋涡脱落有扼制作用，本文首次观察到加热诱发的圆柱尾迹不稳定性的展向波，表现为Ｒｅ＾＊〈Ｒｅ（临界涡脱落雷诺数）时双子涡展向断裂成间距为展向波长λ的涡段。圆柱加热增强了尾迹近区的不稳     

基于转捩SST模型的钝尾缘水翼绕流数值计算与分析

边界层转捩是影响水翼绕流水动力学特性的关键因素之一。为了探究γ-Reθt转捩模型在低湍流度来流下水翼边界层转捩及尾涡脱落预测中的适用性,本文基于耦合γ-Reθt转捩模型和SST k-ω模型的转换SST模型,对0°攻角的NACA0009钝尾缘水翼绕流进行了数值计算。分析了转捩SST模型对网格尺度的敏感性,预测了边界层和尾迹区流场及不同雷诺数下水翼尾涡脱落特征,并与实验数据和SST k-ω模型计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:随近壁面第一层网格尺度y+的增大,水翼边界层转捩位置沿流向后移,最大y+值小于1时,预测的转捩位置趋于一致;与SST k-ω模型相比,转捩SST模型可以求解层流边界层,避免了在边界层和尾迹区对涡黏系数的过高预测,得到的边界层厚度和水翼尾迹区流动参数与实验结果更为接近;转捩SST模型可以较准确预测水翼尾涡脱落频率随雷诺数增大而增加的变化趋势,水翼尾涡脱落频率预测值与实验结果的最大相对误差为6.2%。     

混合对流绕圆柱涡旋脱落及对传热影响的数值研究

利用本文作者改进的关于流函数一涡量方向的数值求解方法，模拟了混合对流绕圆柱涡旋脱落及对传热的影响，得到了雷诺数Ｒｅ与格拉肖夫数Ｇｒ双重作用下圆柱尾迹涡型转变的规律，并数值研究耻存在小扰动的自由来流、圆柱旋转（γ）及浮力与来流成不同角度（δ）等因素对旋涡脱落，对传热的影响。除Ｒｅ数处，δ，Ｇｒ数对尾涡流型及传热产生较大影响，可利用这些参数来控制绕流流动及强化传热作用。     

偏航工况下风力机尾流特性分析

采用基于涡流理论的自由尾迹模型对风力机处于偏航工况下的尾涡结构进行计算,分析其对尾流特性的影响规律。结果表明:风力机偏航运行时,尾涡呈现出非对称的偏斜结构,且尾涡偏斜角大于偏航入流角;尾涡系中,叶片附着涡对尾流的诱导影响主要在轴向和径向方向,近尾迹涡及远尾迹涡对尾流的诱导影响主要在切向和径向方向;尾流区内流动以轴向流动和径向流动为主,尾流区外流动以轴向流动和切向流动为主。     

流向振荡圆柱绕流中的涡脱落模态分析

本文用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟。雷诺数选取Re=200、855等几种亚临界雷诺数情况。研究了不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构、涡脱落模态和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数的变化关系。西文计算表明，流向振荡圆柱绕流中涡脱落方式可划分为对称与反对称两种形态，在反对称的涡脱落现象中又观察到了三种基本模态，相互竞争的各种模态间的共同作用对流动特征起决定性作用。同时计算结果还验证了在圆柱绕流实验中观察到的频率锁定现象。     

前缘倒圆角方柱绕流的大涡模拟

该文基于FLUENT软件采用大涡模拟方法对前缘倒圆角方柱绕流的气动特性进行数值研究。首先分析网格质量对二维大涡模拟结果准确度的影响,得出适用于钝体绕流大涡模拟计算的网格标准;然后对比二维和三维大涡模拟计算的升阻力系数、脱落涡频率、回流区长度和瞬态流场旋涡结构,以及尾迹速度分布,并与实验结果对比。最后得到二维和三维大涡模拟方法在钝体绕流非定常特性研究中的适用性。结果表明:二维和三维大涡模拟均能捕捉流场中大尺度旋涡结构,预测的脱落涡频率与实验偏差均小于0.4%;三维大涡模拟结果相比于二维大涡模拟与实验结果更加吻合。     

圆柱尾迹流场中横向振荡翼型绕流的数值模拟

该文数值模拟了静止圆柱尾迹中横向振荡翼型绕流的涡结构、力及频谱特性,揭示前方尾迹流场对振荡翼绕流特性的影响，以了解鱼类游动时自主利用前方流场有利干扰的流体力学机理。研究表明圆柱尾迹的影响可导致翼型前缘涡脱落模态发生变化；翼型尾迹的频谱特性更加复杂;在一定的参数下翼型阻力系数可以整体下降。     

低雷诺数下并列双波浪柱尾迹干扰效应数值模拟

该文针对雷诺数Re=100下不同波长参数(/mλD=2、4、6和8)、不同间距比(1.5/3.5m≤L D≤)的并列双波浪柱后尾迹复杂的三维流动结构及干扰效应进行了数值研究。研究表明:三维并列双波浪柱在较小的间距比/1.5mL D=时,波峰对波谷排列的并列波浪柱后尾迹呈现明显偏置双稳流动结构,而波峰对波峰排列工况下基本呈现单一波浪型钝体后尾迹流动结构(尤其是在大波长/mλD=6和8时);当间距比/3mL D≥时,随着波长/mλD的增大,上下波浪柱各自呈现单波浪柱后尾迹流动结构;较大波长的三维波浪形状更好地组织了后尾迹三维流动结构,减少了并列双波浪柱后尾迹的相互干扰,从而减阻减振明显,最高减阻可达14.5%,脉动升力系数上下游波浪柱均趋于0.1。该研究可为近海工程的多立管结构及悬索桥的拉索振动抑制等提供理论支持。     

正交圆柱尾迹空间动力学行为的实验研究

该文实验研究了低Reynolds数情况下正交圆柱尾迹的空间动力学行为.研究涉及不同来流速度,不同圆柱间距工况下,几何中心层和剪切层上旋涡的空间演化特性.空间动力学行为分析主要基于自谱和互谱的空间演化,并涉及空间相位分析.结果显示:正交圆柱尾迹法向方向和展向方向的自谱演化不具有对称特性,分别表现为类单圆柱性和二次流现象;在正交圆柱中心附近,通过自谱图发现尾迹处存在旋涡的三次归并现象以及亚谐波的嵌入现象；通过互谱和空间相位分析,在Re=68和Re=103工况下发现波数匹配现象,并且其频带的中心恰为正交圆柱脱落主导频率；特别在Re=68工况下脱落主导频率和一阶亚谐波存在波数匹配现象,并且随着Re数增加,相位关联消失.     

方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,模拟得到了5种不同来流速度(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8 m/s)下方型人工鱼礁(边长为3 m)周围的水流场。铅垂平面上的计算结果表明:当水流贴近礁体迎流面时,水流抬升而形成上升流;不同来流速度工况下,上升流最大速度均约为来流速度的0.64倍,上升流平均速度均为来流速度的0.12倍,而上升流的最大高度为礁体高度的2.62～2.65倍;由于流动分离,在礁体顶面形成一小旋涡区,而在礁体背水面后端形成背涡区;5种来流速度下的背涡区长度均为礁体高度的3.0～3.5倍,而背涡区高度为礁体高度的1.1～1.2倍。水平面上的计算结果表明:紧贴礁体四周为水流减速区,在礁体两侧形成小旋涡区(缓流区),而在礁体背部形成一大旋涡区(背涡区);背涡区内的水流旋涡结构随来流速度大小而变,但背涡区的最大宽度基本不随来流速度的改变而改变,约为礁体宽度的2倍。     

Numerical analysis of the unsteady behavior of cloud cavitation around a hydrofoil based on an improved filter-based model

The unsteady cavitation evolution around the Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated in this paper, by using an improved filter-base model(FBM) with the density correction method(DCM). To improve the prediction accuracy, the filter scale is adjusted based on the grid size. The numerical results show that a small filter scale is crucial for the unsteady simulations of the cavity shedding flow. The hybrid method that combines the FBM and the DCM could help to limit the overprediction of the turbulent viscosity in the cavitation region on the wall of the hydrofoil and in the wake. The large value of the maximum density ratio ? l /? v, clip promotes the mass transfer rate between the liquid phase and the vapor phase, which results in a large sheet cavity length and the vapor fraction rise inside the cavity. The cavity patterns predicted by the improved method are verified by the experimental visualizations. The time-average lift, the drag coefficient and the primary oscillating frequency St for the cavitation number ?= 0.8, the angle of attack, ?= 8o, at a Reynolds number Re= 7 ?105 are 0.735, 0.115 and 0.183, respectively, and the predicted errors are 3.29%, 3.36% and 8.93%. The typical three stages in one revolution are well-captured, including the initiation of the sheet/attached cavity, the growth toward the trailing edge(TE) with the development of the re-entrant jet flow, and the large scale cloud cavity shedding. It is observed that the cloud cavity shedding flow induces the vortex pairs of the TE vortices in the wake and the shedding vortices. The positive vorticity vortex of the re-entrant jet and the TE vortices interacts and merges with the negative vorticity vortex of the leading edge(LE) cavity to produce the shedding flow.     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

螺旋侧板截面形状对Spar平台涡激运动的影响研究

处于深水中的Spar平台两侧不断产生周期性漩涡脱落,极易诱发涡激运动,缩短平台疲劳寿命。为探究不同截面形状螺旋侧板对漂浮式风力机Spar平台涡激运动的影响,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对亚临界雷诺数流动状态下附加不同截面形状螺旋侧板的平台进行研究,并与光滑平台进行对比,分析其水动力系数及尾涡发放特点。研究表明:螺旋侧板在有效抑制平台升力系数的同时,还会增加阻力系数,圆形截面侧板对平台升力系数的降幅最大,阻力系数增幅最小;螺旋侧板的存在使漩涡脱落频率整体减小,从单一主频发放变为主频和次频发放;圆形截面侧板的漩涡脱落点距离平台最远,发放最为迟缓;在研究范围内,发现圆形截面侧板抑涡效果最佳。     

Vortex shedding in the flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters

In this paper,the 3-D turbulent flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters,at sub-critical Reynolds number(Re=3 900),is numerically simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES).The spacing ratios(T/D)between the two cylinders are considered in four cases(T/D=1.2,1.5,1.8 and 2.7)to study the vortex shedding and turbulent properties in the flow field.The main results are focused on the drag and lift coefficients,the vortex shedding frequency,the coherent structure,and the scale properties.It is shown that when T/D is equal to 1.2,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder is strongly suppressed by the small cylinder,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are smaller than those in other three cases.While T/D is equal to 1.5,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder can be improved,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are larger than those in other three cases.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method is applied to decompose the velocity signals traced by the LES.It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the mean period and the mode in the semi-log coordinates.The vortex shedding period of the main cylinder is consistent with the period of the restructured coherent structures quantitatively.     

Large eddy simulation of turbulent attached cavitating flow with special emphasis on large scale structures of the hydrofoil wake and turbulence-cavitation interactions

In this paper, the turbulent attached cavitating flow around a Clark-Y hydrofoil is investigated by the large eddy simulation(LES) method coupled with a homogeneous cavitation model. The predicted lift coefficient and the cavity volume show a distinctly quasi-periodic process with cavitation shedding and the results agree fairly well with the available experimental data. The present simulation accurately captures the main features of the unsteady cavitation transient behavior including the attached cavity growth, the sheet/cloud cavitation transition and the cloud cavitation collapse. The vortex shedding structure from a hydrofoil cavitating wake is identified by the Q- criterion, which implies that the large scale structures might slide and roll down along the suction side of the hydrofoil while being further developed at the downstream. Further analysis demonstrates that the turbulence level of the flow is clearly related to the cavitation and the turbulence velocity fluctuation is much influenced by the cavity shedding.     

FLOW PAST TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN A SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT

Measurements were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) to analyze the modification of flow by the combined effects of the rotation and the Reynolds number on the flow past two rotating circular cylinders in a side-by-side-arrangement at a range of 425 ≤ Re≤ 1130,0 ≤α≤ 4(α is the rotational speed) at one gap spacing of T / d =1.11(T and d are the distance between the centers of two cylinders and the cylinder diameter,respectively).A new Immersed-Lattice Boltzmann Method(ILBM) scheme was used to st...