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Functionally graded rubber compounds (FGRCs) were prepared by construction based method. The matrix used was natural rubber (NR). Amorphous carbon black (N‐330) was used as grading material. The gradation of nanoparticles in a rectangular geometry comprised the variation of particle volume fraction along thickness direction. Its performance was evaluated for structural application through various mechanical and surface properties like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, elongation at break, hardness, fracture surface by scanning electron microscopy, etc. At the same percentage of nanofiller loading, FGRCs show enhanced properties, i.e., modulus and tear strength (in some grades) compared to uniformly dispersed rubber compounds (UDRCs). Modulus of FGRCs, for a given particular stacking sequence of the layers, increases as much as by 275% compared to UDRCs. The ultimate properties like tensile strength and elongation at break made up for the modulus enhancement that decreases to as minimum as 50 and 80%, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
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P. P. Kundu 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2000,75(6):735-739
Vegetable oil has been added in small amount to the rubber compound during mixing. It has been observed that the extent of cure obtained from the rheometric torque is lower for vegetable oil‐containing compounds. This has been manifested from their physical and tensile properties. The lower abrasion and hardness of vegetable oil‐containing compounds may be due to better plasticization and lower crosslink density. The lower tan ∂ at maximum torque indicates lower loss and heat generation. The vegetable oil‐containing compounds shows lower modulus, higher tensile strength, and elongation. All the compounds containing vegetable oil shows lower compression set and higher rebound resilience, tear strength, and flex cracking compared to the standard compound containing no vegetable oil. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 735–739, 2000 相似文献
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改性炭黑增强三元乙丙橡胶的力学性能与加工性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEMA)和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)3种单体改性炭黑增强三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的力学性能,并用橡胶加工分析仪分析了GMA、HEMA和NMA改性炭黑对EPDM未硫化胶的加工性能。结果表明,GMA、HEMA和NMA改性炭黑均改善了EPDM硫化胶的力学性能,当其用量分别为3.75,3,3份时,EPDM硫化胶的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度达到最佳值;降低频率、提高应变或温度有利于改善改性炭黑增强EPDM的加工性能。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the influence of partitioning of carbon black (CB) with its increasing concentration (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 phr) on physical and static mechanical properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)/Butadiene Rubber (BR) rubber–rubber blends (RRB's) in 70SBR:30BR blend ratio. Partitioning of CB towards BR in CB-filled SBR/BR RRB's is quantitatively determined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DMA confirmed increased partitioning of CB towards BR phase with increasing CB. DMA data on the partitioning of CB towards BR were in good agreement with nuclear magnetic spectra obtained by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SS-NMR spectroscopy). Curing properties, relative density, hardness, tensile test, tear test, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on CB filled SBR/BR RRB's were carried out to determine the effect of increasing concentration of CB on physical, mechanical, and dispersion characteristics in comparison to neat SBR/BR RRB's. 相似文献
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Yu Bai Shuchen Sun Ganfeng Tu Xiaoxiao Huang 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(6):2697-2708
Free carbon is the main impurity in boron carbide and has many side effects on the quality of boron carbide. In this study, reverse flotation was used for the first time to remove free carbon in boron carbide. The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the reverse flotation factors, and the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, laser particle size analyzer, and chemical analysis. The study results reveal that the main factors affecting the decarbonization ratio were slurry concentration, collector dosage, foaming agent dosage and pH value. Furthermore, the results also show that reverse flotation could be applied effectively to the removal of free carbon in boron carbide. Slurry concentration of 25.14%, collector dosage of 567.9 g/t, foaming agent dosage of 199.32 g/t and pH value of 8.4 were found to be the best conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the decarbonization ratio is 84.23%. Mass ratio of free carbon in boron carbide reduced from 2.98 to 0.47. 相似文献
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This work aimed to examine the effect of addition of tire‐tread reclaimed rubber on the properties of two natural rubber (NR) compounds with respect to the reclaimed rubber concentration and mastication time, the properties of interest including rheological and cure characteristics, physical and mechanical properties. The results under the test conditions suggested that Mooney Plasticity and shear viscosity increased with reclaimed rubber content, but decreased with mastication time. The greater the molar mass of the natural rubber the higher the sensitivity to the change in compound viscosity due to mastication and reclaimed rubber content. The die swell was more dependent on the reclaimed rubber than the molar mass of the rubbers. The cure rate and scorch time were found to increase and decrease with reclaimed rubber content, respectively, whereas the cure time was independent of the reclaimed rubber content. For vulcanized rubbers, it was also observed that 100% modulus of the rubber increased with reclaimed rubber content, but this was not the case for tensile stress and elongation at break. The hardness and heat buildup properties of the vulcanizates increased with reclaimed rubber content whereas the tear strength became independent of the reclaimed rubber. The findings in this work suggested that the variations in the rheological and cure characteristics for the unvulcanized rubber were very much dependent on the molar mass of the rubber whereas the mechanical properties for the vulcanized rubber were influenced by crosslink density. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1723–1731, 2003 相似文献
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High-temperature molding of a mixture of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon black results in strong rubber–filler interaction, the extent of which is greater in the case of the oxidized grade of the carbon black. It has been observed that ENR is bonded to the filler surface through the formation of primary bonds, such as ester and phenolic ether. An extensive filler–filler network formation takes place through the hydrogen bonding between the active groups of the rubber and filler surface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 723–730, 1998 相似文献
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Response surface method of experimental design was applied to optimize the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/nanoclay/CaCO3 hybrid ternary nanocomposite using three different levels of melt flow index (MFI) of PP, nanoclay, and CaCO3 contents. The samples were prepared by melt mixing in a lab scale corotating twin screw extruder. The main effect of each parameter on the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and impact strength was extensively discussed. The structure of obtained nanocomposite was studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Tensile modulus and impact resistance of prepared ternary nanocomposite were correlated to considered parameters using a second‐order polynomial model. Also, the optimum values of studied variables were determined using contour plots. The obtained results show that increasing the nanoclay and CaCO3 contents improve the tensile modulus up to 45%, whereas the optimum value of impact strength, about 54%, is achieved at low concentrations of nanoclay (2 wt %) and CaCO3 (8 wt %). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
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Curing characteristics, tensile properties, fatigue life, swelling behavior, and morphology of waste tire dust (WTD)/carbon black (CB) hybrid filler filled natural rubber (NR) compounds were studied. The WTD/CB hybrid filler filled NR compounds were compounded at 30 phr hybrid filler loading with increasing partial replacement of CB at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 phr. The curing characteristics such as scorch time, t2 and cure time, t90 decreased and increased with increment of CB loading in hybrid filler (30 phr content), respectively. Whereas maximum torque (MHR) and minimum torque (ML) increased with increasing CB loading. The tensile properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus of WTD/CB hybrid filler filled NR compounds showed steady increment as CB loading increased. The fatigue test showed that fatigue life increased with increment of CB loading. Rubber–filler interaction, Qf/Qg indicated that the NR compounds with the highest CB loading exhibited the highest rubber–filler interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of tensile and fatigue fractured surfaces and rubber–filler interaction study supported the observed result on tensile properties and fatigue life. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
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Extrusion of star styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) without and with ultrasonic treatment at amplitudes 3.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 μm was carried out. The molecular structure of untreated and treated star SBR was determined. Significant reduction of die pressure was observed during ultrasonic treatment due to the thixotropic and degradation effects. Ultrasonic treatment of star SBR at 3.5 μm created molecules of higher molecular weight via long-chain branching without gel formation. Ultrasonic treatment of star SBR at 5 μm created a small amount of gel. At high ultrasonic amplitudes more gel was generated hindering mixing of star SBR with silica. Extruded star SBR was compounded with carbon black and precipitated silica, with and without silane. It was found that the long-chain branching induced by ultrasonic treatment improved the rubber–filler interaction in precipitated silica without silane, as confirmed by the increase of bound rubber content. The filler–filler interaction was reduced in silica compounds without silane, as indicated by study of Payne effect. The significantly improved rubber–filler interaction and reduced filler–filler interaction led to an increase of the modulus at 100% elongation and tensile strength of SBR/silica vulcanizates. Extensive comparisons were made with earlier study on ultrasonic treatment of linear SBR. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47451. 相似文献
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利用镧系稀土(Ln)对炭黑表面有特殊的活化作用,采用化学沉积法制备了稀土掺杂炭黑(HAF—Ln),并将HAF—Ln与非硫调节型氯丁胶乳(CR232胶乳)进行共混,采用凝聚共沉法制备了稀土掺杂炭黑填充型非硫调节型粉末氟丁橡胶[P(CR232/HAF—Ln)]。研究了稀土类型及用量对P(CR232/HAF—Ln)硫化胶力学性能的影响,发现采用稀土La、Sm和Tm掺杂的P(CR232/HAF—Ln)具有较好的力学性能。通过P(CR232/HAF—Ln)硫化胶拉伸断面的SEM分析,发现稀土La、Sm和Tm可有效改善炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散。 相似文献
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Chwen-Jen Shieh Casimir C. Akoh Philip E. Koehler 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(4):455-460
The physical properties of sucrose polyester (SPE), prepared from different composite blends of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
of safflower oil, palm oil, and peanut oil, were evaluated by mixture response surface methodology. Optimum combinations of
fatty, acids to achieve specific physical properties of SPE were determined. The SPE most similar in physical properties to
peanut oil was obtained with a 55:45 molar ratio of mixed FAME from safflower oil and peanut oil. The physical properties
of SPE were significantly affected by the degree of saturation and the average chainlength of their composite fatty acids. 相似文献
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Optimization of properties in a rubber compound containing a ternary polymer blend using response surface methodology
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Pablo E. Salvatori Gastón Sánchez Aldo Lombardi Esteban Nicocia Santiago A. Bortolato Carlos E. Boschetti 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(30)
In order to find the best combination of three synthetic rubbers, that is, styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) grade 1712, SBR grade 1721 and high‐1,4‐cis polybutadiene, that produce a compound with specific end‐use properties, a statistical experimental design is proposed in this work. The design consists of ten mixtures containing specific amounts of total styrene and BR content. A number of properties are tested in each mixture, selecting those related to requirements for the tread of a high performance tire: glass transition temperature (Tg), the ratio between the viscous modulus and the elastic modulus (tanδ@60 °C), Mooney viscosity, and the tensile properties. The values obtained for each property are fit to statistically significant models, obtaining the respective response surfaces. These are next used to define a desirable formulation with the optimal ratio of each rubber, and finally the optimized formulation is validated by comparing the experimental and predicted values for each modeled property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46548. 相似文献
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Supparoek Boopasiri Noottiyaporn Suwantrakrit Pongdhorn Sae-Oui Chomsri Siriwong 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(10):2589-2599
Attempts to use bagasse ash (BA) as a filler in natural rubber (NR) have been made. Acidolysis/alkaline extraction method was used to purify BA. The purified BA (PBA) was subsequently characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and so forth. After the purification, PBA had a lower particle size and a higher specific surface area. XRD results showed that silica was the main composition of PBA while FTIR results revealed the existence of hydroxyl groups on the PBA surface. The reinforcement magnitude of PBA in NR was subsequently evaluated both without and with the addition of surface modifying agents, namely, bis-3-triethoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide (TESPT) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Due to its large particle size, PBA acted as a semi-reinforcing filler for NR, that is, the small increases of hardness, modulus and tensile strength were observed in the presence of PBA. As TESPT and ENR could improve the extent of rubber-filler interaction, mechanical properties of the NR vulcanizates filled with PBA-TESPT and PBA-ENR were slightly higher than those of the PBA-filled NR vulcanizate. For instance, tensile strength exhibited approximately 22% increase after the surface treatment. In this study, both PBA-TESPT and PBA-ENR showed comparable degree of reinforcement. 相似文献
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