电泳萃取技术用于萘酚绿B的回收

电泳萃取是一种新型的电泳与萃取技术耦合的分离技术。本文应用这种新型分离技术以正丁醇为萃取剂回收萘酚绿Ｂ, 在自行设计的电泳萃取池内实验研究了电泳萃取过程中的传质动力学过程, 研究了电场强度、溶质浓度等因素对于回收率及传质通量的影响。实验结果表明, 随着电泳萃取时间的增长, 回收率不断增大;电场强度的增大可以有效地提高溶质的回收率, 传质通量也随之增大; 而料液的初始浓度的增大会使传质通量增大,回收率有所下降。由回收率的大小可以看出, 电泳萃取分离技术是一种很好的处理染料废水的方法。     

电泳萃取技术处理专利兰A醇溶液

:电泳萃取是电泳与萃取技术耦合形成的一种新型分离技术。本文应用该技术以水为萃取剂从醇溶液中回收专利兰 A。在自行设计的连续电泳萃取池内实验研究了电场强度 ,两相流速等因素对于萃取率及传质通量的影响。实验结果表明 ,电场强度的增大可以有效地提高溶质的萃取率 ,传质通量也随之增大 ;有机相流速的增大 ,将使萃取率下降 ,传质通量则可能存在极大值 ;水相流速的变化对萃取率及传质通量的影响均不显著且规律性不强 ,电泳萃取从醇溶液中萃取专利兰 A的萃取率可达 95 %以上 ,是一种十分有效的分离染料的方法     

中国几种油页岩超临界萃取研究

用甲苯为溶剂对八种中国油页岩样进行了非等温的超临界萃取实验.进行了不同萃取压力、终温、样品粒度、溶剂速率和溶剂中供氢组分含量等参数的系统实验.结果表明,甲苯溶剂超临界萃取油类产物产率是一般干馏方法的二倍.溶剂中加入供氢组分,能使油页岩中有机质回收完全.由不同温度下萃取溶液中萃取物浓度的变化得出,油页岩的超临界萃取动力学可用一级反应描述,过程分两段,活化能分别为120和180kJ·mol~(-1)左右.     

用电泳萃取技术回收染料的实验研究

电泳萃取是一种新型的电泳与萃取技术耦合的分离技术。本文应用这种新型分离技术以正丁醇为萃取剂回收直接耐晒翠兰ＧＬ。     

三辛胺萃取酸性黄GR的平衡特性研究

络合萃取技术是一种非常有前途的可用于印染废水中染料回收的技术。本文以酸性黄GR为研究对象,探讨了三辛胺萃取回收酸性染料的萃取平衡特性。在初始染料浓度较低（如低于0．1g·L^-1以下时）,萃取率比较低,而在较高浓度范围,维持在40％-50％之间。油相染料浓度与水相染料浓度之间的关系可用y=0．71739x表示。进一步就平衡曲线的工程应用做了详细的讨论。给出工程应用时的计算机方法和程序。     

环己醇萃取浓缩氟硅酸的工艺研究

用环己醇萃取浓缩氟硅酸,研究相比、温度以及时间对氟硅酸浓缩的效果,通过碱洗、减压蒸馏再生萃取剂。萃取的最佳工艺为：萃取剂和稀氟硅酸的相比为12∶1,温度60℃,时间50 min时,氟硅酸的浓缩效果最佳。萃取剂再生实验结果发现,碱洗过程,氢氧化钠的浓度和氟的回收成正比;萃取剂中水的去除与减压蒸馏时真空度成正比。     

聚苯硫醚生产用N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂萃取回收研究

采用萃取方法回收聚苯硫醚生产用N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂,研究了萃取剂类型、用量以及溶质浓度对N-甲基吡咯烷酮的分配比影响。结果表明,萃取剂选用三氯甲烷,V（O）／V（W）为1：1时,N-甲基吡咯烷酮的分配比可达到1．78。此外,溶液连续萃取实验结果表明,萃取后的溶剂可用精馏分离的方法实现N-甲基吡咯烷酮与三氯甲烷的回收,且二者均可重复使用。     

加碱萃取精馏制取无水叔丁醇

以乙二醇与KOH的混合物作萃取剂,采用加碱萃取精馏对85%叔丁醇进行分离,得到了纯度为99.5%的叔丁醇产品。设计了工艺流程,确定了操作条件,萃取剂可用减压精馏的方法回收,回收的萃取剂循环使用不影响分离性能。实验结果表明:加碱萃取精馏也是分离叔丁醇-水恒沸体系的有效方法。     

微波萃取技术

介绍了一种新型的萃取方法——微波萃取及所用的试剂、设备和反应条件。通过与超声波法和索氏提取法的比较。发现微波萃取不仅有较高的回收率而且精度也很好。微波萃取具有操作时间短、溶剂量少、易于回收和自动控制水平高的特点。     

以硝基苯为萃取剂从水中回收苯胺工艺技术研究

介绍了采用硝基苯为萃取剂,从水中回收苯胺的工艺过程,进行了溶剂比、萃取级数、萃取温度对萃取效果的影响实验,确定了适宜的工艺条件.由于硝基苯为苯胺的生产原料,以其为萃取剂无需再生,可将萃取相直接加氢生产苯胺.通过三级逆流萃取,可使萃取后水中w（苯胺）由3.6％降至0.003 0％,苯胺回收率达到99.9％以上.     

煤化工有机废渣萃取处理的研究进展

煤化工有机废渣是煤化工生产过程中产生的有毒有害的有机固体废弃物,有强烈的刺激性气味,对人类及环境都有巨大的危害,一般归属于危险废物。为了更加有效地处理这些废渣,在分析国内外煤化工有机废渣处理技术的基础上,对煤化工有机废渣的各种萃取处理技术——普通溶剂萃取分离法、超临界萃取分离法、溶剂油萃取分离法、离子液体溶剂萃取分离法、切换溶剂萃取法等进行了详细介绍,并比较了各方法的优缺点,对比分析了各类萃取溶剂、萃取工艺,以期为未来煤化工有机废渣的处理提供参考。     

Coextraction of vanadium and manganese from high-manganese containing vanadium wastewater by a solvent extraction-precipitation process

High-manganese containing vanadium wastewater (HMVW) is commonly produced during the vanadium extraction process from vanadium titano-magnetite. HMVW cannot be reused and discharged directly, and is harmful to the environment and affect product quality due to heavy metals in the wastewater. The wastewater is usually treated by lime neutralization, but valuable metals (especially V and Mn) cannot be recovered. In this study, an efficient and environmentally friendly method was developed to recover valuable metals by using a solvent extraction-precipitation process. In the solvent extraction process, 98.15% of vanadium was recovered, and the V₂O₅ product, with a purity of 98.60%, was obtained under optimal conditions. For the precipitation process, 91.05% of manganese was recovered as MnCO₃ which meets the III grade standard of HG/T 2836-2011. Thermodynamic simulation analysis indicated that MnCO₃ was selectively precipitated at pH 6.5 while Mg and Ca could hardly be precipitated. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the obtained V₂O₅ and MnCO₃ displayed a good degree of crystallinity. The treated wastewater can be returned for leaching, and resources (V and Mn) in the wastewater were utilized efficiently in an environmentally friendly way. Therefore, this study provides a novel method for the coextraction of V and Mn from HMVW.     

长链二元酸重组分中混合二元酸提取技术进展

生物法已成功取代化学法制造长链二元酸,在生物法制备长链二元酸的提取精制中会产生含有二元酸的重组分。由于组成复杂,重组分中混合二元酸提取是行业中的一个技术难点。本文针对长链二元酸重组分中混合二元酸提取技术,首先对重组分组成及杂质来源进行分析,然后重点阐述了不同的混合酸提取技术及其技术原理,并对各自的提取效果和优缺点进行比较分析。结果表明,水相成盐-酸化结晶法操作简单,无需溶剂,但耗用酸碱,产生较多的盐,需要处理;有机溶剂结晶法可采用浓缩后冷却结晶的方式,与主生产线工艺契合程度高,设备改造工作量小;萃取法需要使用溶剂,一些特别的溶剂可以将色素等杂质分离,但需要考虑溶剂的分离效果;色谱分离法难以达到较高的分离度,色谱柱操作复杂,不适合大规模生产;酯化分离法关键在于需要把酯化产品与市场对接。最后,在现有技术的基础上,提出将来的研究需要将重点放在工艺创新、分离设备加工和加强环保措施上。     

Sulfonation of Triphenylphosphines and Separation of Sulfonated Triphenylphosphines by Crystallization and Solvent Extraction

Abstract

The effect of sulfonation conditions on the formation of sulfonated triphenylphosphines and their separation from the post‐reaction mixture, containing concentrated sulphuric acid, was studied. The solvent extraction was found to be a suitable technique to separate sulfonated triphenylphosphines from concentrated sulphuric acid, and the purity and yield was higher than obtained by crystallization from various solvents. Tributyl phosphate was a suitable extractant. Sodium salts of sulfonated triphenylphosphines could then be recovered as precipitates by treating the organic phase with the sodium hydroxide solution and separation by crystallization. The solvent extraction simplified the separation process. The separation process was much faster, less chemicals were required, and lower amounts of wastes were produced.     

溶剂萃取法回收间氨基苯基-β-羟乙基砜

染料中间体废水所含有机物品种多、毒性大、可生化性差、环境污染严重。本文应用溶剂萃取法回收了废水中的染料中间体间氨基苯基-β-羟乙基砜。研究了萃取剂种类、溶液、pH值、稀释剂含量对萃取分配系数的影响,同时研究了萃取剂的选择性和抗疲劳性。实验结果表明,利用甲基异丁基酮做为萃取剂,盐酸做为反萃剂,相比为2:1,经两级错流萃取,可以回收91％的氨基油,且萃取剂的选择性和抗疲劳性较好。实验证明溶剂萃取法用于回收氨基油是十分可行的。     

Experimental Verification of Caustic‐Side Solvent Extraction for Removal of Cesium from Tank Waste

Abstract

A caustic‐side solvent extraction (CSSX) process was developed to remove Cs from Savannah River Site (SRS) high‐level waste. The CSSX process was verified in a series of flowsheet tests at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in a minicontactor (2‐cm centrifugal contactor) using simulant. The CSSX solvent, which was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), consists of a calixarene‐crown ether as the extractant, an alkyl aryl polyether as the modifier, trioctylamine as the suppressant, and Isopar®L as the diluent. For Cs removal from the SRS tank waste, the key process goals are that: (1) Cs is removed from the waste with a decontamination factor greater than 40,000 and (2) the recovered Cs is concentrated by a factor of 15 in dilute nitric acid. In the flowsheet verification tests, the objectives were to: (1) prove that these process goals could be met; (2) demonstrate that they could be maintained over a period of several days as the CSSX solvent is recycled; and (3) verify that the process goals could still be met after the solvent composition was adjusted. The change in composition eliminated the possibility that the calixarene‐crown ether could precipitate from the solvent. The process goals were met for each of the verification tests. The results of these tests, which are summarized here, show that the CSSX process is a very effective way to remove Cs from caustic‐side waste.     

预分散溶剂萃取分离苯酚溶液的研究

Predispersed solvent extraction (PDSE) is a new method for separating solutes from aqueous solution by solvent extraction and one which has shown promise for extraction from extremely dilute solution very efficient and very quick. The use of colloidal liquid aphrons in predispersed solvent extraction may ameliorate the problems such as emulsion formation, reduction of interracial mass transfer and low interfacial mass transfer areas in solvent extraction process. In present paper, colloidal liquid aphrons are successfully generated using kerosene as a solvent,tributyl phosphate(TBP) as an extractant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphate(SDBS) as surfactant in aqueous phase and Tween-80 in oil phase. Extraction of phenol from dilute solution was studied by using colloidal liquid aphrons and colloidal gas aphrons in a semi-batch extraction column. It has been found that the PDSE process is more suitable for extraction of dilute solutions. It has also been discovered that the PDSE process has a great advantage over traditional single-stage extraction process.     

六甲基二硅烷-甲苯-水混合物的清洁分离工艺设计

在对六甲基二硅烷(HMDO)-甲苯-水三元体系进行了热力学分析的基础上,应用化工流程模拟软件ASPEN PULS对工艺过程进行模拟。提出了共沸蒸馏、萃取的分离方案,筛选了5种共沸剂,结果表明丙酮为最佳共沸剂。丙酮与HMDO-水形成共沸物,分离甲苯;共沸物通过萃取的方式分离HMDO;水与丙酮可以通过普通精馏的方法得以分离,整个过程中的共沸精馏溶剂和萃取剂-水全部循环使用,没有废液的排放,实现了清洁生产。提出的工艺方案可为工业装置设计提供参考。