校准试验筛用标准物质的研究

本标准物质系由实心球形按一定分布配制而成，是用于校准试验筛筛孔孔径的国家一级标准物质。按粒径分为两种：ＧＢＷ１２００２的测量范围为６５－２００μｍ，ＧＢＷ１２００３的测量范围为３０－８０μｍ。两者旦程相互衔接，覆盖工业及科研部门常用的分筛分范围。     

露点仪校准与气体含水量标准物质的制备

用气体含水量标准物质来校准露点仪器会给校准过程带来很多方便。本文论述了气体含水量标准物质制备的依据、方法,以及制备的条件和不确定度分析。     

校准用溶液标准物质的量值不确定度评定

ISO导则35《标准物质定值及通用统计学原则》中要求,采取称量法制备、定值的标准物质,需评估由称量法制备、均匀性、稳定性及核验四个分量引入的不确定度.对于称量法制备的校准用溶液标准物质,制备过程中由天平和容量器具引入的不确定度往往较小且易于评估,而制备过程中其它来源不确定度以及核验、均匀性、稳定性不确定度的评估方法会对该类标准物质的总体量值不确定度水平产生显著影响.本文以导则35及GUM原则为基础,提出了针对该类标准物质量值不确定度评定的新型改进方法,以达到既确保评估的全面性,又通过适当的方案设计,去除各不确定度分量中的交叉重叠成分,避免不确定度评定结果盲目扩大的目的.     

JJF(苏)251—2023《气体稀释装置校准规范》解读

文章主要从气体稀释装置校准的适用范围、计量特性、校准装置选取、校准注意事项以及复校时间对JJF(苏)251—2023《气体稀释装置校准规范》进行了详细的解读,以帮助相关技术人员更好地理解和执行该规范。     

水流量标准装置模拟校准实验系统开发

为解决现有流量标准装置不能满足流量计检定要求的难题,尤其是对于现场实验实施。采用LabVIEW及其LabSQL和Office工具包,开发了集标准表法、容积法、称重法于一体的水流量标准装置模拟校准系统。系统可以根据需要选择水流量标准装置对不同的流量计进行检定和校准,整个试验过程可实现自动化,还可以选择手动方式进行调试。该模拟系统预留了外接数据接口,做简单修改后可用于控制实际的检定校准设备。该系统严格依据相应的国家标准对流量计进行试验,可通过计算标准装置的不确定度来判定是否合乎实验要求。测试结果表明,系统应用面宽、可移植性好。     

自动配气装置在气体标准物质分析中的应用

介绍了自动配气装置在标准气体分析中的应用，并对配气条件和方法精密度进行了研究。     

闪点仪校准用标准物质研制

闪点是石油化工产品及相关化学品的一项重要理化性质,直接关系到生产、储存和运输安全。欧盟在《化学品注册、评估和许可的化学品法规》（REACH）中明确要求化学品生产厂商必须提供出口到欧盟的化学品的闪点值。     

用钟罩式气体流量标准装置校准气体腰轮流量计校准结果的不确定度分析

用气体腰轮流量计作为稳定被测对象来验证钟罩式气体流量标准装置的准确性和稳定性。实验后得出校准结果,并对其进行不确定度分析。     

污染源烟气连续监测系统校准用气体标准物质质量安全风险研究

文章以第三方运维服务商监测站房使用的氮中二氧化硫、氮中一氧化氮授权范围（10.0～50.0）μmol/mol两种气体标准物质为样本,从标准物质管理和量值准确性两个方面展开研究,并对该结果可能对污染源烟气连续监测系统造成的影响,以及进而引发的环境监测数据质量风险进行评估。     

煤矿安全监测在线校准装置所用CH4/N2、CO/Air气体标准物质的研究概述

据不完全统计,在煤矿死亡10人以上重、特大事故中,瓦斯事故占事故总起数的94.4%。煤矿安全监测装置是煤矿安全生产和管理的重要组成部分。由于矿井下实际环境条件复杂,安全监测装置的量值评价主要是通过将传感器和网络系统分离后送至实验室进行检定来实现。     

Real time calibration for ultrasensitive leak detection

A variable reference leak rate system is developed for real time calibration of ultrasensitive leak detection. It is based on the molecular flow characteristics of the platinum wire-glass leak element combined with a helium pressure adjustable device. Helium reference leak rate range from 10⁻¹⁴ to 10⁻¹⁰ Pa m³/s is provided and has been used for real time calibration of ultrasensitive mass spectrometer leak detection system.     

正压漏孔校准装置优化设计

针对目前正压漏孔校准工作中存在的测量下限指标低、测量不确定度大等问题,提出了正压漏孔校准装置的优化设计方法.采用特殊设计,将定容室的容积减小到10 mL以下,降低了气体累计时间,延伸了测量下限.采用主、被动相结合的恒温方法提高恒温精度,使得测量系统温度变化在校准时间内小于0.02 K,减小了温度漂移引入的虚流量及测量不确定度.在恒压法正压漏孔校准方法中,提出采用直径小于1 mm的精密细活塞及适用的动密封结构.可以将测量下限延伸到10-7Pa·m3/s 量级.通过以上方法,可使正压漏孔校准装置的测量下限优于5×10-7 Pa·m3/s,不确定度小于5%,同时具有较高的工作效率.     

医用运动平板校准装置标准信号发生器的研制

医用运动平板参数的准确性直接关系到冠心病诊断的准确性,但目前国内尚无用于医用运动平板心电分析系统溯源的标准信号发生器。为此,通过Matlab得到正弦波、方波和标准心率信号的波形数据,并存入单片机的内部Flash中,采用12位DAC和高频晶振来保证输出信号峰峰值和频率调节的精度,将输出信号经过电压跟随器后通过衰减器进行幅值的衰减以得到微弱信号。实验表明:该标准信号发生器输出的3种微弱信号频率的最大相对误差分别为1.6×10-2%、4.3×10-3%、-3.3×10-3%,峰峰值的最大扩展不确定度分别为0.38%、0.38%、0.54%,均达到设定的技术指标要求,满足医用运动平板心电分析系统的溯源要求。     

Light-emitting-diode-based light source for calibration of an intensified charge-coupled device detection system intended for galvanoluminescence measurements

A spectrally tunable light source utilizing three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for calibration of a highly sensitive intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) optical detection system intended for time-resolved galvanoluminescence (GL) measurements is described. The source has been conceived as a low-cost substitute for standard tungsten lamps usually used for relative and absolute calibration of optical detection systems. Three LEDs with different spectral characteristics in conjunction with a system of two integrating spheres as light mixers and light reducers are used. This construction provides control over the source spectrum by changing individual LED contributions. The use of integration spheres eliminated angular distribution of light intensities of LEDs as well as angular dependence of their spectral contributions. Moreover, by using the source we have avoided the problem of stray and diffuse light of higher wavelengths, as well as different light intensities for different wavelengths (up to three orders of magnitude in the range from 400 nm to 750 nm), which we have with standard tungsten lamps. A complete calibration procedure for the LED source and ICCD detection system is described. Finally, for the first time, we have performed time-resolved spectral GL measurements during aluminum anodization in porous film-forming electrolyte phosphoric acid in a transient regime. Two peaks at 425 nm and 595 nm are recognized, confirming the same mechanism of GL in both transient and steady-state regimes of anodization.     

用于在片测试系统整体校准的电阻标准件

为解决在片测试系统中1～1000Ω电阻无法进行整体校准问题,通过采用GaAs材料作为衬底,利用半导体工艺中薄膜溅射法,使用轰击离子Ar~+与靶材作用形成反应层,激发出的溅射原子NiCr打至GaAs表面,制作薄膜电阻。采用方块电阻为50Ω/块,通过调节长与宽的比值,研制出1～1 000Ω电阻标准件。为消除电阻测量过程中芯片内部回路引线的影响,研制出相对应的短路器。通过组建具有温度控制系统的定标装置,在-40～100℃温度下对标准件进行定标,定标结果表明电阻标准件的阻值与温度具有良好的线性关系,短期重复性RSD优于0.05%,年稳定性RSD优于0.1%,可以有效解决现有在片测试系统低值电阻参数的整体校准问题。     

充氟油器件检漏设备的研制

针对充氟油器件泄漏介质为氟油的检漏需求,研制了一套四极质谱计检漏设备,该设备由四极质谱计和取样系统组成,使用累积法对充氟油器件进行检漏。文中介绍了系统的组成与原理,设备的校准,给出并讨论了实验结果。实验结果及用户的实际使用情况表明:充氟油器件检漏设备方法可行、性能可靠,相对误差在10%以内。     

Hydrogen leak detection using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is investigated as a technique for real-time monitoring of hydrogen gas. Two methodologies were examined: The use of a 100 mJ laser pulse to create a laser-induced breakdown directly in a sample gas stream, and the use of a 55 mJ laser pulse to create a laser-induced plasma on a solid substrate surface, with the expanding plasma sampling the gas stream. Various metals were analyzed as candidate substrate surfaces, including aluminum, copper, molybdenum, stainless steel, titanium, and tungsten. Stainless steel was selected, and a detailed analysis of hydrogen detection in binary mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure was performed. Both the gaseous plasma and the plasma initiated on the stainless steel surface generated comparable hydrogen emission signals, using the 656.28 Halpha emission line, and exhibited excellent signal linearity. The limit of detection is about 20 ppm (mass) as determined for both methodologies, with the solid-initiated plasma yielding a slightly better value. Overall, LIBS is concluded to be a viable candidate for hydrogen sensing, offering a combination of high sensitivity with a technique that is well suited to implementation in field environments.     

核查标准用于标准装置的有效控制

文章主要说明了应用核查标准对标准装置进行有效控制的原因、采用核查标准的具体方法和注意事项,并通过直流电阻箱标准装置说明对测量数据的定量分析,判定标准装置是否处于有效受控状态,长期运行的稳定性,此方法具有很好的推广应用价值。     

ITER CICC导体气密性检测控制系统的研制

基于Visual c++技术,设计了应用于ITERCICC导体的气密性检测控制系统。利用计算机的串口通信功能,实现了漏率实时采集、实时绘图显示和数据同步保存的功能,达到了整个检漏过程的自动化控制目标。极大的提高了真空检漏的工作效率。     

Metrological aspects of calibration of standard test blocks for ultrasonic flaw detection

Adjustment of ultrasonic detection sensitivity with the aid of standard tes blocks with noncircular reflecting surfaces is discussed. The shapes of reflecting surfaces and their angular position in the block with respect to the plane of entry of ultrasonic oscillations make it possible to use them for adjusting straight and oblique transducers. Composite test blocks for inspecting plane and rod-shaped materials are described. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 35–38, May, 1997.