AZ80镁合金与异种合金的电偶腐蚀研究

在3.5%NaCl溶液中将AZ80镁合金与石墨、铝合金、锌合金、铜合金、Q235碳钢偶合进行电偶腐蚀。在电偶腐蚀过程中测量溶液pH值及电偶电流,用失重法计算AZ80镁合金的电偶腐蚀速率,并用XRD分析腐蚀产物成分。结果表明:3.5%NaCl溶液的pH升高并在10.5左右达到平稳且腐蚀产物以Mg(OH)2为主;电偶腐蚀加快AZ80镁合金腐蚀;电偶对阴阳面积比越大,AZ80镁合金电偶腐蚀越严重。     

AZ91D镁合金电偶腐蚀的扫描Kelvin探针研究

利用扫描Kelvin探针技术(SKP)研究AZ91D镁合金与316L不锈钢偶接件在盐雾试验中电偶腐蚀规律。通过在中性盐雾试验不同周期的表面腐蚀形貌的观察和伏打电位分布图的测量结果分析表明,AZ91D镁合金电偶腐蚀效应与偶接阴阳极的伏打电位差密切相关,AZ91D镁合金与316L不锈钢偶接件存在较大的电位差(约为–1.28V),其电偶腐蚀效应非常显著。在盐雾试验初始阶段,腐蚀主要发生在偶接界面AZ91D镁合金一侧,该腐蚀区域的伏打电位增加幅度较大,而316L不锈钢受到保护没有发生明显腐蚀。随着盐雾试验时间的延长,AZ91D镁合金腐蚀加快,腐蚀产物覆盖区域不断扩大,24h盐雾试验后,偶接件的平均伏打单位差由原始的–1.29V增加到–1.53V,AZ91D镁合金的电偶腐蚀效应加大。由于AZ91D镁合金在盐雾中生成的腐蚀产物对基体具有一定的保护作用,当腐蚀产物不断增加并覆盖表面,偶接件的电位差减小导致AZ91D镁合金的电偶腐蚀效应降低。     

钛-碳钢在模拟海水溶液中电偶腐蚀与缝隙腐蚀的耦合作用机制研究

目的 探究TA2-Q235在模拟海水溶液中的电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀及电偶缝隙耦合作用机制,为钛钢复合板在海洋工程结构中的应用设计提供理论指导,提升工程构件使用寿命。方法 通过测量极化曲线、阴阳极开路电位,探究Q235和TA2在电偶腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀及电偶缝隙耦合时阴阳极的极化行为。通过电偶腐蚀测量仪,测量电偶电流,通过腐蚀质量损失,表征阳极金属溶解速率。利用SEM观察微观腐蚀形貌,评价阳极金属腐蚀程度及表面腐蚀产物膜状态。结果 腐蚀介质为中性3.5%NaCl时,单独Q235的自腐蚀电流密度为35.5μA/cm²,呈现均匀腐蚀形貌。Q235与TA2偶接时,耦合电位接近Q235自腐蚀电位,测得平均电偶电流密度为40.5μA/cm²,TA2对Q235阳极溶解加速效应较弱。Q235缝隙样品的缝隙内外不存在电位差,缝内因为供氧不足,阴极反应受到抑制,腐蚀程度小于缝外;TA2-Q235电偶缝隙耦合时,缝内Q235的腐蚀速率低于自腐蚀速率。结论 TA2-Q235电偶与缝隙耦合时,缝隙内缺氧对Q235阴极反应的抑制效应大于TA2电偶对Q235阳极反应的促进效应,使缝...     

触变成型镁合金AZ91D在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

用失重法、金相显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了金属型铸造镁合金AZ91D和触变成型镁合金AZ91D在3．5％NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为与组织之间的关系。结果显示：触变成型镁合金的耐蚀性高于金属型铸造镁合金是因为微观组织的不同所致。在腐蚀初期，触变成型镁合金内层试样腐蚀速率高于表层试样，这是由于表层组织中的卢相含量高于内层组织；随腐蚀进行，腐蚀速率基本一致腐蚀主要发生在阳极（共晶α相和α相）区域，卢相作为电偶腐蚀的阴极。电偶对的腐蚀电位、相对位置和面积比是影响触变成型镁合金腐蚀速率的主要因素。     

碳钢/Ti和碳钢/Ti/海军黄铜在海水中电偶腐蚀的研究

采用动电位极化技术及失重法研究Q235B碳钢/TA2钛和Q235B碳钢/TA2钛/海军黄铜在海水中的电偶腐蚀规律.测定了Q235B碳钢、TA2钛和海军黄铜在海水中的自然腐蚀电位、腐蚀速率和稳态极化曲线,测定了不同面积比时电偶对电偶电流的大小、方向,电偶电位以及电偶对阳极和阴极的失重速率,由电偶对不同面积比的数据得到Q235B碳钢被Ti电偶极化的动态极化曲线.结果表明,阳极的腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大而增加;阳极腐蚀速率随阴/阳极面积比的增大有一个极限值,即当阴/阳极面积比大于这个极限值时,阳极腐蚀速率不再增加.这三种金属构成的电偶对,海军黄铜是这个系统的阴极,受到碳钢的保护.     

AZ91D镁合金和2002铝合金在0.5 mg/L NaCl溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学方法和表面分析技术研究了AZ91D镁合金与2002铝合金在0.5 mg/L NaCl溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为。对于镁合金,耦合后始终为阳极,腐蚀电位正移,腐蚀速率增加,这可能归结为它们之间的电偶效应显著加速了其阴极过程。对于铝合金,耦合后始终为阴极,腐蚀电位也正移,腐蚀速率增加,这可能归结为它们之间的电偶效应抑制了其表面钝化膜的形成。随着浸泡时间的延长,它们之间的耦合电位先正移后逐渐负移,电偶电流密度先增加后减小,最后逐渐增加并达到相对稳定的状态。为汽车发动机材料的选择、设计及其电偶腐蚀的抑制提供基本理论依据。     

Q235-304L电偶对在Na2S溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为研究

用电化学法和浸泡法研究了Q235-304L电偶对在3种不同浓度的Na2S溶液中的电偶腐蚀行为,用SEM观察试样的表面形貌.结果表明:在3种溶液中Q235钢的阳极过程均为混合控制,而304L的阴阳极过程均为电化学控制;偶接后Q235钢表面阳极金属的溶解过程与阴极过程同时进行,其阳极溶解电流大于电偶电流值;电偶腐蚀效应随阴阳极面积比的增大而增大;随着S2-浓度的升高,电偶对中Q235钢的腐蚀速率减小,电偶腐蚀效应也随之降低.     

Mg-Al系和Mg-RE系合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

采用盐水浸泡法和电化学方法研究AZ91D镁合金和稀土镁合金Mg-3.0Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr(NZK)在5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:NZK的腐蚀速率仅为AZ91D镁合金的1/2,这主要是由于NZK中阴阳极之间的电位差和阴阳极面积比小于AZ91D的所致;AZ91D的腐蚀主要集中在局部区域,形成较深的腐蚀坑,而NZK的腐蚀沿合金表面进行,形成比较均匀的浅腐蚀区域;NZK的腐蚀电位低于AZ91D的腐蚀电位; NZK稀土镁合金的耐点蚀能力高于AZ91D的.     

镁合金大气电偶腐蚀初期规律

研究了AZ91D、AM50、AM60铸造镁合金与A3钢、316L不锈钢、H62黄铜、LY12铝合金组成的电偶对分别在青岛和武汉现场暴晒3个月和6个月后的大气电偶腐蚀行为及规律.结果显示, 镁合金始终是电偶对的阳极; 当其与其它4种材料偶接时, 其腐蚀速率增加.镁合金与A3钢偶合后, 其大气电偶腐蚀效应最大, 而与LY12铝合金组成的电偶对的大气电偶腐蚀效应最小.不同镁合金的大气电偶腐蚀效应存在如下关系: γAZ91D>γAM50>γAM60.暴晒3个月后, 青岛的大气电偶腐蚀效应明显高于武汉的大气电偶腐蚀效应.随着暴晒时间的延长, 青岛和武汉的大气电偶腐蚀效应分别呈降低和升高的趋势.     

模拟大气环境中加速镁合金电偶腐蚀的研究

研究了压铸镁合金AZ91D分别与黄铜、铝合金、316L不锈钢和A3钢组成的电偶在模拟的大气环境即盐雾和湿热的加速腐蚀试验中的电偶腐蚀行为及规律.结果表明:在此气相环境中，镁合金腐蚀倾向显著;多种因素可以加速镁合金的电偶腐蚀；盐雾实验中，盐的浓度、大阴极小阳极的面积比以及阴极材料相对于镁阳极的尺寸是加速镁合金电偶腐蚀的重要因素.      

Simulation of galvanic corrosion of magnesium coupled to a steel fastener in NaCl solution

The galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D coupled to a steel fastener was studied using a boundary element method (BEM) model and experimental measurements. The BEM model used the measured polarization curves as boundary conditions. The experimental program involved measuring the total corrosion rate as a function of distance from the interface of the magnesium in the form of a sheet containing a mild steel circular insert (5 to 30 mm in diameter). The measured total corrosion rate was interpreted as due to galvanic corrosion plus self corrosion. For a typical case, the self corrosion was estimated typically to be ～ 230 mm/y for an area surrounding the interface and to a distance of about 1 cm from the interface. Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) revealed microgalvanic cells with potential differences of approximately 100 mV across the AZ91D surface. These microgalvanic cells may influence the relative contributions of galvanic and self corrosion to the total corrosion of AZ91D.     

Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with an aluminium alloy, steel and zinc

An investigation was carried out into the galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with zinc, aluminium alloy A380 and 4150 steel. Specially designed test panels were used to measure galvanic currents under salt spray conditions. It was found that the distributions of the galvanic current densities on AZ91D and on the cathodes were different. An insulating spacer between the AZ91D anode and the cathodes could not eliminate galvanic corrosion. Steel was the worst cathode and aluminium the least aggressive to AZ91D. Corrosion products from the anode and cathodes appeared to be able to affect the galvanic corrosion process through an “alkalisation”, “passivation”, “poisoning” effect or “shortcut” effect.     

Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys

The corrosion behaviours of four kinds of rolled magnesium alloys of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 were studied in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The results of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the four materials is ranked as ZK60＞AM60＞AZ31＞AZ91. The corrosion processes of the four magnesium alloys were also analyzed by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that the corrosion patterns of the four alloys are localized corrosion and the galvanic couples formed by the second phase particles and the matrix are the main source of the localized corrosion of magnesium alloys. The corrosion resistance of the different magnesium alloys has direct relationship with the concentration of alloying elements and microstructure of magnesium alloys. The ratio of the β phase in AZ91 is higher than that in AZ31 and the β phase can form micro-galvanic cell with the alloy matrix, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 will be higher than AZ91. The manganese element in AM60 magnesium alloy can form the second phase particle of AlMnFe, which can reduce the Fe content in magnesium alloy matrix, purifying the microstructure of alloy, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AM60 is improved. However, due to the more noble galvanic couples of AlMnFe and matrix, the microscopic corrosion morphology of AM60 is more localized. The zirconium element in ZK60 magnesium alloy can refine grain, form stable compounds with Fe and Si, and purify the composition of alloy, which results in the good corrosion resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

Corrosion of magnesium alloys in commercial engine coolants

A number of magnesium alloys show promise as engine block materials. However, a critical issue for the automotive industry is corrosion of the engine block by the coolant and this could limit the use of magnesium engine blocks. This work assesses the corrosion performance of conventional magnesium alloy AZ91D and a recently developed engine block magnesium alloy AM‐SC1 in several commercial coolants. Immersion testing, hydrogen evolution measurement, galvanic current monitoring and the standard ASTM D1384 test were employed to reveal the corrosion performance of the magnesium alloys subjected to the coolants. The results show that the tested commercial coolants are corrosive to the magnesium alloys in terms of general and galvanic corrosion. The two magnesium alloys exhibited slightly different corrosion resistance to the coolants with AZ91D being more corrosion resistant than AM‐SC1. The corrosivity varied from coolant to coolant. Generally speaking, an organic‐acid based long life coolant was less corrosive to the magnesium alloys than a traditional coolant. Among the studied commercial coolants, Toyota long life coolant appeared to be the most promising one. In addition, it was found that potassium fluoride effectively inhibited corrosion of the magnesium alloys in the studied commercial coolants. Both general and galvanic corrosion rates were significantly decreased by addition of KF, and there were no evident side effects on the other engine block materials, such as copper, solder, brass, steel and aluminium alloys, in terms of their corrosion performance. The ASTM D 1384 test further confirmed these results and suggested that Toyota long life coolant with 1%wt KF addition is a promising coolant for magnesium engine blocks.     

Corrosion behaviour of Sn-containing oxide layer on AZ91D alloy formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Corrosion phenomenon of magnesium alloys is one of the limits for using magnesium alloys in automotive and aerospace industries. The aim of this study is the development of Sn-containing protective oxide coating by a simple plasma electrolytic oxidation in KOH/KF/Na₃PO₄ electrolyte on AZ91D magnesium alloy in galvanostatic mode. The film morphology and composition were analysed by SEM coupled with EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. In the oxide, tin is mainly incorporated as crystallised MgSn(OH)₆ compound in the layer. The main properties of Sn-containing oxide coating on AZ91D are both keeping the corrosion rate at open-circuit conditions at an acceptable value, and providing a sufficient passivation plateau to reduce the pitting sensibility. The lather characteristic, revealed by pitting tests, addresses the major drawback of magnesium alloys which often undergo important galvanic coupling in service. Consequently, the addition of low stannate concentration in the electrolyte to form Sn-rich anodic oxide on magnesium alloys represents an interesting way to synthesize protective coatings by PEO in a short time of anodization.     

Effect of flow velocity on corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy at elbow of loop system

A loop system was used to investigate the effect of flow velocity on corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy at an elbow of loop system based on array electrode technology by polarization, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and surface analysis. The experimental results showed that the corrosion rate increased with increasing flow velocity, and a critical flow velocity could exist in the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy. When flow velocity exceeded the critical flow velocity, fluid hydrodynamics was dominant in the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy. On the contrary, the electrochemical factors were dominant.     

AZ91D镁合金手汗腐蚀机理研究 I.手汗模拟液中AZ91 D镁合金腐蚀的动力学规律

通过建立简易气体收集装置 ,研究了手汗液中不同组分对AZ91D合金的侵蚀性以及对合金表面析氢动力学过程的影响规律 .发现手汗液各成分对镁合金的腐蚀具有不同的侵蚀作用 ,其中尿素对镁合金的腐蚀具有一定的缓蚀作用 ,而乳酸和NaCl则是较强的侵蚀性介质 ,且当乳酸与NaCl共存时 ,具有最强的侵蚀性 .各成分单独存在时 ,合金表面析氢动力学过程满足不同的函数关系 ,在纯水和尿素体系 ,满足logistic关系式 ;在乳酸和NaCl体系 ,满足多项式关系 .手汗液各成分对合金的不同侵蚀作用规律是导致动力学曲线不同的主要原因 .     

镁及镁合金在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究了纯Mg、AZ31和AZ91D镁合金在pH=12,浓度为5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,从腐蚀形貌和腐蚀速率等方面对其进行了定性和定量描述,并对其腐蚀杌理进行了探讨.随着腐蚀时间的延长,纯Mg,AZ31和AZ91D镁合金的腐蚀速率呈现出先急剧减小再缓慢降低,最后达到一个稳定值的趋势.同时,随着合金中Al含量的提高,镁合金腐蚀速率降低,因此AZ91D镁合金表现出比AZ31镁合金更好的耐腐蚀性能.