回流器冲角对于压缩机模型级性能影响的研究*

通过建立离心压缩机模型级（包括叶轮、无叶扩压器和回流器）的数值计算模型,利用Numeca软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟及变工况计算,得到该级的变工况性能曲线及内部流场信息。经过变工况性能分析和流场分析,发现由冲角公式反推出的回流器进口宽度过大,导致其叶片吸力面侧流动分离,产生漩涡。针对这一问题,适当减小回流器进口宽度,并进行相应的建模、网格划分和数值计算,得到改进后的变工况性能曲线及三维流场信息,较原结构有明显改善。     

两个典型离心式压缩机级静子元件中流动的数值模拟

使用NUMACA软件对两个不同流量系数的离心式压缩机级静子元件中的流动进行了数值模拟。分析了两个级无叶扩压器中的流场及其中一个级弯道和回流器中的流场。对离心式压缩机级设计提供了改进信息。     

离心压缩机半开式叶轮与叶片扩压器级内流动的数值模拟

对由半开式叶轮和叶片扩压器组成的离心压缩机模型级内部的流动进行了数值模拟，分析了叶轮与叶片扩压器内部的流动情况及相互影响。结果表明，用半开式叶轮代替模拟级中的闭式三元叶轮后，流动情况严重恶化，级出口静压系数降低；与无叶扩压器相比，叶片扩压器使级出口压力系数升高。在相同叶轮出口速度下，叶片扩压器比无叶扩压器中气流速度下降迅速，叶轮出口处平均流场趋于均匀。     

离心式空气压缩机内流动特性研究

叶轮流动特性表明其前缘速度最大,尾缘处部分分离流动,而中间面两侧速度并不均匀。弯道和扩压器内部流场稳定,没有明显变化。通过对离心式空气压缩机整级流动特性分析表明:扩压器和弯道内流场则较为稳定,叶轮和扩压器交界面处流动速度较高,回流器内流场变化较为剧烈。通过对其内流动分析,可以为设计大工况下高效低耗的离心机提供理论指导。     

不同扩压器形式对叶轮内流动影响的研究

针对离心式压缩机模型级进行了数值模拟,与试验结果对比验证了计算模型的正确性,用无叶扩压器代替叶片扩压器在相同的边界条件下进行流场数值模拟,根据模拟结果对比分析了两种情况下叶轮内部的流动特征,揭示了叶片扩压器和无叶扩压器对离心式压缩机级内流场的影响规律.     

离心压缩机无叶扩压器内部流场的PIV试验测量

采用PIV技术对无叶扩压器内的流动进行了试验研究，实际测量了不同流量工况下无叶扩压器的内部流场，采用整体平均法对试验数据进行了处理，得到了各流量工况下的速度场分布图，并对其进行了分析和讨论。     

多级离心压缩机中整体式静叶片设计的试验验证

在多级离心压缩机的中间级中，气体在弯道中的流动难以控制，导致流动分离，直接影响下游回流器内部流场和整级效率。针对这一问题，作者已经提出了一种贯穿扩压器、弯道和回流器通道的整体式静叶片结构形式，它能够对气流起到整体引导作用，减少气体在流道中的气动损失。本文为了验证研究成果的可靠性，搭建试验台，并组织试验测试。试验测试和数值模拟的结果都表明，安装整体式静叶片的模型机效率提高了4.5%，总压比提高2.8%。     

分流叶片位置对离心压缩机级内部流动和性能影响的数值研究

运用数值求解叶轮机械内部三维粘性流场的方法,对工程上常用的某带分流叶片的离心压缩机叶轮及后接有叶扩压器的内部流动和性能进行数值研究。通过求解分流叶片处于不同周向位置和其前缘处于不同流向位置时级的流场,得到了对应的内部流场和压力、效率与流量的性能曲线。结合对级性能曲线和内部流场的详细分析,结果表明:分流叶片处于不同的周向位置和其前缘处于不同流向位置时对级的内部流场和性能曲线影响很大,分流叶片中间叶高处前缘位置位于50%左右和周向位置距长叶片吸力面一侧1/10栅距左右,级性能较佳。     

离心压缩机小流量级扩压器的分析与优化

对一离心压缩机小流量级扩压器内部的三维粘性流场进行了数值研究.对叶片扩压器进行初始设计,并分析讨论了扩压器叶片型线,使其级多变效率提高近5个百分点.     

离心叶轮机械有叶扩压器内部流动的PIV测量

以离心风机为研究对象,设计构建了用于内部流场激光测量的离心风机试验台,离心风机全部由透明度较高的材料制成。对PIV技术测量叶轮机械内部流动的应用进行了探索和实践,合理设置系统光路,优化筛选PIV示踪粒子和PIV双曝光时间间隔,最后采用PIV测量技术详细测量了某一运行工况下有叶扩压器的内部流场,给出了有叶扩压器不同轴向位置处流场的试验测量结果,并简要讨论了有叶扩压器的内部流动。     

离心压缩机末级最佳D_4/D_2值的数值研究

考虑到离心压缩机末级各通流元件之间的相互影响,将末级叶轮、无叶扩压器和排气蜗壳组合一起对扩压器出口直径与叶轮直径的比值D4/D2进行研究,通过对不同D4/D2条件下的整级模型进行数值模拟,研究扩压器流道长短对整级性能的影响,对离心压缩机末级流场及D4/D2值变化与离心压缩机整级性能的变化关系进行了详细的对比分析.研究结果表明,D4/D2值的变化对末级整级性能有较大的影响,并存在一个使级效率为最大值的最佳D4/D2值,D4/D2过大或过小都将使整级效率下降.     

无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及性能影响的数值研究

采用自编的CFD程序数值研究了无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及气动性能的影响.采用当地时间步长、多重网格以及隐式参差光顺等技术来加速收敛,以质量流量来代替出口静压的出口边界条件,使出口静压在计算过程中与给定的流量工况自动匹配,大大节省了计算时间.对Krain叶轮后带等面积与直壁两种形式的无叶扩压器离心压缩机内部流场进行了计算与分析,结果表明:直壁型无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率低于等面积无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率;直壁型无叶扩压器使得叶轮出口的流动出现分离;扩压器的形式对离心叶轮的整体气动性能影响并不大;在进行离心叶轮数值研究时,叶轮后的延伸区最好采用等面积无叶扩压器,以尽量减小无叶扩压器所引起的计算误差.     

离心压缩机级半开式叶轮采用无叶和串列扩压器的性能分析

使用CFD软件对某高能头半开式离心压缩机的级,在分别采用无叶扩压器和串列扩压器时进行了流动模拟和性能分析,给出了两种情况下的流场分布和性能比较。结果表明,在高能头系数的级中采用串列扩压器可以有效地改善叶轮出口流场,减少流动损失,提高压力恢复系数和级效率。     

离心压缩机排气蜗壳内部流动分析与优化

利用计算流体动力学专业软件NUMECA对某离心压缩机末级流场(包括闭式叶轮、无叶扩压器、排气蜗壳)进行三维粘性流动的数值计算分析.以计算结果为依据,对等宽变高式排气蜗壳进行了优化设计,末级效率提高约4.5%.将改进方法用于另一台压缩机组的末级排气蜗壳,末级效率同样提高4.5%,由此总结出"焊接式排气蜗壳气动设计规范",并将其应用于另一类典型的焊接式排气蜗壳--等高变宽式排气蜗壳的优化设计,末级效率提高约3%.大量的数值试验证明,所提出的设计方法具有很好的通用性,可以推广应用于所有的焊接式排气蜗壳设计.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ROTATING STALL FOR A LOW-SPEED CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

Unsteady flows and rotating stall of a low-speed centrifugal compressor are investigated by measuring vaneless diffuser wall static pressure fluctuation and internal flow fields at different small flow fluxes. During the experiment, firstly the real time static pressure fluctuations on the vaneless diffuser shroud at different circumferential and radial position were acquired by high-frequency dynamic pressure transducers. Discrete Fourier transformation analysis and cross-correlation analysis were applied to the experimental results to ascertain the rotating stall beginning operation conditions and stall cells numbers and rotating speed. Secondly, the vaneless diffuser inlet flow angle distribution along diffuser width direction was acquired by single hotwire, which was compared with SENOO＇s analysis results. At last, the internal flow fields of the centrifugal compressor were investigated with a particle image velocimetry （PIV） system at different small flow fluxes. The flow field development of vaneless diffuser and blade flow passage are given at rotating stall conditions. The experiments enrich the understanding of rotating stall flow phenomenon of the low-speed centrifugal compressor and provide full experiment data for designing high performance centrifugal compressor.     

Development of a performance prediction method for centrifugal compressor channel diffusers

A hybrid performance prediction method is proposed in the present study. A channel diffuser is divided into four subregions: vaneless space, semi-vaneless space, channel, and channel exit region. One-dimensional compressible core flow and boundary layer calculation of each region with an incidence loss model and empirical correlation of residuary pressure recovery coefficient of a channel predict the performance of diffusers. Three channel diffusers are designed and tested for validating the developed prediction method. The pressure distributions from an impeller exit to the channel diffuser exit are measured and discussed for various operating conditions from choke to nearly surge conditions. The strong non-uniform pressure distribution which is caused by impeller-diffuser interaction is obtained over the vaneless and semi-vaneless spaces. The predicted performance shows good agreement with the measured performance of diffusers at a design condition as well as at off-design conditions.     

A novel clocking effect between inlet bend and volute in an automotive turbocharging system

Numerical methods were carried out on a turbocharger compressor with inlet bent pipe to research a novel clocking effect between the inlet bend and the volute. It was found that the clocking effect with 3.4 percent of variations (1.9 percentage points) in compressor efficiency positively exists at the research point near chock. The reason for the changed efficiency loss is that the inlet bend induces a serious distortion of approaching flow to impeller inlet on one hand, and the downstream volute causes a circumferentially non-uniform distribution of pressure in vaneless diffuser. By adjusting the clocking positions between inlet bend and volute, not only is the unsteadiness of the flow rate through single impeller channel changed, but the uniformity of the incoming flow at the vaneless diffuser inlet is modulated as well. It is the dominant reason for the novel clocking effect that the bad uniformity causes more flow loss in both diffuser and volute.

     

低稠度半高叶片扩压器的模型级性能研究

通过数值模拟的方法研究了低稠度半高叶片扩压器在大流量离心压缩机模型级中的应用,并比较了其与无叶扩压器对模型级气动性能影响的差异.研究结果表明:采用低稠度半高叶片扩压器的模型级基本消除了盖侧附近低总压高熵值的区域,气动性能有较大提高.