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介绍了气温变化对桥梁结构的三种作用方式,并对混凝土收缩及徐变效应进行了阐述,论述了桥梁纵向和横向计算时的温度作用效应,最后分析了温度梯度模式对温差应力的影响,从而提高主梁截面的抗裂性能,保证桥梁结构的安全性。 相似文献
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综合考虑了桥梁所处地的各种环境和地理条件的变化,给出了计算混凝土箱梁桥内温度梯度及其产生的应力的方法,对桥梁内的温度效应进行了分析. 相似文献
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温度应力是大型桥梁结构开裂及变形的重要影响因素之一。以石板坡长江大桥复线桥为背景,采用通用有限元程序MIDAS—Civil参考我国公路桥梁设计规范以及英国BS5400规范,首先研究了截面温度梯度和体系温变对该桥应力及变形的影响规律,然后将截面温度梯度和体系升温效应线性组合,探讨了它对复线桥的影响,并与移动荷载产生的效应进行了对比。研究结果对石板坡复线桥及同类桥梁结构的设计具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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对比了当前各国规范对钢-混凝土组合梁竖向温度梯度形式及温度基数取值的相关规定,其中英国规范和欧洲规范最为详尽合理。在英国规范的基础上,通过桥位处太阳辐射强度的计算结果对温度基数的取值进行修正。以青海黄南地区哇加滩黄河特大桥为背景,建立全桥有限元杆系模型,对比分析了修正的英国规范温度梯度模式和中国规范的温度梯度模式作用下主梁的应力分布,以及斜拉桥在整体温差、索梁(塔)温差、主梁竖向温度梯度和主塔顺桥向温差作用下的温度效应及各构件的温度敏感性。结果表明:在青海高原高寒地区,进行桥梁设计时采用考虑地理位置修正的英国规范主梁竖向温度梯度模式进行计算并指导设计更偏于安全;对于主桥的某些构件,温度作用已经成为仅次于恒载的第二大控制作用,所得出的全桥各构件温度敏感性分析结果可为高原高寒地区同类桥梁的设计、计算提供参考和依据。 相似文献
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为分析不同规范中混凝土梁桥竖向温度梯度模式的差异,评估竖向温度梯度效应对混凝土梁桥的影响程度,总结了不同国家和行业规范中混凝土梁桥的竖向温度梯度模式,从梯度曲线形式和温度基数取值两方面讨论了效应计算结果的差异。选取了20多座不同结构体系、跨径和截面形式的混凝土梁桥,计算了在包括桥梁变形和截面应力在内的2种典型的竖向正温度梯度作用下的各项效应,与自重和汽车作用产生的效应作了对比。结果表明:不同规范的竖向温度梯度模式在梯度曲线形式和温度基数取值方面存在显著差异,它们对温度效应计算结果具有同等程度的影响; 顶部温差的影响深度越大,桥梁的变形和次生弯矩越大,考虑底部升温段时截面下缘有更大的自压应力; 不同的铺装层类型和气候条件造成桥梁温度基数取值存在差异,进而导致温度效应可能相差1.5倍~2.0倍; 相同结构体系和截面形式的中小跨混凝土梁桥随着跨径增大,自重效应占比增加,汽车和温度效应占比减小,但是温度和汽车效应的相对比例基本保持不变; 结构体系和跨径相同时,T梁的温度效应占比要比空心板和小箱梁高出0.6%~16.5%; 温度效应在一些效应类型中占有很大比例,温度作用引起的中小跨简支梁桥的变形和截面上缘应力能与自重和汽车效应相近,引起的中小跨连续梁桥的截面上缘应力能超过自重和汽车效应甚至两者总和,墩顶截面下缘应力能与自重和汽车效应相当,引起的大跨径连续箱梁桥截面上缘应力能超过汽车效应的数倍; 若考虑铺装层类型和气候条件的影响,在温度基数取值较大的梁桥上,温度效应占比可能更高。 相似文献
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以大深坑II号大桥为例,建立桥梁结构计算模型。按我国公路桥梁设计规范、英国BS5400规范和新西兰规范确定三种计算模式,采用同济大学开发的《桥梁博士2.9版》平面杆系有限元分析程序对高墩连续刚构桥的温度效应进行计算分析、对比研究和探讨,提出了我国设计规范的应力计算结果小,是偏于不安全的。这为今后连续刚构桥的温度效应分析提供了另一种思路。 相似文献
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预应力混凝士连续箱梁桥温度应力裂缝研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对温度应力引起的预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的裂缝,结合工程实例,对比分析了按公路新、旧规范中不同的日照温度梯度模式计算的温度应力及内力,通过计算得出了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的温度应力分布规律,说明了温度应力裂缝对桥梁结构性能的影响,为今后判断具有同类裂缝缺陷的预应力混凝土箱梁桥能否正常使用,以及是否具备足够的承载力提供了必要的技术依据,并从桥梁结构设计方面提出了相应预防措施。 相似文献
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采用先冻结后固结(GFC)的冻土试验方法进行3种温度梯度冻结黏土的三轴压缩试验,研究不同温度梯度冻土破坏形态以及温度梯度、围压对冻土强度的弱化效应。结果表明:①温度梯度对冻土破坏形态有明显影响,而围压的影响与温度梯度相比则可以忽略。不同温度梯度冻土破坏形态呈下端“胀开”型,均匀温度冻土破坏形态呈“腰鼓”型;不同温度梯度冻土破坏后的径向膨胀量和垂向压缩量沿不同试样高度的非均匀分布是温度梯度诱导的“非均质”效应的重要体现,且这种“非均质”程度随温度梯度增加而加强;②温度梯度对冻土破坏体积变形具有和温度相同的影响效应,即随温度梯度增加(或温度的增加),不同围压冻土破坏后的体积变形由体缩逐渐过渡到体胀。③相同围压冻土强度随温度梯度增加而衰减,不同温度梯度冻土强度随围压增加而变化的规律与均匀温度场相同,均可理解为受微裂隙发育和孔隙冰压融影响而先增加后降低,但围压的弱化程度与温度梯度密切相关。④不同温度梯度冻土的三轴压缩强度可通过建立在主应力空间中分段线性屈服准则修正后予以描述。 相似文献
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Martin Mhlenkamp Martin Schmidt Mark Wesseling Andreas Wick Ingo Gores Dirk Müller 《Indoor air》2019,29(1):101-111
The use of displacement ventilation for cooling environments is limited by the vertical temperature gradient. Current standards recommend a temperature difference of up to 3 K/m between the head and the feet. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the effect of vertical temperature gradients on thermal comfort and compares this to the results of our own experiments. Early experiments have demonstrated a high sensitivity of dissatisfied test subjects to changes in the temperature gradient between head and foot level. Recent studies have indicated that temperature gradients of 4‐5 K/m are likely to be acceptable, and the mean room temperature may have a greater sensitivity on the percentage of dissatisfied (PD). In new experiments, test subjects have evaluated the thermal comfort of different vertical air temperature gradients in a modular test chamber, the Aachen comfort cube (ACCu), where they have assessed vertical temperature gradients of ΔT/Δy = 1, 4.5, 6, 8, and 12 K/m at a constant mean room temperature of 23°C. The results of the different temperature gradients are in contrast to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 (Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, Atlanta GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 2013) as the PD increases almost constantly with higher vertical air temperature gradients. The PD for the overall sensation increases by approximately 7% between gradients of 1 and 8 K/m. The evaluation of our own tests has revealed that vertical temperature gradients of up to 8 K/m or higher are likely to be acceptable for test subjects. 相似文献
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This study aims at comparing the predictions of skin temperature from different models of human thermoregulation and investigating the currently available methods for the prediction of the local and overall thermal sensations. In this paper, the Fiala model, the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) thermoregulation model and a multi-segmental (MS) Pierce model were tested against recently measured data from the literature. The local and overall thermal sensations were predicted for different room conditions, obtained from a recent experimental study, using the UCB comfort model coupled with the MS-Pierce model. The overall thermal sensation was further predicted using three other models. The predictions were then compared with the subjective votes obtained from that study. The equivalent temperature approach was also investigated based on the same experimental study. The results show comparisons of the predicted skin temperature by the thermoregulation models, under steady state and dynamic conditions, with the measured data as well as the predictions of the thermal sensations from the different models. 相似文献
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Parametric studies and evaluations of indoor thermal environment in wet season using a field survey and PMV-PPD method 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fanger's PMV-PPD is the most famous thermal sensation indices but it is too complex to be applied in practice. To obtain simple and applicable correlations, taking Qujing of Yunnan province, China, as example, a wet season (six-month) field measurement was conducted in a naturally ventilated residential room. Based on collected data, PMV indices were calculated by using Newton's iterative method. It is shown that the PMV values approximately vary from −1.0 to +1.0 and the indoor thermal environment is basically comfortable. Relationships of the parameters (indoor and outdoor air temperatures, mean radiant temperature, PMV and PPD) and indoor air temperature gradients (vertical and horizontal) were also studied by means of the linear regression and the quadratic polynomial fit techniques. Numerous correlations with high relativities have been developed. Moreover, the vertical and horizontal air temperature gradients range from 0.1 K/m to 0.85 K/m and from −0.208 K/m to 0.063 K/m in wet season. It is convenient to use these results to evaluate and assess the indoor thermal environment under similar climatic conditions. The results of this work enrich and develop the basic theory of the indoor thermal environment design and control. 相似文献
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采用K 0DCGF(K 0固结保持荷载冻结形成温度梯度再试验)方法,开展2种温度梯度冻结饱和黏土在3种固结压力下的恒围压加轴压剪切试验(CTC),研究温度梯度和固结应力对冻结饱和黏土变形破坏特征和能量规律的影响机制。结果表明:K 0DCGF模式中温度梯度冻结饱和黏土呈脆性破坏特征,而均匀温度冻结饱和黏土呈塑性破坏特征;温度梯度冻结饱和黏土在CTC路径中的变形破坏过程可用3个阶段描述:弹性变形阶段,峰值应力前对应的微裂隙或微孔洞萌生阶段,峰值应力后对应的裂纹扩展贯通阶段;随温度梯度和固结应力增加冻土存储的可释放弹性应变能与外荷载所产生的总输入能量的比例逐渐增加,这与K 0DCGF模式中冻结饱和黏土的脆性破坏特征与固结应力以及温度梯度之间关系基本对应。 相似文献
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介绍了人体热舒适的定义和环境影响因素:空气温度、空气速度、相对湿度和平均辐射温度。分析了气流组织与人体热舒适的关系。以下送风空调为例,阐述了此种空调方式的气流组织形式及其对人体热舒适的影响。 相似文献
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本文以上海地区冬季典型年室外温度为计算参数,建立外墙与屋面连接处建筑热桥三维非稳态导热偏微分方程。计算了不同保温形式下墙体内表面温度及热流分布,并分析了热桥对负荷及结露的影响。 相似文献
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Shengxian Wei Yanlin Sun Ming Li Wenxian Lin Derong Zhao Youming Shi Huimin Yang 《Building and Environment》2011
The PMV model predicts thermal sensation well in HVAC buildings while it predicts a warmer thermal sensation than the occupants actually feel in naturally ventilated buildings. For using PMV model to predict thermal sensation well in a naturally ventilated building, the extended PMV model (PMVe) including an expectancy factor (e) and PMV was proposed by Fanger. Besides, calculations of PMV are too complex to be applied in practice. To obtain simple and applicable correlations, taking Qujing of Yunnan province, China, as example, a dry season (6-month) field measurement was conducted in a naturally ventilated residential room. Based on the collected data, PMVe values were calculated by using Newton’s iterative method. It is shown that the PMVe values approximately vary from −1.3 to 0.20 and the indoor thermal environment is somewhat discomfortable on some cloudy or rainy days. Parameters relationships and indoor air temperature gradients (vertical and horizontal) were also studied by using linear regression technique and quadratic polynomial fit technique. Numerous correlations with high relativities have been developed. It is convenient to use these results to evaluate the indoor thermal environment in naturally ventilated buildings under similar climatic conditions. 相似文献
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甘肃北山地区深部花岗岩的热开裂试验研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过岛津SEM全数字液压高温疲劳试验系统,实时观察不同温度下北山花岗岩的热开裂过程,获得北山花岗岩的热开裂临界温度为68 ℃~88 ℃。在较低温度时,北山花岗岩热开裂以沿颗粒热开裂为主;在较高温度时,热开裂以穿颗粒热开裂及沿颗粒穿颗粒混合热开裂为主。热开裂不仅受到矿物颗粒的热膨胀性质不匹配及热膨胀各向异性的影响,还受到矿物颗粒的物理、力学、热学性质及矿物颗粒形状结构的影响。而花岗岩内流体包裹体也可能是影响北山花岗岩热开裂的一种重要因素,这是种新的影响机制。在微细观层次对热开裂模式进行分类,并由热开裂的分形模型定量解释沿颗粒和穿颗粒热开裂等发生的难易程度。当温度升高超过250 ℃时,北山花岗岩有可能存在热熔效应,这导致热开裂裂纹数有减少趋势,并且温度与其对应的热裂纹数量的统计关系符合Gauss曲线关系。 相似文献
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基于细观复合材料的混凝土导热系数模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
混凝土温度场分析是混凝土结构耐久性劣化、温度应力、火灾作用下结构破坏以及建筑节能分析的关键内容,而导热系数是确定温度场的重要参数。在细观尺度上,将混凝土看作由连续相水泥砂浆和分散相粗骨料组成的两相复合材料。分析了两相复合材料等效导热系数理论模型,将其用于混凝土等效导热系数的预测并与实测值进行比较,发现饱和混凝土即使采用不考虑界面热阻模型仍与实测结果吻合较好,而干燥混凝土必须考虑界面热阻的影响。为提高混凝土导热系数理论模型的预测精度,还应考虑粗骨料形状、级配、水泥砂浆与粗骨料间界面热阻以及孔隙率、含水率等方面的影响。 相似文献