MIL-53/4A沸石复合材料的制备及吸附水性能的研究

通过水热合成法制备4A沸石分子筛,在4A沸石分子筛上制备了金属有机骨架(MIL-53)/4A沸石复合材料,研究了原材料配比、晶化时间和晶化温度对复合材料结构的影响,得到了制备复合材料结构的最佳实验条件:4A与对苯二甲酸摩尔比例为0.8:1,晶化时间为10 h,晶化温度为443 K.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、氮气吸附对该复合材料进行表征,并对该材料吸附水蒸气性能进行了测试.结果表明该复合材料具有微孔的孔道结构,并具有较好的亲水性.     

煤矸石制备沸石-活性炭复合材料的吸附性能研究

利用煤炭生产的废弃物煤矸石为原料,在不同的条件下,制得A型和X型沸石-活性炭新型复合材料,通过X射线粉末衍射、低温N2(77 K)吸附、水和正己烷的吸附等表征:该复合材料具有中孔和微孔双重孔结构特征,同时具有亲水性和亲油性以及离子交换性质。对其应用性能的研究表明:复合材料对水和正己烷有高的吸附容量,并可一次性脱除废水中的重金属Cr3+和有机酚等有毒污染物。     

溶胶-凝胶水热法制备分子筛-活性炭复合吸附材料的研究

利用煤矸石等原料制备分子筛-活性炭复合材料过程复杂,复合材料比表面积不高,且含杂晶,分子筛/活性炭比例及分子筛晶型调控困难。本文通过将商品活性炭表面进行Al_2O_3改性,采用溶胶-凝胶水热法制备出X型分子筛-活性炭复合材料,实现了分子筛/活性炭的按比例调控,并通过改变硅铝比调控了分子筛的晶型。并采用X射线衍射、氮气吸脱附、扫描电镜等分析测试手段表征了复合材料的结构和表面化学性质。结果表明:晶化温度100℃,晶化时间6 h,X型分子筛在活性炭表面负载效果好,复合材料的比表面积为720.47m~2/g,平均孔径为2.60nm。     

煤矸石合成纳米4A沸石分子筛的工艺研究

根据所选用煤矸石的成分特点提出了利用煤矸石合成纳米4A沸石分子筛的碱溶提取法,研究了该工艺,并通过试验优化了该工艺的技术参数,即用碳酸钠与煤矸石混合灼烧活化,以4mol／L的NaOH溶液提取硅铝酸钠,晶化温度为90℃,晶化时间为1h,合成并表征了质量性能优良的纳米4A沸石分子筛。     

粉煤灰基沸石分子筛的合成及应用进展

煤炭在燃烧利用过程中产生大量的粉煤灰。我国粉煤灰产量高居世界第1位,由于综合利用率只有70%,仍有大量粉煤灰露天堆存,造成严重的环境污染和资源浪费。消除粉煤灰的环境污染、提高其资源化利用率对我国循环经济的发展具有重要的现实意义。我国粉煤灰的利用由早期的粗放型规模化利用逐渐向精细型高值化利用转变。由于粉煤灰中富含硅铝元素,以粉煤灰为原料合成沸石分子筛是近年来粉煤灰高值化利用的研究热点。从4个方面对粉煤灰基沸石分子筛的合成及应用展开论述。首先,介绍了粉煤灰的形成、物化性质及其危害和治理利用现状。粉煤灰是一些矿物组成不同、形态不同的颗粒的机械混合物,其性质与原煤的成分、产地和燃烧方式有关。而粉煤灰的特性是决定其综合利用方式的关键。其次,论述了粉煤灰的3种主要活化方式,包括机械活化、水热活化和碱(盐)融活化。粉煤灰中的硅铝元素主要以非晶矿物玻璃体形式存在,其表面是致密的玻璃质外壳,粉煤灰合成沸石分子筛的关键问题是如何使硅和铝被充分活化,并得到有效利用。相比于机械研磨活化和碱(盐)熔融活化,水热活化有更高的活化效率和较低的能耗。第3部分论述了粉煤灰基沸石分子筛放入水热合成方法,重点介绍了直接水热合成法、碱融-水热合成法、微波/超声波-水热合成法、晶种法和转晶法。粉煤灰合成沸石分子筛一般均基于水热合成过程,多步水热处理可提高产物纯度,辅以超声、微波、碱熔融和添加晶种等方法可提高产率、晶化速率和结晶度。转晶法可极大拓展粉煤灰基沸石的骨架类型和酸性位,是更有利的粉煤灰基沸石分子筛的制备技术。最后,概述了粉煤灰基沸石分子筛的应用。粉煤灰基沸石分子筛的应用尚处于探索阶段,主要用于环境治理领域,包括工业废水中重金属离子的吸附脱除、大气污染物的吸附脱除以及温室气体CO2吸附。     

高铁高硅煤矸石制备P型分子筛

以高铁高硅的煤矸石为主要原料,经350℃氧化2h、酸浸除铁后,先在750℃条件下煅烧2h,然后在400℃条件下,经NaOH碱熔活化2h,再水热晶化,得到了P型分子筛.运用XRF,XRD,SEM等仪器对原矿、预处理产物和晶化产物进行了检测,结果表明:氧化后硫酸酸浸除铁率为96.8％;碱熔能使煤矸石煅烧粉生成可溶性的硅铝酸盐;产物为纯净的P型分子筛,平均粒径为2.53 μm;Ca2+交换量为325 mg CaCO3/g干基沸石,Mg2+交换量为96mg MgCO3/g干基沸石.     

固体吸附剂吸附二氧化碳的研究进展

综述了近年来介孔硅分子筛负载型吸附剂、聚合物负载型吸附剂、沸石负载型吸附剂、活性炭等不同载体CO2固体吸附剂的制备及其对CO2的吸附性能研究情况,同时指出了该研究领域中仍存在的一些问题。     

MCM-41-HY介孔-微孔复合分子筛的水热合成

以微孔分子筛HY浆液为母液,合成介孔-微孔复合分子筛MCM-41-HY。通过XRD、NH_3-TPD和N_2吸附-脱附等手段对复合材料进行了表征,并对复合分子筛的水热稳定性进行了考察。结果表明,复合分子筛MCM-41-HY具有中孔分子筛MCM-41和微孔HY型沸石的特点,并且与纯MCM-41分子筛相比,复合分子筛的酸强度明显增强,水热稳定性提高。     

新型高水热稳定性MOR/MCM-41复合分子筛的合成

以丝光沸石分子筛为硅铝源,通过碱液处理和表面活性剂的自组装作用,水热条件下合成了MOR/MCM-41复合分子筛。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附/脱附和水热稳定性处理等手段对合成的复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,复合材料不仅保留了原丝光沸石晶体的规则形貌,同时兼具微孔分子筛MOR和介孔分子筛MCM-41的特征,且介孔(20~30 nm)在微孔分子筛中较均匀地分布。水热处理测试结果表明,MOR/MCM-41复合分子筛具有较高的水热稳定性,水热处理100 h后介孔结构依然存在。     

煤矸石基沸石分子筛在水处理中的研究进展

介绍了目前以煤矸石为原料制备沸石分子筛的主要方法及优缺点,总结了煤矸石制备的沸石分子筛在去除水中氨氮、磷、有机物、重金属离子和氟等方面应用,并对"煤矸石→沸石分子筛→去除水中污染物"这条"以废治废"路线进行了系统的分析与展望。相比于传统的沸石分子筛制备路径,煤矸石制备沸石分子筛的原材料极易获取、合成成本低,合成产物对水中各类污染物质去除效果好。在今后的研究中,还应在煤矸石沸石分子筛的绿色制备,改性沸石分子筛和沸石分子筛+X复合材料的研发等方面继续深入,并拓展其在水处理领域的应用范围和途径。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。