国产快堆燃料元件包壳材料316不锈钢的中子辐照效应

介绍国产六种不同成分与工艺的快堆燃料元件包壳材料316不锈钢(316SS)经650℃高温、积分中子注量3.1×1021n/cm2(En>0.1MeV)的辐照概况,以及辐照后在650℃与室温下的拉伸力学性能试验和金相检查的结果及评述。     

N+注入对甘草幼苗部分耐旱特征效应的研究

植物幼苗主根、侧根及下胚轴的生长和根冠比值的大小是幼苗耐旱的重要特征.对甘草干种子注入能量为25 kev、注量为600×2.6×1013-3600×2.6×1013/cm2的N+,其中1800×2.6×1013/cm2的N+注入量能有效提高甘草6 d幼苗的主根生长和30 d幼苗根冠比干重和鲜重,促进侧根发生;也能明显刺激6 d和30 d幼苗的下胚轴和主根、茎高的生长.该参数可以作为沙漠化地区建立甘草植被发挥离子束注入当代效应的N+辐照的能量、注量的参考参数.在实验注入N+的参数范围内甘草幼苗耐旱特征的应答也表现出"损伤-修复-损伤"效应.     

空间实用GaAs/Ge太阳电池高能质子辐射效应研究

用能量为5—20MeV,注量为1×109—7×1013 cm-2的高能质子对空间实用GaAs/Ge太阳电池进行辐照,得到了其性能随质子能量和注量的变化关系,并进行了微观机理的讨论。研究结果表明,注量低于1×109 cm-2的质子辐照不会引起太阳电池性能的变化; 注量高于1×109 cm-2辐照,会引起太阳电池性能的改变。当注量为3×1012 cm-2时,5、10、20 MeV质子辐照引起太阳电池性能参数Isc衰降变化分别是原值的80%、86%、90%;Voc衰降变化分别为原值的82%、85%、88%;Pmax衰降的变化分别为原值的60%、64%、67%。当辐照注量为5×1013 cm-2时,5、10、20 MeV质子辐照引起Pmax衰降的变化分别为原值的26%、30%、36%。即随着注量的增加,太阳电池性能衰降增大;且相同注量的辐照,质子能量愈高,太阳电池性能衰降愈小。这与质子在电池材料中的能量损失和辐照引入的深能级Ec-0.41eV有关。     

反应堆脉冲中子和γ射线辐照SiGe HBT器件的退火因子及典型直流参数测量分析

本工作测量了反应堆脉冲中子、γ辐照SiGe HBT典型直流电参数和退火因子.在反应堆1×1013 cm2的脉冲中子注量和257 Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT瞬态中子、γ辐射损伤机理.     

FLASH ROM 28F256和29C256的14 MeV中子辐照实验研究

给出了国内首次FLASH ROM器件的中子辐照效应实验研究结果。发现28F256和29C256器件的14 MeV中子辐照效应不同于以往所认为的单粒子效应,它只有“0”→“1 ”错误。错误发生有个中子注量阈值,当中子注量小于某一个值时,无错误; 当中子注量达到一定值时,开始出现错误。随着中子注量的增加,错误数增加,直到所有“0”变为“1”。 动态监测和静态加电的器件都出现硬错误,不能用编程器重新写入数据。错误随读取次数的增加而增加。在相同的中子注量下,不加电的器件无错误,而加电的器件都出现错误,并且出现不确定性错误。     

Ar+离子辐照对锆4合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究辐照损伤对锆4合金电化学耐腐蚀性能的影响,使用直线加速器产生单电荷载能Ar+,在液氮温度下辐照样品表面,产生缺陷.然后,测量辐照后锆4合金的电化学极化曲线,使用钝化电流密度作为评定腐蚀性能的指标,分析不同注量Ar+离子辐照对锆4合金钝化电流密度的影响.同时使用透射电子显微镜分析不同注量Ar+辐照下锆4合金损伤层的微观结构.实验结果表明在低离子注量范围内(＜3×1014/cm2),随着辐照量的增加钝化电流密度升高,耐腐蚀性能降低;在中等离子注量范围内(3×1014-1×1016/cm2),随着辐照量的增加钝化电流密度急速下降,耐腐蚀性能显著提高;在高离子注量范围内(1×1016-1×1017/cm2),随着辐照量的增加钝化电流密度又开始增加,耐腐蚀性能再次降低.最后,根据原子碰撞理论对实验结果进行了理论分析.     

CFBR-Ⅱ堆脉冲中子注量测量

为了监测CFBR-Ⅱ堆辐照空间内脉冲中子注量,根据能谱随空间缓慢变化的特点,选择28个特征点,使用239pu电离室对S活化片进行相对刻度,修正了不同空间区域能谱对S活化片测量的影响,测得了特征点的脉冲中子注量.该方法引入的不确定度为5%;脉冲产额为1.10×1016裂变时,距辐照腔底50mm处脉冲中子注量为5.87×1013 cm-2;合成标准不确定度为11%.     

CFBR-Ⅱ堆脉冲中子注量测量

为了监测CFBR-Ⅱ堆辐照空间内脉冲中子注量,根据能谱随空间缓慢变化的特点,选择28个特征点,使用239Pu电离室对S活化片进行相对刻度,修正了不同空间区域能谱对S活化片测量的影响,测得了特征点的脉冲中子注量。该方法引入的不确定度为5%;脉冲产额为1.10×1016裂变时,距辐照腔底50mm处脉冲中子注量为5.87×1013cm-2;合成标准不确定度为11%。     

FLASH ROM 28F256和29C256的14 MeV中子辐照实验 …

给出了国内首次ＦＬＡＳＨ ＲＭＯ器件的中子辐照效应实验研究结果，发现２８Ｆ２５６和２９Ｃ２５６器件的１４ＭｅＶ中子辐照效应不同于以往所认国的单粒子效应，它只有“０”→“１”错误。错误发生有个中子注量阈值，当中子注量小于某一个值时，无错误；当中子注量达到一定值时，开始出身错误，随着中子注量的增加，错误数增加，直到所有“０”变为“１”。动态监测和静态加电的器件都出现硬错误，不能用编程器重新写入数据。错     

注F MOS电容的电离辐射效应

对于O_2栅氧化后注F的MOS电容进行了γ射线辐照试验,研究了不同注F剂量MOS电容的电离辐射响应特征。结果表明,注F能抑制辐射感生氧化物电荷和界面态,最佳抑制效果的F注量范围是5×10~(14)—2×10~(16)F/cm~2,且受注F工艺条件制约,少量或过量的F注入无明显抑制辐射损伤的能力。推测F在Si/SiO_2界面和SiO_2中的行为将直接影响MOS器件的辐照效应,而F的行为依赖于F注入的工艺条件。用一定模型对实验结果进行了解释。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.