β甲基对125碘苯代十五烷酸(125I-BMIPP)的初步动物实验

为了解脂肪酸代谢显像剂 β甲基对12 5碘苯代十五烷酸 (12 5I -BMIPP)在动物体内的分布、清除和代谢干预对其心肌摄取的变化等行为 ,进行了12 5I -BMIPP的动物研究。结果显示 ,禁食SD大鼠心肌对12 5I -BMIPP的摄取高 ,最大吸收值为 5 .70 %/ g ,在心肌中滞留 1h都不变 ,至12 0min心肌摄取仍高达 2 .19± 0 .4 2ID %/ g ;30min心 /血、心 /肝和心 /肺比分别为 3.4 0、2 .6 4和 2 .88;12 5I-BMIPP在肝、肺中的摄取低 ,排泄快 ;甲状腺摄取低 ,至 12 0min ,甲状腺摄取值为 0 .0 2ID %/g ;12 5I-BMIPP与小鼠体内、外血浆蛋白结合稳定 ;异常毒性试验合格 ,每千克小鼠接受的量是人的 5 0 0倍 ;pH为 7.0 0和 7.4 0时的分配系数 (logP)分别为 1.93和 1.6 8;代谢干预研究结果显示 ,葡萄糖胰岛素干预组心肌摄取明显升高 ,与对照组相比差异具有极显著的意义。     

125I示踪法研究rhPTH(1～34)在大鼠体内的药代动力学

采用125I标记重组人甲状旁腺素（1～34）肽（Recombinant Human Parathyroid hormone（1～34），rhPTH（1～34））示踪技术，研究rhPTH(1～34)在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果显示，SD大鼠单次皮下给予1.8和3.6μg/kg剂量的rhPTH1-34后，其主要药代动力学参数为：达峰时间Tmax为0.26±0.07 h和0.25±0.0 h，血浆峰浓度为1.30±0.17 μg/L和3.20±1.12μg/L，末端消除半衰期T1/2el为1.70±0.56 h和1.58±0.70 h，药物浓度－时间曲线下面积AUC(0-∞)为3.1±0.7 μg•h /L和6.7±0.7 μg•h /L。表明大鼠单次皮下给予rhPTH(1～34)后，在给药后大约0.25 h血药浓度达到峰值，随后出现一个较快的消除过程，其药代动力学特征符合非静脉给药线性一房室模型一级动力学。     

^125I标记重组人血小板生成素大鼠静脉注射后药动学参数

本文目的是建立125I标记重组人血小板生成素(125I-rhTPO)的分析方法并研究大鼠单剂量静脉注射125I-rhTPO后的药动学特性。以Iodogen法制备I-rhTPO,HPLC法及SDS-PAGE法鉴定并测定放化纯度。125大鼠按2μg·kg-1剂量经尾静脉给药,于不同时相取血测放射性计数,并计算相应的血药浓度及药动学参数。制备的I-rhTPO符合药动学研究要求,标记前后化合物所在电泳位置一致,放化纯度>98%,4℃100h后125放化纯度仍大于95%。尾静脉注射2μg·kg-1,在大鼠体内可以二室模型拟合血药浓度的动态变化,T1/2(α)为(1.32±0.35)h,T1/2(为(24.55±1.07)h,AUC0β)→t为(134.26±22.99)ng·h·mL-1。Iodogen法制备125I-rhTPO,经SDS-PAGE检验,标记后的I-rhTPO与rhTPO的纯度、分子量相当,且I-rhTPO在体外稳定性较好。尾125125静脉注射2μg·kg-1,在大鼠体内可以二室模型拟合,半衰期约为25h。     

125Ⅰ标记重组人血小板生成素大鼠静脉注射后药动学参数

本文目的是建立125Ⅰ标记重组人血小板生成素(125Ⅰ-rhTPO)的分析方法并研究大鼠单剂量静脉注射125Ⅰ-rhTPO后的药动学特性.以Iodogen法制备125Ⅰ-rhTPO,HPLC法及SDS-PAGE法鉴定并测定放化纯度.大鼠按2 μg·kg-1剂量经尾静脉给药,于不同时相取血测放射性计数,并计算相应的血药浓度及药动学参数.制备的125Ⅰ-rhTPO符合药动学研究要求,标记前后化合物所在电泳位置一致,放化纯度＞98%,4℃100 h后放化纯度仍大于95%.尾静脉注射2 μg·kg-1,在大鼠体内可以二室模型拟合血药浓度的动态变化,T1/2(α)为(1.32±0.35)h,T1/2(β)为(24.55±1.07)h,AUC0→t为(134.26±22.99)ng·h·mL-1.Iodogen法制备125Ⅰ-rhTPO,经SDS-PAGE检验,标记后的125Ⅰ-rhTPO与rhTPO的纯度、分子量相当,且125Ⅰ-rhTPO在体外稳定性较好.尾静脉注射2μg·kg-1,在大鼠体内可以二室模型拟合,半衰期约为25 h.     

125I-RC-160的标记方法研究及其正常小鼠体内的分布特征

研究了一种高效碘标多肽RC - 16 0的方法 ,在其中以溴代琥珀酰亚胺 (NBS)为氧化剂 ,常规氯胺T法作为对照。对12 5I -RC - 16 0的标记率、比活度进行了评价 ,并观察12 5I -RC - 16 0在正常小鼠体内的生物分布特征。结果显示 :在丙酮:生理盐水 =1:1体系中 ,测得12 5I -RC - 16 0的标记率NBS法为 92 %,比活度为 1.95× 10 12 Bq/mmoL ,标记率随NBS用量增加而增高 ,最佳用量比为RC - 16 0 (μg):12 5I(MBq):NBS(μg) =3:7.4:1,且产物无需纯化 ;Ch -T法标记率为5 6 %,比活度为 0 .6 5× 10 12 Bq/mmoL ,经SepPaK -C18反向色谱柱纯化 ,12 5I -RC - 16 0的标记率可达 92 %。标记物在血中清除较快 ,注射后不到 1h血中的放射性就下降了 87.2 %;12 5I -RC -16 0在甲状腺及肾的浓集度很低 ,主要经过消化系统排出体外。     

188Re-HEDP注射液药物代谢动力学研究

将药物静脉注射到动物体内 ,以观察188Re -HEDP注射液在动物体内代谢动力学的特征。结果表明 ,滞留在荷瘤大鼠患骨中的放射性比在正常骨中的多 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;小鼠 72h内排泄放射性累积百分率约为 82 %(其中尿液排泄为 80 %) ;体外血浆蛋白结合率为 86 .4 %± 0 .30 %。说明该药物是亲骨药物 ,血清除快符合药物代谢动力学二室模型 ,大部分的药物以原形从肾排出。     

~(125)IUdR对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG44的杀伤作用

为评价12 5IUdR对人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG4 4的杀伤作用 ,把12 5IUdR加入到SHG4 4细胞的培养基中 ,孵育后测量细胞摄取12 5IUdR的放射性活度 ;采用克隆形成法测定12 5IUdR对SHG4 4细胞生长抑制的效果。结果表明 ,培养基中12 5IUdR浓度增加时 ,SHG4 4细胞对12 5IUdR的摄取量也相应增加 (相关系数r =0 .9917)。SHG4 4细胞摄取12 5IUdR后生长受到明显抑制 ,细胞存活分数与培养基中12 5IUdR浓度呈直线负相关 (r =- 0 .9736 ) ,其半数致死剂量LD50 为 (8.7± 0 .12 )kBq/mL ,12 5IUdR组的SHG4 4细胞存活分数明显低于Na12 5I组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结果提示 ,12 5IUdR能够掺入到SHG4 4细胞中 ,12 5IUdR对SHG4 4细胞有明显的杀伤作用 ,说明12 5IUdR可望成为治疗脑胶质瘤的潜在的一种放射性药物。     

131I-epidepride的制备与SD大鼠体内分布特性研究

采用双氧水标记法和氯胺 -T法进行13 1I -epidepride标记 ,考察标记物的纯度及稳定性 ,并进行SD大鼠体内分布特性研究。实验结果表明 ,双氧水法和氯胺 -T法标记率分别为 97.4 %和 5 2 .9%。标记物的生理盐水溶液室温放置 4h ,放化纯大于 90 %。大鼠静脉注射13 1I -epide pride的生理盐水溶液后 ,纹状体与小脑比值在注射后 32 0min时高达 2 37:1。13 1I -epidepride进入血液后很快被组织摄取 ,其中以肺的早期摄取最高 (2 .11± 1.0 5 ) %ID·g- 1,各脏器的清除均较快 (T1/2 <4h) ,甲状腺的摄取率随时间的延长而增加。     

~(125)I巩膜敷贴器的剂量学特性的研究

用经验公式按合适的几何模型作剂量学计算 ,可以得到对应于不同的几何形状和不同放射源活度的等剂量曲线。用LiF热释光片在水 -有机玻璃体模及空气中 ,分别作12 5I眼科巩膜敷贴器的表面剂量测定 ,结果在误差范围内无明显区别 ,得到的最终表面剂量及其均匀性分别为 :( 3.4 6± 0 .0 1)、( 0 .178± 0 .15)nGy h·Bq。用BaF2 闪烁探测器及LiF热释光片分别作敷贴器正面、背面等的计数测量和剂量测定 ,得到12 5I巩膜敷贴器的剂量的空间分布 ,其中 ,背面剂量不到正面剂量的 0 .1%。用LiF热释光片在水 -有机玻璃人体模型中作沿着眼睛中心轴的深度剂量分布的实验测量结果表明 ,测量距离大于约 5mm以后 ,计算值与实验值在误差范围内完全符合 ;在距离小于约 5mm时 ,计算值明显高于实验值 ,但能从实验上作分析解释     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI测定门静脉压力分析肝硬化病情及评价疗效

采用99mTc -MIBI经直肠给药测定 5 4例肝硬化患者各组肝功能的心 /肝 (H/L)比值及门静脉压力 (PVP) ,结果Child -A、B、C级各组H/L分别为 0 .4 9± 0 .18(2 1)、0 .6 9± 0 .16 (15 )、0 .91± 0 .2 1(18) ;PVP分别为 2 .2 2± 0 .5 7(2 1)kPa、2 .85± 0 .38(15 )kPa及 3.5 4± 0 .6 5 (18)kPa。而对照组的H/L及PVP分别为 0 .30± 0 .12 (16 )kPa及 1.6 1± 0 .384 6kPa。Child -A、B、C级各组分别与对照组及各组之间用t检验比较 ,除Child -B与C级组PVP无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其余均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)及显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。对 16例肝硬化患者治疗前后H/L及PVP进行测定 ,服药前、后H/L分别为 0 .73± 0 .16 (16 )及 0 .4 7± 0 .18(16 ) ;门脉压力分别为3.0 0± 0 .5 5 (16 )kPa及 2 .2 0± 0 .6 2 (16 )kPa ,作配对t检验 ,结果治疗前后H/L及PVP差异非常显著。本法测定门脉压力方便 ,无创伤 ,病人能接受 ,而且可分析病情 ,判断疗效 ,对指导制订治疗方案 ,估计预后等均有独特价值     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.