New rating methods to prioritize customer requirements in QFD with incomplete customer preferences

Customer satisfaction is one of the critical success factors to many leading companies over the world. Quality function deployment (QFD) has gained extensive international support as one of the powerful techniques to increase the customer satisfaction. In the QFD, correctly rating the final importance of customer requirements (CRs) is a crucial and essential process since it largely affects the target value setting of design requirements. The final importance ratings of CRs are generally determined by combining relative importance ratings and competitive priority ratings. However, determining the final importance ratings is very difficult due to the typical uncertainty or imprecision of customer’s judgment (or perceptions). This paper proposes a novel approach to prioritize CRs in QFD process by developing two sets of new rating methods, called customer preference rating (CPR) method and customer satisfaction rating (CSR) method, for relative importance ratings and competitive priority ratings, respectively. The CPR method provides a simple and intuitive technique to capture the customers’ incomplete or uncertain perceptions on the relative importance of CRs based on their own preferences, allowing them to give a partial ordering of CRs. The CSR method constructs the customer satisfaction model based on the competitive benchmarking analysis and then evaluates the performance quality of company product using our satisfaction and uncertainty measure. Furthermore, the CSR method is integrated with the Kano’s model to capture the different impacts of CRs on customer satisfaction. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated with a numerical example of car door design problem.     

质量功能展开中顾客需求自动映射

为了降低人员经验与流动性对设计进度与有效性造成的负面影响,提出基于质量功能展开的顾客需求自动转换模型.首先,分析质量功能展开中的顾客需求转换.然后,基于质量功能展开提出顾客需求自动转换系统模型.根据产品创新程度的不同,设计演进式搜索模式和创新式搜索模式,通过引入灰色关联度和Apriori算法,在知识库中展开不同模式的搜索,将顾客需求自动映射到功能技术特性上.最后,开发顾客需求的自动映射系统,并通过实例验证了系统的可行性.     

模糊回归理论在QFD系统建模中的应用研究

针对QFD规划过程的内在模糊性,把模糊回归理沦应用于QFD的规划过程,建立了确定顾客需求与工程特性之间的关联函数及工程特性之间自相关函数的数学方法,进而建立了一个QFD的产品规划模型。该方法适合于各种工程设计问题,尤其是在不确定的、模糊的条件下,能够有效地确定关联函数及自相关函数,帮助开发人员优化顾客需求的满意水平,使顾客对产品满意度最大。     

质量功能展开中顾客需求的排序算法

研究了基于粗糙集的质量功能展开中顾客需求的排序问题.针对质量功能展开的顾客调查中需求不确定、不完备、不分明和模糊等非结构性特质,利用粗糙集中不完备信息系统的有关方法,提出了产品规划质量屋中顾客需求的确定方法.利用粗糙集中完备信息系统的多属性决策方法,确定了产品规划质量屋中上述顾客需求的基本重要度.基于卡诺模型的分析,提出了实现顾客需求竞争位次改进增量的重要性计算公式,进而确定了基本重要度的修正因子.基于顾客需求的基本重要度与其修正因子的合成,确定了顾客需求的最终重要度.最后,通过实例说明了所提方法的应用.     

基于模糊信息公理的产品功能需求优化方案选择

采用质量功能展开将顾客需求及重要度转化为产品功能需求及其重要度, 以信息公理为依据,选择信息量最小的功能需求配置方案。采用三角模糊数处理不确定性的质量功能展开信息,采用相对偏好关系分析进行质量功能展开计算,运用模糊信息公理计算定性功能需求的信息量。考虑功能需求间的非线性补偿关系,以总信息量最小化为目标建立0-1非线性规划模型。最后以某装载机功能需求方案规划为例,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

Evaluation and decision of products conceptual design schemes based on customer requirements

Within the competitive market environment, understanding customer requirements is crucial for all corporations to obtain market share and survive competition. Only the products exactly meeting customer requirements can win in the market place. Therefore, customer requirements play a very important role in the evaluation and decision process of conceptual design schemes of products. In this paper, an evaluation and decision method based on customer requirements is presented. It utilizes the importance of customer requirements, the satisfaction degree of each evaluation metric to the specification, and an evaluation metric which models customer requirements to evaluate the satisfaction degree of each design scheme to specific customer requirements via the proposed BP neural networks. In the evaluation and decision process, fuzzy sets are used to describe the importance of customer requirements, the relationship between customer requirements and evaluation metrics, the satisfaction degree of each scheme to customer requirements, and the crisp set is used to describe the satisfaction degree of each metric to specifications. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by an example of front suspension fork design of mountain bikes.     

基于Apriori算法的顾客需求自动映射研究

针对产品设计中顾客需求到产品功能技术特性的转化凭借设计者经验来完成的问题,通过计算机技术改善由于人员经验与流动性对设计进度与有效性造成的负面影响,提出基于质量功能展开(QFD,Quality Function Development)的顾客需求自动转换模型.首先,分析QFD中的顾客需求转换;接着,基于QFD提出适应产品创新设计的顾客需求自动搜索模式,通过引入Apriori算法,在知识库中展开搜索,将顾客需求自动映射到功能技术特性.最后,开发顾客需求自动映射系统,并通过实例验证系统的可行性.     

A decision model for setting target levels in quality function deployment using nonlinear programming-based fuzzy regression and optimization

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented design tool for developing new or improved products and services to increase customer satisfaction. The inherent fuzziness of functional relationships between customer requirements and engineering characteristics, and among engineering characteristics in QFD modeling justifies the use of fuzzy regression. However, when linear programming is used in fuzzy regression, spread values of regression coefficients tend to approach zero. In order to overcome this problem, this paper employs a nonlinear-programming-based fuzzy regression approach to model functional relationships in product planning. Then, a fuzzy mathematical programming model is developed to determine target levels of engineering characteristics using the functional relationships obtained from fuzzy regression. Fuzzy mathematical programming model enables to account for the spread values as well as the center values of the parameter estimates of the functional relationships. A washing machine quality improvement problem is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.     

Applying CBR to machine tool product configuration design oriented to customer requirements

Product customization is a trend in the current market-oriented manufacturing environment. However, deduction from customer requirements to design results and evaluation of design alternatives are still heavily reliant on the designer’s experience and knowledge. To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of customer requirements in product configuration, an analysis method based on the grey rough model is presented. The customer requirements can be converted into technical characteristics effectively. In addition, an optimization decision model for product planning is established to help the enterprises select the key technical characteristics under the constraints of cost and time to serve the customer to maximal satisfaction. A new case retrieval approach that combines the self-organizing map and fuzzy similarity priority ratio method is proposed in case-based design. The self-organizing map can reduce the retrieval range and increase the retrieval efficiency, and the fuzzy similarity priority ratio method can evaluate the similarity of cases comprehensively. To ensure that the final case has the best overall performance, an evaluation method of similar cases based on grey correlation analysis is proposed to evaluate similar cases to select the most suitable case. Furthermore, a computer-aided system is developed using MATLAB GUI to assist the product configuration design. The actual example and result on an ETC series machine tool product show that the proposed method is effective, rapid and accurate in the process of product configuration. The proposed methodology provides a detailed instruction for the product configuration design oriented to customer requirements.     

质量功能展开中顾客需求的最终重要度确定方法

提出了一种基于粗糙集的质量功能展开中顾客需求的最终重要度确定方法.根据粗糙集中相对正域的方法,构建了顾客需求的基本重要度获取模型.通过引进顾客需求竞争位次的计划改进增量、实际改进增量和可能性因子等概念来表征企业改进产品竞争力的意愿,进而提出了基本重要度的修正因子计算公式.基于顾客需求的基本重要度与其修正因子的合成,确定了顾客需求的最终重要度.最后,通过实例说明了该方法的应用.     

基于Kano模型的用户需求重要度调整方法研究

为了使产品获得用户最大满意度,提出了一种基于Kano模型的用户需求重要度调整方法。在该方法中,使用调查表获得用户对产品各种质量的意见,并加以统计和分析,得到产品基本质量、工作质量和惊喜质量的分类。据此,建立了用户满意度与产品质量之间的函数关系,在函数关系中定义一个调整系数k,用来调整质量功能配置中3种类型用户需求的重要度。调查用户对产品质量的满意度以及专业人员对产品质量的评价,获得产品基本质量、工作质量和惊喜质量的调整系数;给出质量功能配置实施过程中的用户需求重要度调整过程。最后,以打火机为例,验证了调整方法的正确性。     

质量功能配置的多目标规划模型

提出了一个质量功能配置的多目标规划模型，它能够辅助产品开发人员作出有效的决策，使所设计的产品在有限的资源约束下能最大限度地满足顾客需求。该模型充分利用了质量屋中各个组成部分的信息，能够权衡、优化质量屋中存在的各种矛盾和冲突。实例研究表明，该模型是可行的和有效的     

产品评论数据驱动的质量功能展开客户需求挖掘

针对现有质量功能展开(QFD)客户需求及其权重研究所含主观因素较多,从而造成QFD分析结果客观性较差的问题,提出一种产品评论数据驱动的QFD客户需求挖掘方法.首先提出了基于关注度隐含狄利克雷分布模型完成主题提取,利用Word2Vec相似度匹配形成客户需求集合.然后基于发明问题的解决理论(TRIZ)的需求映射模型,形成了...     

质量功能展开中基于二元语义的顾客需求重要度的确定

为满足顾客的质量需求,提出了一种基于二元语义的质量功能展开中顾客需求的最终重要度确定方法.针对顾客表达信息的模糊性和不确定性,引入近年来最新发展的二元语义表示语言评价信息,在综合顾客需求方面,考虑了语言表达的多粒度多语义的情况,然后通过二元语义算子进行集结计算,从而确定顾客需求的基本重要度.同时,利用市场竞争性评估和竞争目标,对基本重要度进行修正,进而确定顾客需求的最终重要度.最后,通过实例说明了本文所提方法的有效性.     

基于TRIZ的产品需求获取研究

为提高客户需求信息获取的准确性和有效性,提出了以产品内部功能需求分析为基础获取客户需求的方法。建立了基于创新问题解决理论的技术系统演化规律,通过对已有产品功能单元的修改和进化设计,以技术推动的方式来进行产品需求获取的分析框架模型。最后,给出了案例,案例分析验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于顾客满意的企业资源配置决策优化模型

将质量功能展开的分析方法引入顾客满意度优化研究中,通过质量屋中矩阵图表的形式描述了顾客满意需求与企业资源配置要素之间的关联关系,并对此进行量化分析.通过定义资源配置要素配置率的概念,来解决顾客满意度和资源配置多因素间由于量纲不同导致组合优化困难的问题,建立了基于质量功能展开的顾客满意度优化决策模型.通过算例分析,说明了所建模型的有效性和合理性,解决了企业资源配置过程中实施顾客满意战略的多因素多目标的规划问题,实现了企业资源配置成本与顾客满意度的双赢目标.     

基于QFD的摩托车设计需求转换应用

质量功能配置(QFD)是一种把顾客需求转换为功能技术特性的有力工具。在转换过程中,顾客需求、顾客需求权重以及功能特性之间的关联性等大多是模糊数。针对摩托车产品设计的特点,以QFD方法的质量屋展开过程为纲领建立其工程模型,对顾客需求向产品的功能性能参数的转换进行分析研究,并在分析过程中应用一种基于量化的影响性分析方法,将定性分析和定量研究有机结合,为处理设计过程中的复杂性与不确定性问题提供了有效、科学的依据,具有实用价值。     

面向多样性和绿色性需求满意的产品配置设计

以优化客户对绿色产品的满意程度为目标,在构建绿色产品的客户满意度模型和配置过程模型的基础上,提出一种面向多样性及绿色性需求满意的产品配置设计方法。采用模块化思想和通用物料清单方法建立了绿色产品结构模型,并利用环境化质量功能配置方法实现客户需求、绿色产品特性与绿色模块类特性的映射转化;结合生命周期评价的思路与方法,分析模块类实例生命周期各阶段的绿色特性,在对分析结果进行处理的基础上,建立面向多样性及绿色性需求满意程度最大化的绿色产品配置优化模型。以食品搅拌机为例,验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

Integration of Kano’s Model into quality function deployment (QFD)

Viability of a product or service in the market depends upon the satisfaction that it can extend to its customers through quality. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a tool that gathers voice of customer (VoC) and inducting the expected features in the final product. It is also desirable that the practitioners of QFD must extend due importance to latent expectations of the customers, which in turn may fulfill overall customer satisfaction for a product or service. Kano et al. (J Jpn Soc Qual Control, 14:39–48, 1984; 1996) and Kano (2001) have suggested a method to identify the different categories of requirements through customer responses. Based on the QFD and Kano model analysis, a function has been proposed to adjust the traditional improvement ratio (Tan and Shen, Total Qual Manag 11:1141–1151, 2000) for each product or service attribute to recognize the importance of a attribute, which can be helpful in developing a product or service in such a manner that maximum customer satisfaction can be achieved. The proposed methodology has been illustrated using customer survey data.     

质量功能展开中顾客需求重要度确定的粗糙层次分析法

为满足顾客的质量需求,在融合层次分析法与基于粗糙集理论提出的粗糙数和粗糙区间两个新概念的基础上,提出了一种质量功能展开中顾客需求重要度确定的粗糙层次分析法。该方法用粗糙数和粗糙边界区间来表征顾客需求的含糊性和不确定性,并构造出粗糙群决策矩阵和粗糙成对比较矩阵,通过求解粗糙成对比较矩阵的特征值和特征向量,得到顾客需求基本重要度。根据市场竞争性分析的结果,对顾客需求基本重要度进行了适当修正,确定了顾客需求最终重要度。最后,通过实例分析了该方法的可行性。