Q235钢在北京土壤环境中的腐蚀行为

通过现场实验(1,2和2.5 a)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的测试,并结合腐蚀形貌宏观观察,SEM,XRD及失重法对Q235钢在北京土壤环境中的腐蚀行为及机理进行了研究。结果表明：现场埋样1,2和2.5 a的Q235钢的腐蚀特征均表现为全面腐蚀,且局部点蚀程度严重。随埋样时间的延长,Q235钢的腐蚀速率先增加后略有减小, 其平均点蚀深度和最大点蚀深度均增加。腐蚀产物均主要由α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH及γ-Fe₂O₃组成。随埋样时间的延长,α-FeOOH相对含量有所增加,腐蚀产物层的致密性及连续性有所改善,但腐蚀产物层不具有良好的保护性。     

纯Cu和铜包钢在大港土壤环境中的腐蚀行为研究

通过1 a现场实验,并结合腐蚀形貌宏观观察、SEM、XRD及失重法对纯Cu和铜包钢在大港土壤环境中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明, 现场埋样的纯Cu、电镀铜包钢和连铸铜包钢的平均腐蚀速率分别为1.01,1.05和1.07 g/(dm²a),其中电镀铜包钢和连铸铜包钢的平均腐蚀速率接近,纯Cu的腐蚀速率略小;腐蚀特征均表现为非均匀的全面腐蚀,腐蚀程度有所差异;腐蚀产物均主要由Cu₂O,Cu(OH)₂和CuCl组成。     

海洋大气环境中电镀锌板的腐蚀行为与机理

通过2 a现场暴晒实验,采用腐蚀形貌宏观观察、SEM、XRD及失重法,对电镀锌板在青岛和西双版纳大气环境中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。通过电化学阻抗谱研究了电镀锌板在不同Cl^-浓度溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为。结果表明：电镀锌板在青岛和西双版纳大气环境中的平均腐蚀速率分别为0.76和0.1935 μm/a,在青岛大气环境中暴晒2 a后局部有红锈产生,主要腐蚀产物为Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂H₂O,ZnO和Zn(OH)₂,在西双版纳大气环境中表面有少量白色锈点,主要腐蚀产物为2ZnCO₃3Zn(OH)₂,ZnO和Zn(OH)₂。电镀锌板在青岛和西双版纳大气环境中主要表现为均匀腐蚀,并伴有局部不均匀坑蚀;青岛大气环境中的Cl^-使电镀锌板在青岛大气环境中的腐蚀加剧。     

铜质文物在CO2环境中的腐蚀行为及缓蚀剂研究

采用石英晶体微天平(QCM)反应性监测技术，结合Cu表面腐蚀产物分析，揭示了铜质文物在CO₂环境中的初期腐蚀行为。进而针对性地引入苯骈三氮唑(BTA)和L-半胱氨酸(CYS)为主的复配气相缓蚀剂(VCI)以提高对铜质文物的抗腐蚀能力，同时结合电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术和密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了复配VCI对铜质文物的缓蚀机制。结果表明，CO₂浓度的增大以及相对湿度的升高均会加速铜质文物的腐蚀，在CO₂环境暴露后的初期，腐蚀产物主要为Cu₂O、CuO和CuCO₃·Cu(OH)₂。BTA与CYS对铜质文物腐蚀有显著的协同缓蚀性能，当BTA与CYS复配比为4∶1时，缓蚀率最高为86.2%。由于CYS与BTA相比，其较小的尺寸而产生较少的空间位阻，可以充分填补BTA膜的空隙，使得复合缓蚀剂膜更加致密。     

安徽省内电网设备常用Q235和40Cr钢大气腐蚀特性及其规律

针对在安徽省内代表性变电站站点自然环境下曝露1和3 a后的Q235、40Cr钢试样,开展腐蚀产物、腐蚀层形貌的研究,探讨其大气腐蚀机理。采用失重法获取Q235和40Cr钢试样的腐蚀速率,结合安徽省各相关地市的主要环境因素数据,再采用灰色关联分析方法,研究主要环境因素对1和3 a期Q235、40Cr钢试样大气腐蚀的影响规律。结果表明,Q235和40Cr钢试样大气腐蚀产物为FeOOH、Fe₃O₄、Fe(OH)₃及FeSO₄;腐蚀层表面密布着棉花球状的α-FeOOH,其间分布着片状的γ-FeOOH,腐蚀层结构较致密,但发生层状开裂。安徽省内Q235和40Cr钢试样大气腐蚀等级均在C2和C3等级,两者无明显差别。影响Q235和40Cr钢试样1 a期大气腐蚀的环境因素关联度排序为：NO₂>温度>SO₂>相对湿度>O₃;随着曝露时间延长至3 a,该关联度排序改变为：SO₂、温度>NO_2...     

低碳中铬钢在模拟CO2驱油环境中的电化学行为

通过模拟动态腐蚀试验和电化学测试,分析了自主冶炼的低碳中铬钢Cr5和Cr7在模拟长庆油田CO₂驱油(CO₂-EOR)环境中的腐蚀行为,采用失重法、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等方法,对比分析了两种材料的耐蚀性。结果表明：Cr5钢的腐蚀速率为0.734 75 mm/a, Cr7钢的腐蚀速率为0.217 32 mm/a; Cr5钢和Cr7钢表面的腐蚀产物膜均为双层结构,腐蚀产物膜主要成分是FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃,Cr7钢表面的腐蚀产物膜更致密;当温度为30℃时,Cr5钢和Cr7钢的电化学行为均由电极活化控制,当温度为50℃和70℃时,Cr5钢的电化学行为转变为由电极活化和扩散混合控制,而Cr7钢的电化学行为仍由电极活化控制。     

温度和O2含量在CO2/H2S/O2体系中对输气管道的腐蚀行为研究

目的 为给新疆油田输气管道的腐蚀防控提供依据,揭示L360NS钢在CO₂/H₂S/O₂共存体系中不同O₂含量(物质的量分数0%～2%)和不同温度(60～180℃)工况下的腐蚀行为。方法 以新疆油田HN区块输气管道为研究背景,基于现场运行工况设计高温高压反应釜试验方案,选择L360NS钢为试样进行失重法、腐蚀产物表征、基体形貌表征、腐蚀缺陷深度测试等试验。结果 随O₂含量增大,L360NS钢的均匀腐蚀速率从0.299 1 mm/a逐渐增大到0.912 3 mm/a。试样表面出现腐蚀缺陷,且随O₂含量升高有逐渐扩大的趋势,腐蚀产物膜呈楔形、多方晶体状,大小不一。温度(60～180℃)升高,L360NS钢的均匀腐蚀速率从2.103 4 mm/a逐渐降低到0.457 0 mm/a,腐蚀缺陷逐渐减小,产物膜结构由稀松多孔逐渐转为致密。结论 由于O₂具有强氧化性及去极化效应,导致在产物中出现Fe的高价氧化物,结构疏松多孔。另一方面,H_2...     

温度对旅大5-2油田热水驱回注管线腐蚀的影响规律

采用高温高压腐蚀试验,研究了温度对旅大5-2油田热水驱回注管线腐蚀行为的影响,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪,分析了温度对管线腐蚀的影响机理。结果表明：在60～260℃范围内,管线的腐蚀速率随着温度的升高先增加后减小,峰值出现在150℃,不同温度下管线的腐蚀速率均超过0.076 mm/a的标准值;不同温度下形成的腐蚀产物膜差异较大,在60～110℃下腐蚀产物很少,在130℃及150℃下形成了Ca_0.1Mg_0.33Fe_0.57(CO₃),产物较多、较为疏松,在180℃下产物膜为Ca_0.1Mg_0.33Fe_0.57(CO₃),分为致密底层和疏松表层;在260℃下形成了较致密的薄层CaCO₃产物膜。     

流速对CO2/O2环境中L485钢腐蚀行为的影响

为研究CO₂/O₂共存环境中流速对L485钢腐蚀行为的影响,在高温高压动态反应釜中进行模拟腐蚀试验,测试L485钢的均匀腐蚀速率,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法观测腐蚀产物的微观形貌和成分。结果表明：CO₂/O₂共存体系中,随着流速的增大L485钢的均匀腐蚀速率逐渐增大,且表面呈现由局部腐蚀向均匀腐蚀转变的特点;CO₂/O₂共存体系中L485钢的腐蚀产物为Fe₂O₃、FeOOH、Fe(OH)₃、Fe₃O₄、FeCO₃。     

含铜低合金耐磨钢在盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为

对含铜和不含铜实验钢在中性盐雾试验箱中连续喷雾120、240、480和720 h,研究了在盐雾环境下Cu对低合金耐磨钢耐腐蚀性能的影响规律,通过失重法计算腐蚀速率,并利用XRD和SEM对腐蚀产物进行表征,利用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 对比分析Cu在低合金耐磨钢腐蚀过程中起到的作用。结果表明：低合金耐磨钢的腐蚀产物主要包括γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH、Fe₃O₄、γ-Fe₂O₃,前期腐蚀产物疏松多孔,后期产物致密难剥落,腐蚀速率先升高后下降,含铜实验钢的腐蚀速率明显低于不含铜实验钢,添加Cu后,实验钢的自腐蚀电位上升,阻抗谱容抗弧增大,电荷转移难度增加,说明Cu能有效降低实验钢腐蚀速率,增强其耐腐蚀性能。     

红壤中变电站接地网金属材料的腐蚀行为分析

采用扫描电镜 (SEM)、能谱 (EDS) 和X 射线衍射 (XRD) 等技术对红壤中变电站接地网服役长达13 a的镀锌扁钢进行了形貌分析和腐蚀产物分析。结果表明,该镀锌扁钢受到严重腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要由FeOOH,Fe₃O₄和Fe₂O₃等组成,腐蚀产物分层的原因是新生成的腐蚀产物沉积在金属/腐蚀产物层界面或腐蚀产物开裂处,同时S和Cl对内层腐蚀产物具有较大的影响。Tafel测试结果表明,在腐蚀电流峰值附近,SO₄^2-与Cl^-的百分比为1∶2时,两者对镀锌Q235碳钢在该红壤中的腐蚀性影响具有等效作用。通过室内加速实验模拟镀锌Q235碳钢在该红壤中的腐蚀发现,镀锌Q235碳钢的腐蚀速率呈现先增大后减小的规律,该加速实验在未改变镀锌Q235碳钢腐蚀机理的同时具有较好的加速效果。     

Corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in FeCl3 solution

The corrosion behavior of pure aluminum in FeCl₃ solution was investigated mainly by in-situ AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). The results of combined researches of AFM, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-ray) show that in addition to uniform attack, pitting corrosion takes place also on pure aluminum surface in FeCl₃ solution at open-circuit potential, and impurity elements Fe and Cu are found enriched in corrosion product. In-situ AFM was also used to examine the initiation and development of pitting corrosion of pure aluminum induced by potentiodynamic sweep, and the repassivation of an active pit is observed. AFM tip scratching technique was used to produce a physical defect on metal surface, which is traced by in-situ AFM and it is found that the defect is likely to be preferentially attacked and evolve to pitting corrosion.     

Characterization of Corrosion Behavior of Irradiated X65 Low Carbon Steel in Aerobic and Unsaturated Gaomiaozi Bentonite

2.98 kGy/h(1007 h) gamma irradiation and 90 ℃(2000 h) thermal aging were exerted to X65 grade low carbon steel buried in Gaomiaozi bentonite containing 17 wt% Beishan groundwater. The average corrosion rate of X65 low carbon steel was measured. The elemental and phase distribution on cross section was characterized by using electron probe micro-analysis, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and micro-X-ray diffraction. The following conclusions can be made: the average aerobic corrosion rate of the carbon steel is(45.16 ± 1.53) μm/year. Taking the original surface as boundary, the corrosion scale is divided into an internal dense product layer(DPL) mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated FeCO_3 at the corrosion front and an external DPL mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated α-Fe_2O_3 and bentonite at some relics.Si, S, and Cl are concentrated at the corrosion front of the internal DPL, while Si and Al are concentrated at the external DPL.     

纯铜在碱性土壤中的腐蚀行为

采用室内加速腐蚀实验和电化学测试方法,结合腐蚀产物SEM和XRD分析,研究了纯铜接地材料在碱性土壤中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在碱性土壤中纯铜具有明显的钝化特征,表面形成了一层由CuO、Cu₂O和CuSO₄·H₂O组成的均匀致密的腐蚀产物,腐蚀产物将腐蚀性离子与基体金属隔离,抑制氧的扩散,对基体金属起到良好的保护作用。     

Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of As-Cast Mg-Zn-Y and Mg-Zn-Gd Alloys

Rare earth (RE) elements have large solid solubility in magnesium and are widely used to regulate the microstructure and property of advanced magnesium alloys. However, different kinds of RE elements have different effects on microstructure and property of the alloy. In this study, a Mg-Zn-Y alloy and a Mg-Zn-Gd alloy with alloying elements of the same atomic percentage were designed to clarify the effect of yttrium (Y) and gadolinium (Gd) on the corrosion behavior of as-cast MgZn₂Y_2.66 and MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloys. The results show that the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase, while MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase and (Mg, Gd)₃Zn phase (W phase). Generally speaking, the corrosion phenomena of the two alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution are similar. In the early stages of exposure, the alloys underwent uniform corrosion at a relatively low corrosion rate. With prolonged exposure, localized corrosion became dominated and the corrosion rate was greatly increased. However, the corrosion rate of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy, in terms of the corrosion current density, is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the MgZn₂Gd_2.66 alloy. The high corrosion resistance of the MgZn₂Y_2.66 alloy is mainly attributed to the presence of LPSO phase in form of continuous networks and the relatively high corrosion resistance of the corrosion product layer on the alloy.     

P91和Super304H钢表面涂覆NaCl在高温水蒸汽中的腐蚀行为

在海洋性大气中,沉积在金属构件表面的NaCl在高温环境中可能导致金属加速腐蚀。在600 °C NaCl和水蒸汽环境中,研究了P91钢和Super304H钢的腐蚀行为。采用XRD,SEM/EDS对腐蚀产物膜相组成和形貌进行了分析。结果表明,P91钢和Super304H钢均表现为失重,受到严重腐蚀。样品表面的腐蚀产物层中有大量裂纹和孔洞,导致腐蚀产物大量剥落。P91钢表面腐蚀产物主要由Fe₂O₃组成。Super304H钢由 (Fe,Cr,Ni)₃O₄和NiO组成。由于Cr₂O₃膜在NaCl和高温水蒸汽中受到严重破坏,两种合金均遭到严重腐蚀,含Cr量较高的Super304H钢比P91钢腐蚀更严重,且有明显的晶间腐蚀发生。     

Microstructure and Nano-hardness of Pure Copper and ODS Copper Alloy under Au Ions Irradiation at Room Temperature

The microstructure and nano-hardness of the pure copper and oxide dispersion-strengthened(ODS) copper alloy subjected to 1.4 Me V Au ions irradiation at room temperature were investigated. After irradiation, dislocation-loops form in both materials, while voids can only be generated in the pure copper. Compared with the irradiated pure copper, larger average diameter and lower number density of irradiation-induced dislocation-loops were detected in the ODS copper alloy, revealing that high-density dislocation and large volume of Al_2O_3 particles existing in the ODS copper alloy can act as effective sinks for the irradiation-induced defects. It was also detected that irradiation hardening in the ODS copper alloy is lower than that in the pure copper. The microstructure and nano-hardness results reveal that the ODS copper alloy has a better irradiation tolerance than the pure copper. In addition, the average diameter of the Al_2O_3 particles in the ODS copper alloy decreases after irradiation, because the Al–O chemical bonds are decomposed and the atoms are redistributed in the matrix during the irradiation process. This work reveals that the irradiation tolerance of the copper can be effectively enhanced by adding nano-sized Al_2O_3 particles into the matrix.     

LY12铝合金的长期大气腐蚀行为

通过5种典型大气环境下为期20年的现场暴露试验,研究了LY12 铝合金在我国长期大气腐蚀的规律和行为。结果表明,LY12在湿热的万宁和琼海分别暴露6年和10年后就发生了剥蚀,暴露20年后几乎丧失了力学性能,而在北京暴露20年后未出现剥蚀,仍保持良好的力学性能。LY12在大气污染物较多的江津和青岛腐蚀失重较大,在北京的腐蚀失重最小。剥蚀发生之前,LY12的腐蚀失重随暴露时间的变化遵循幂函数C=KTⁿ。剥落腐蚀产物中除Al屑之外主要为γ-Al(OH)₃和α-Al₂O₃．3H₂O。