曝气生物滤池在乙烯废水深度处理中的试验研究

描述了小试规模的曝气生物滤池在石化乙烯行业污水深度处理中的工艺特性,主要研究了曝气生物滤池对乙烯厂二级出水COD,BOD,以及浊度的去除效果,试验表明,水温对曝气生物滤池的运行有一定影响。     

A/O生物滤池处理生活污水的挂膜启动试验研究

本试验中,A/O生物滤池挂膜启动分为两个阶段进行:第一阶段,好氧柱利用活性污泥接种后循环曝气培养生物膜;第二阶段,缺氧柱通入待处理的水及从挂膜完成后好氧柱回流的水,并逐步提高滤速启动,进行缺氧微生物的培养和驯化。本试验二级好氧滤柱采用沈阳北部污水处理厂回流污泥接种,以待处理的原水启动挂膜。试验结果表明,当滤速8.8L/h(2m/h)小流量进水,回流比1:1,二级好氧柱曝气量25L/h时,在25天内,能在填料表面形成较稳定的生物膜,出水COD、NH3-N及浊度能分别稳定到12mg/L、5.22mg/L及10NTU以下。     

生物慢滤池处理径流雨水的运行优化研究

针对传统的生物慢滤池滤层厚度大、滤速低、产水量少的问题,进行优化滤料、提高滤速、改进池型、减小滤层厚度的调整,将装置运行4个月。试验表明,当生物慢滤池的滤层厚度均采用0.11m、滤速提高至0.4～0.6m/h时,CODMn、浊度、TP、TN的去除率与滤层厚度0.15～0.18m、滤速0.1～0.3m/h的传统生物慢滤池相当。采用折返式滤箱,降低装置总高度,在保障出水水质前提下降低了电耗。因此,以径流雨水为水源,通过改进池型、提高滤速、减小提升泵扬程,可满足《城市污水再生利用-景观环境用水水质》(GB/T18921-2002)标准和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)标准。     

浮滤池处理引黄水库水的试验研究

采用浮滤池工艺，对处理引黄水库水的结果显示对各项常规指标的去除均较好，尤其是对藻类、有机物和嗅味的去除，与常规工艺的比较更显示了浮滤池工艺的优越性。     

曝气生物滤池的特点及运行效果

介绍曝气生物滤池的3种形式,BIOCARBONE、BIOFOR和BIOSTYR,认为BAF具有运行负荷高、出水效果好、氧传输效率高、抗冲击负荷能力强,耐低温等优点,并强调填料的开发研究极其重要,具体介绍陶粒和火山岩2种填料。指出曝气生物滤池会在污水处理行业发挥重要作用。     

两级曝气生物滤池在城市生活污水回用中的应用

曝气生物滤池是在普通生物滤池的基础上开发的污水处理新工艺。以工业冷却水为回用目标,利用两级曝气生物滤池串联 紫外消毒技术对生活污水进行处理。研究整体工艺的运行效果,结果表明,出水COD≤60mg/l、氨氮≤5mg/l、大肠菌群≤2000个/l。同时,以两级曝气生物滤池为基础试设计一座处理量为3×104m3/d的小型污水处理厂,并对其投资以及运行成本做初步分析。     

不同改性方法对生物砂滤池生物膜特性及处理受污染原水效果的影响

通过对普通石英砂(QS)进行氨基及铝钙双氢氧化物改性制得氨基改性砂(AMS)和铝钙双氢氧化物改性砂(CAS),分别以QS、AMS、CAS为滤料填充滤池进行挂膜,研究了不同石英砂表面的生物膜量、生物活性、胞外聚合物(EPS)的特性及对受污染原水的处理效果。结果表明,挂膜成功后CAS表面的生物活性最高,为42.00 mgO₂/(g·h),生物膜量和胞外聚合物的含量最大,分别为12.43 mg/g、105.09 mg/(g·SS),对COD_Cr、NH⁺₄-N的去除率分别稳定在58.20%、89.50%;AMS表面的生物活性、生物膜量、EPS平均含量分别为32.97 mgO₂/(g·h)、9.07 mg/g、93.41 mg/(g·SS),对COD_Cr、NH⁺₄-N的去除率分别为54.60%、85.10%。三种石英砂表面生物量分布均沿水流方向递减,EPS的含量从溶解性胞外聚合物(SL-EPS)到紧密附着性胞外聚合物(TB...     

C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能影响分析

通过分析C/N值对A/O生物滤池性能的影响,为污水回用提供有效的处理工艺及参数。对模拟污水进行动态试验,研究不同的C/N比值对氨氮、总氮及COD去除效果的影响。试验表明,在当A/O生物滤池C/N比值为4.6~5.5、水力负荷为2~3m/h,回流比为1∶2,好氧段气水比为1∶3时,原水中的NH3-N、TN和COD都得到了较好的去除,去除率最高分别能达到92.1%,92%,95%。A/O生物滤池能够有效地去除污水中的氨氮、总氮及COD等,在适当的C/N比值的情况下,可有效提高去除效率,降低运行成本。     

“水解酸化一体BAF”组合工艺处理高浓度氨氮废水的试验研究

研究了“水解酸化一体BAF”组合工艺处理高浓度氨氮废水的性能特点,试验结果表明,该工艺对高浓度氨氮废水具有较好的处理效果,其出水COD达到100mg／L左右,平均去除率为64．69％,出水NH3-N平均值是3．51mg／L,去除率为95．16％,出水TN平均值是29．17mg／L,去除率为64．29％,各单元处理效果分析表明装置各处理区域均均能达到较好处理效果。     

异养菌与硝化菌在曝气生物滤池中的空间分布

研究了中试规模的上向流曝气生物滤池(Up-Flow Biological Aerated Filter,UBAF)处理生活污水时,异养菌与自养型硝化菌在反应器中的空间分布。试验阶段,进水CODCr/NH4 -N维持在6左右。水力负荷低于3m3/m2.h时,滤池中出现了两个不同的功能分区。进水端表现在有机物的快速去除,因此聚居的主要为异养菌;出水端表现为NH4 -N的迅速氧化,因此聚居的主要为硝化菌。沿滤层高度上溶解氧低谷是两个区域清晰的分界线。在进水水质稳定的情况下,影响两种微生物群落空间分布的重要因素是水力负荷,随其增加,分界线将逐渐上移,即发生了微生物群落的演替现象。当水力负荷超过3m3/m2.h时,分界线消失,硝化菌最终被竞争出反应器,此时NH4 -N的去除源于异养菌的同化作用。     

Towards sustainable and energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by up-concentration of organics

In the last decades, energy scarcity has become an important issue globally. Renewable energy sources have gained importance due to limited fossil fuel reserves and increased concerns on climate change. In this regard, municipal wastewater is a remarkable energy source since huge amounts of wastewater are generated and treated all over the world every day. Conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, which has been in use for more than a century, is the most widely applied treatment method for municipal wastewater. In spite of its reliability and proven success, CAS process suffers from intensive energy requirement and lack of capability to capture a high amount of organic matter from wastewater. In order to recover the energy present in wastewater efficiently, it is crucial to up-concentrate the organics in wastewaters. Several physicochemical and biological processes may be employed for up-concentration of organics and capturing them onto sludge. Capturing of organic matter in sludge phase allows improved energy recovery through anaerobic digestion. This study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of the current practices applied to up-concentrate organic matter in municipal wastewater. The paper discusses the most frequently used up-concentration methods by addressing lab-scale and full-scale applications with typical operational parameters as well as providing their strengths and constraints. In addition, various up-to-date treatment configurations are introduced in order to provide a future perspective in this field.     

混凝-过滤工艺处理洗车废水实验研究

采用混凝-过滤组合工艺对洗车废水进行了实验研究,讨论了混凝剂(PAC)投加量、助凝剂(PAM)投加量、静止时间、滤柱过滤速度及膜过滤的操作压力等因素对浊度、氨氮、COD及LAS等4种污染物去除率的影响。实验结果表明混凝-过滤组合工艺处理洗车废水的最佳参数为:混凝剂(PAC)投加量为330mg/L、助凝剂(PAM)投加量为2.5mg/L、最佳静止时间为10min、滤柱最佳滤速为4m/h及膜过滤的操作压力为0.12MPa。并且经过该工艺处理后浊度、氨氮、COD及LAS的出水含量分别为1.5/NTU、2.46mg/L、18.49mg/L及0.15mg/L。     

微电解—SBR处理染料废水实验研究

叙述了采用微电解-SBR组合工艺对印染废水进行处理的实验过程,实验表明,该法可将出水COD降至100 mg/L以下,色度10倍以下,处理后出水达到国家Ⅰ级排放标准。     

人工神经网络模拟生物膜滴滤塔废气处理过程

在生物滴滤塔处理有机废气过程中，参数非线性度大，其处理过程适合用人工神经网络(ANN)模拟。通过建立神经网络模拟生物滴滤塔处理有机废气的过程，对遗传算法的改进能够提高其收敛速度，并采用改进遗传算法(MGA)与LMBP算法相结合(MGA—LMBP)，利用已有的实验数据样本训练神经网络，取得了较好的效果。     

Biogas production from the sludge of the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Adrar city (southwest of Algeria)

This study deals with the treatment and valorization of sludge issued from the municipal wastewater treatment plant of Adrar city (southwest of Algeria). The sludge considered was a complex mixture of substances, essentially organic matters with a rate of 54%. An acute biological activity of the crude substrate was noted (1.67 10⁶ germs/1 ml). The diluted sludge with a content of 16 g/l of total solids (TS) was fermented in a digester of one litter capacity under anaerobic conditions during 33 days. The quantity of biogas produced was 280.31 Nml with a yield of 30 Nml of biogas/mg of COD removed. The COD, BOD and TS reduction yields were 88, 90 and 81% respectively, followed by a complete destruction of the pathogenic flora particularly Escherichia coli. This study presented an important energetic opportunity by producing 30,950 KWh.     

Economic analysis of hydrogen production from wastewater and wood for municipal bus system

The levelized cost of hydrogen for municipal fuel cell buses has been determined using the DOE H2A model for steam methane reforming (SMR), molten carbonate fuel cell reforming (MCFC), and wood gasification using wastewater biogas and willow wood chips as energy feedstocks. 300 kg H₂/day was chosen as the design capacity. Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated for each for the three processes and compared to diesel bus emissions in order to assess environmental impact. The levelized cost per kilogram for SMR, MCFC, and gasification is $5.12, $8.59, and $10.62, respectively. SMR provided the lowest sensitivity to feedstock price, and lowest levelized cost at various scales, with competitive cost to diesel on a cost/km basis. All three technologies provide a reduction in total greenhouse gases compared to diesel bus emissions, with MCFC providing the largest reduction. These results provide preliminary evidence that small scale distributed hydrogen production for public transportation can be relatively cost-effective and have minimal environmental impact.     

MSBR法污水处理过程中的节能分析

结合MSBR的工艺特点,提出了污水处理过程在控制系统和曝气系统中的一些具体节能措施。通过与鼓风机进出口阀门控制系统的耗能对比,说明鼓风机变频调速节能显著。     

废水厌氧处理沼气发电CDM项目开发的可行性研究

清洁发展机制(CDM)项目的开发,既有利于发达国家温室气体减排任务的实现,又有利于发展中国家的技术进步.文章结合梅河口市海山纸业有限责任公司废水厌氧处理沼气发电工程,对废水厌氧处理沼气工程回收利用CDM项目的可行性进行了分析研究和效益评价.结果表明,年发电量9873.6 MWh的沼气发电工程项目,可实现年减排温室气体49817 t CO2当量;如果该项目成功注册为CDM项目,按照目前CER的最低购买价格10欧元/t计算,每年可获得CER收入498170欧元,在项目20a运行期内累计可获得CER收入资金996.34万欧元.不仅能大大减少甲烷的排放量,也减排了因替代其它能源产生电能而带来的温室气体,同时企业获得了能够用于可持续发展的资金收益.