Ti／RuO2＋Sb2O3＋MnOx／MnOx阳极的性能研究

对Ｔｉ／ＲｕＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３＋ＭｎＯｘ／ＭｎＯｘ阳极进行了ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＳ研究，考察了该电极在８０℃，１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的使用寿命，测定了该电极的电化学动力学参数ａ、ｂ、ｉ，并用双位垒模型讨论了其电催化性能，结果表明该电极在Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的使用性能优良。     

硫酸中钛基二氧化铅阳极研究

研制了ＴｉＳｎＯ２＋Ｓｂ２Ｏ３／ＰｂＯ２金属阳极,用ＳＥＭ,ＸＲＤ,ＥＤＳ对阳极表层进行了观测和分析。测定了在８０℃,１ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１＼Ｈ２ＳＯ４中该电极的使用寿命和电化学动力学参数,并与贵金属及其合金电极进行了比较,采用双位垒模型讨论了该电极的电化学性能。结果表明,该电极是一种寿命长,催化活性好的非贵金属放氧阳极材料。     

Ti／PbO2电极的研制

研究了工艺参数对制备ＰｂＯ２／Ｔｉ电极性能的影响，通过ＳＥＭ、ＸＲＤ和强化寿命结果分析，得出了制备Ｐｂｏ２／Ｔｉ电极的最佳工艺条件即镀β－ＰｂＯ２的最佳电流密度３Ａ／ｄｍ２，镀液温度６０℃。试验结果表明，在Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＨＮＯ３介质中，对析氧反应而言，Ｔｉ／ＰｂＯ２电极具有好的催化活性和高的阳极电位；在１５０ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４、６０℃、２００Ａ／ｄｍ２条件下，强化寿命最高达１３０９ｈ。     

稀土元素在金属材料中的一些物理化学作用

针对不同金属溶液体系，采用了不同的实验方法，研究得到了铁液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ，Ｌａ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｃ，Ｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ Ｐｂ，Ｐ，Ｃｕ，Ｔｉ，Ｎｂ，Ｖ溶质元素，镍液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ溶质元素，铜液中Ｃｅ，Ｙ分别与Ｓ，Ｏ，Ｓ＋Ｏ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ａｌ，Ｓｉ，Ｔｉ，Ｆｅ溶质元素，铝液中Ｃｅ分别与Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｓｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｓｉ，Ｓ溶质元素构成的６７个三元     

生产电解二氧化锰用钛合金阳极的抗钝化性能

研究了Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ、Ｔｉ－０．５Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ－０．５Ｃｕ、Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ－０．５Ｆｅ－０．３Ｃｕ４种合金在９５℃，４０ｇ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋８０ｇ／Ｌ ＭｎＳＯ４电解二氧化锰溶液中作阳极时的抗钝化性能。研究表明：以上４种合金都具有比ＴＡ２优异的抗钝化性能，ＴｉＮｉＦｅ的最为优异，在电流密度低于８０Ａ／ｍ＾２时，阳极表面不生成氧化膜，析出相Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ对提高抗钝化性起关键作用。ＴｉＮｉＦ     

液膜分离富集,测定微量碲

用伯胺Ｎ１９２３、Ｌ１１３Ｂ、煤油和内相ＮａＯＨ水溶液乳状液膜体系,研究了Ｔｅ（Ⅳ）的迁移富集行为。实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,Ｔｅ（Ⅳ）的迁移率达９９．５％以上。在此条件下,许多共存离子如Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、ＡＩ＾３＋、∑ＲＥ＾３＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、大量碱金属和碱土金属离子、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、ＳＯ４＾２－、ＰＯ４＾－３、Ｆ＾－、ＣＩ＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＣＩＯ４＾－等,都不会影响分离富集碲。只有Ｔｅ（Ⅳ）能从这些离子中得到满意的分离。此法用于富集测定铅锌矿、铜矿、铁矿和合金中的微量碲,结果相当满意。     

磁场和缓蚀剂对Fe／0.5mol.L^—1H2SO4等体系极化行为的影响

测定了Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４，Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ４，Ｆｅ／ＨＳＯ４＋Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３和Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋ＮａＣｌ种体系在磁场或／和缓蚀剂作用下的极化曲线，指出腐蚀的主要控制是阴极过程，Ｈ２ＳＯ４中加入少量Ｎａ２ＳＯ４不影响其结果，但加入Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３，ＮａＣｌ会因Ｆｅ＾３＋，Ｃｌ＾－的作用而影响结果，分析了磁场、缓蚀剂、Ｃｌ＾－和Ｆｅ＾３＋单一和联合对Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４阴极和阳极极化行为的     

CaO-SiO2-TiO2-Al2O3-MgO炉渣中三价和四价Ti氧化物的氧化还原平衡

实验研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＭｇＯ炉渣在不同温度和氧分压下,三价和四价Ｔｉ氧化物间的氧化还原平衡。结果表明：在ωＣａＯωＳ〈２时,ωＴｉ＾４＋ωＴｉ＾４＋＋ωＴｉ＾３＋与ωＣａＯωＳｉＯ２近似呈线性关系,并可用ωＴｉ＾４＋ωＴｉ＾４＋＋ωＴｉ＾３＋来判断炉渣碱度;ｘＴｉ＾３＋ｘＴｉ＾４＋随全二氧化钛摩尔分数ｘＴｉＯ２,Ｔｏｔ的增大而增大;升高温度有利于渣中高价Ｔｉ氧化物的还原（ω为质量     

用HEHEHP—TOA为协同流动载体的乳状液膜分离富集汞（Ⅱ）的研究

用ＨＥＨＥＨＰ－ＴＯＡ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－甲苯乳状液膜体系,研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移富集行为。在适宜条件下,Ｈｇ＾２＋的迁移率达９９．６％以上。在此条件下,许多共存金属离了如Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｓｎ＾４＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋等都不迁移,只有Ｈｇ＾２＋能与这些金属离子得到很好的分离。已成功地应用于测定水和工业废水中     

选择性螯合滴定法测定镍的含量

提出分别用氟化物，Ｏｘａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ（Ｏｘａｌａｔｅ）和Ｎａ４Ｐ２Ｏ７掩蔽Ｆｅ＾３＋，Ｓｎ＾４，Ｚｒ＾４＋，Ｔｉ＾４＋，Ｎｂ＾５＋，∑ＲＥ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋等（一般常见金属离子，不干扰）用ＥＤＴＡ螯合Ｎｉ＾２＋，以ＣＸ（Ｈａｅｍａｔｏｘｙｌｉｎ）ＰＡＲ（４－（２－ｐｙｒｉｄｙａｚｏ）ｒｅｓｏｒｃｉｎｏｌ），ＭＧ（ＭａｌａｃｈｉｔｅＧｒｅｅｎ）为混合指示剂，用Ｃｕ＾２＋标准溶液返滴定法测定合金钢和     

Effects of electrolyte components on properties of Al alloy anode

The effects of Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+In(OH)3 on the properties of Al alloy anode were studied in alkaline medium at 25 ℃. The self-corrosion rate of Al alloy anode was studied by method of H2 immersed in aqueous medium, and the electrochemical properties of Al alloy anode were tested via galvanostatic discharge and dynamic potential methods. The results show that the self-corrosion rate of Al alloy anode in 4 mol/L NaOH+3 mol/L NaAlO2 medium can be minimized by adding Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+ In(OH)3. Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+In(OH)3 make Al anodic potential shift positively in galvanostatic discharging. The most effective additive of Al alloy anode in 4 mol/L NaOH+3 mol/L NaAlO2 medium is 0.075 mol/L Na2SnO3+0.005 mol/L In(OH)3, integrating self-corrosion rate and electrochemical properties.     

An anode for solid oxide fuel cells: NiO+(Ce0.9Ca0.1O1.9)0.25(YSZ)0.75 solid solution

A (CCO)_0.25(YSZ)_0.75 solid solution (YSZ is Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂; CCO is an abbreviation of Ce_0.9Ca_0.1O_1.9) was successfully synthesized by a solid-state method. A composite anode material, NYC_x (60 wt% NiO+40 wt% (CCO)_x(YSZ)_1−x), for SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells) was prepared. XRD results suggest that a solid solution reaction occurs between YSZ and CCO after sintering at 1400 °C for 10 h. From the impedance results, the conclusion can be drawn that the (CCO)_0.25(YSZ)_0.75 solid solution is a mixed conductor (ionic and electronic). Its total conductivity is greater than that of YSZ. The NYC_x (x>0) anodes exhibited better performance than the commonly used Ni+YSZ anode with regards to overpotential and anode interfacial impedance, with the NYC_0.25 anode exhibiting the best performance     

锌电积工业用新型泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag合金复合阳极电化学性能研究

为改善传统锌电积阳极存在的高析氧过电位和高银含量的缺陷,本文发明了一种新型泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag复合阳极。采用计时电位法,扫描电镜,交流阻抗和塔菲尔测试方法对比研究了在160 g/L H2SO4极化72 h后泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag复合阳极和Pb-0.6 wt%Ag阳极的电化学性能。结果表明：泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag复合阳极的阳极膜比Pb-0.6 wt%Ag阳极的更平整,且抗腐蚀能力更强。此外,泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag复合阳极的稳定阳极电位更小,与其通过计时电位法和交流阻抗获得的高PbO2,低PbO, PbO?PbSO4含量和低Rct值一致。而且还发现泡沫铝/Pb-0.6 wt%Ag复合阳极具有更优异的析氧反应行为。     

Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料电化学性能

采用双脉冲电沉积,在Pb-0.3%Ag(质量分数,下同)合金基体表面制备了Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料,研究了不同正向脉冲平均电流密度(2~5 A·dm-2)和镀液中CeO2颗粒浓度(0~20 g/L)下制备的复合阳极材料电化性能,在50 g·L-1 Zn2+,150 g·L-1 H2SO4,35℃溶液中测试了阳极极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔曲线,获得了析氧动力学参数、伏安电荷、腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流。结果表明:在正向脉冲平均电流密度为3 A/dm2和镀液中CeO2颗粒浓度为15 g/L下制备的Pb-0.3%Ag/Pb-CeO2复合阳极材料在[ZnSO4+H2SO4]溶液中具有较高的电催化活性,较低的析氧过电位,较好的电极反应可逆性和耐腐蚀性。在[ZnSO4+H2SO4]溶液中,复合阳极材料在测试电流密度500 A/m2下的析氧过电位为1.134V,比Pb-1%Ag合金降低37 mV;腐蚀电流为1.97×10-4 A,明显低于Pb-1%Ag合金,表现出了良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Improvement of stability of trivalent chromium electroplating of Ti based IrO2+Ta2O5 coating anodes

The preparation process and properties of the thermally prepared Ti anodes coated with IrO2+Ta2O5 was studied. The structure and morphologies of the IrO2+Ta2O5 coatings were determined by XRD and SEM. Their electrochemical properties were studied by polarization curve and cyclic voltammetry. Trivalent chromium electroplating using Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes is carried out and the results were analyzed. Results show that this anode exhibits excellentelectrochemical activity and stability in sulfate electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity is determined not only by the content of IrO2 but also the structure and morphology of the anode coatings. The electroplating results indicats that Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes have excellent capabilities and merits in improving the stability of trivalent chromium electroplating in sulfate system.     

聚苯胺对锌电积用复合惰性阳极材料电化学性能的影响(英文)

为了寻找一种可以替代锌电积用 Pb-Ag 合金的阳极材料,通过 PANI(聚苯胺)、WC(碳化钨)颗粒与 Pb2+的双脉冲电沉积,在 Al 合金基体上制备了 Al/Pb-PANI-WC 复合惰性阳极材料。测试了镀液中不同 PANI 浓度下制备的惰性阳极材料的阳极极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔极化曲线,采用扫描电镜考察复合惰性阳极材料的微观组织特征。结果表明:当将制备镀液中 PANI 浓度控制在 20 g/L 时,Al/Pb-PANI-WC 复合惰性阳极材料的微观组织和成分分布均匀,在含 50 g/L Zn2+、150 g/L H2SO4的 35 °C锌电积液中具有较高的电催化活性、较好的电极反应可逆性和耐腐蚀性,在电流密度 500 A/m2和 1000 A/m2下的析氧过电位与 Pb-1%Ag 合金相比分别降低了 185 mV 和 166 mV。     

钛基DSA阳极在电镀铬工艺中的应用研究

通过Hull槽电解、电化学特性和长期稳定性测试的方法研究了DSA (IrO₂,Ta₂O₅),DSA (IrO₂,Pt) 阳极和PbSn合金阳极在电镀铬溶液中的性能,并进行对比分析。结果表明,钛基DSA阳极真实活性比表面远远大于其几何表面;在镀铬溶液中表现出较低的析氧电位和较好的电催化活性,尤其是DSA (IrO₂,Pt) 阳极在高电流密度下表现出更好的电催化活性;但是由于溶液中的F^-添加剂侵蚀Ti基体使得钛基涂层阳极在镀铬溶液中的稳定性和寿命均比PbSn合金阳极短。     

惰性电极大型铝电解槽设计实验

进行了具有金属陶瓷惰性阳极及TiB2隋性阴极的电解扩大实验研究.电解实验过程38h,电流强度150A,阳极未出现任何破损和变形.相关性能测试结果较理想,阳极腐蚀速率为23mm/a,电解所得阴极铝的纯度经测定达到97.3%.实验证明设计的3000A～6000A平行配置惰性阳极和TiB2惰性阴性新型铝电解槽是可行的.     

钛基SnO2+SbOx电极固溶体生长活化能及作用机制

采用热分解法制备SnO2+SbOx钛基氧化物电极,利用TG/DTA、XRD和XPS等手段对SnO2+SbOx固溶体进行表征,计算SnO2+SbOx固溶体的生长活化能,并探讨SnO2+SbOx固溶体的作用机制,同时采用快速寿命法考察氧化物电极在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中2 A/cm2下的预期使用寿命。结果表明： Sb掺杂SnO2形成的N型半导体和P型半导体产生的自由电子和氧空位使得电极导电性增强,预期使用寿命增加为30 h,晶粒表面氧空位的存在和非常低的晶间旋转驱动力是导致SnO2+SbOx固溶体的生长活化能降低为12.63 kJ/mol的主要原因。因此,Sb掺杂SnO2形成的电极固溶体是一种导电性好和稳定性高的电极材料。     

Preparation and performance of 3D-Pb anodes for nonferrous metals electrowinning in H2SO4 aqueous solution

The effects of Pb²⁺ concentration, current density, deposition time and temperature on Pb deposit structure were investigated. In lower Pb²⁺ concentration (∼0.15 mol/L), carambola-like 3D-Pb structure was constructed, while in higher Pb²⁺ concentration (≥0.30 mol/L), Pb deposits exhibited pyramid-like structure. Furthermore, the oxide layer and anodic potential of carambola-shaped 3D-Pb (Cara-Pb) and pyramid-shaped 3D-Pb (Pyra-Pb) anodes were investigated and compared with those of fresh Pb anode. After 72 h galvanostatic electrolysis (50 mA/cm²) in 160 g/L H₂SO₄ solution, the oxide layer on Pyra-Pb was much thicker than that on Cara-Pb and Pb anodes, which remarkably relieved intercrystalline corrosion of the metallic substrate. Additionally, the oxide layer on Pyra-Pb anode presented a larger surface area and higher PbO₂ content. Hence, Pyra-Pb anode showed a 40 mV lower anodic potential compared to Cara-Pb and Pb anodes. In sum, Pyra-Pb anode had a potential to decrease energy consumption and prolong the life span of traditional Pb anode.