Fenton试剂降解泥水体系中低浓度DDE

研究了Fenton试剂对底泥-水体系中低浓度DDE的降解作用，探讨了pH、[Fe2^2 ]0、[H2O2]0以及水和泥的质量比(水／泥)等影响因素。结果表明，pH，[Fe^2 ]0以及[H2O2]0的最佳条件值分别为3．0，16mmol／L和400mmol／L，DDE降解率随水／泥比的增大而提高，反应60分钟时DDE的降解率达70％。     

钛网表面Fe3O4/FeS2膜层制备及其类芬顿降解苯酚研究

为了拓宽类芬顿催化剂的pH适用范围、改善其有机污染物降解性能并解决其分离回收难的问题,本文采用易于大规模制备的电沉积法在钛网表面沉积了Fe3O4/FeS2固定化膜层.通过XRD、SEM及XPS等表征手段研究了所合成催化剂的相组成、形貌及表面元素价态.结果 显示,所合成的材料主要由Fe3 O4与FeS2物相组成,且膜层表面呈现由纳米片间相互交联形成的多孔网状结构.类芬顿降解苯酚性能表明,在0.20 mol/L硫源含量下所得膜层于pH 6.0、H2 O2含量6 mmol/L、苯酚初始质量浓度35 mg/L、反应温度30℃的条件下降解60 min,可将98％的苯酚去除.因而,Fe3O4/FeS2固定化膜层催化剂表现出优异的类芬顿催化活性.分析发现:材料较大的比表面积可增强传质,同时提供更多的活性位点参与苯酚降解;而催化剂表面键合的S22-可促进≡Fe3+/≡Fe2+以及Fe3 +/Fe2的氧化还原循环,同时,以硫酸根形式存在的硫物种可为类芬顿反应提供合适的酸性微环境,从而提高羟基自由基的产生速率及产生量,最终显著改善该催化剂在近中性条件下的催化活性.     

Cu2O／超微孔聚氨酯复合材料处理模拟染料废水试验

以超微孔聚氨酯复合材料为载体,用液相合成法制备Cu2O／超微7L聚氨酯纳米复合材料,并以吸附降解结晶紫的效果,探讨该催化剂光催化氧化性能。试验结果表明：当模拟结晶紫染料废水的初始质量浓度为150mg／L,初始pH值为6．0,反应时间为45min,催化剂投加量为9．0g／L时．对模拟染料废水中结晶紫的去除率可达88．96％。十次重复使用后的复合材料对结晶紫的去除率仍可达75％以上。     

La-TiO_2/Hβ复合光催化剂降解模拟染料废水

用共沉淀法制备了新型La-TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂,并以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟废水,探讨了其对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解效果,优化了降解条件。结果表明,La-TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂降解25mL亚甲基蓝溶液的适宜条件是:亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为20mg/L,光照时间为30min,氧化剂H2O2用量为2.0mL,催化剂用量为2.4g/L。在此反应条件下,亚甲基蓝降解率达到98.2%,且催化剂重复使用3次后催化活性基本不变。     

阴离子交换树脂负载铁取代杂多酸可见光催化降解罗丹明B

将Keggin型铁取代杂多酸阴离子PW11O39Fe(Ⅲ)(H2O)4-(PW11Fe)通过离子交换作用负载在阴离子交换树脂D301R上,制备了负载型光催化剂PW11Fe/D301R,并用于可见光催化降解水溶液中有机染料污染物罗丹明B(RhB),考察了罗丹明B的初始浓度、催化剂用量、pH值以及不同阴离子对光催化降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,当催化剂用量为0.5g时,200W金卤灯照射0.01mmol/L RhB水溶液30min,RhB的降解率可达100%,为高效利用太阳光能去除水体有机染料污染物提供了一条可供选择的新途径。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Fe_2O_3光催化降解含酚废水

采用固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3为光催化剂,苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了pH值、苯酚初始浓度、催化剂投加量、光照距离、光照时间、助催化剂H2O2对光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量5g/L,光照距离11cm,光照时间为150min,降解率达61.29%,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60min,苯酚降解率达到85.12%。     

Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备表征及其催化活性的研究

采用浸渍法制备用于常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺(CWPO)的负载型Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,采用BET,SEM,XRD,XPS和XRF对其进行了表征,并以偶氮染料酸性橙为特征污染物,考察了Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性和稳定性.研究表明,Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的活性组分Fe是以α-Fe2O3的形式存在,且Fe的负载量为1.907%(质量分数).对于初始浓度为500mg/L的酸性橙模拟废水,当Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂和H2O2氧化剂的投加量分别为30g/L和330mg/L时,处理3h时染料的脱色率、COD去除率和TOC去除率可分别达到82.10%,80.14%和74.2%.与传统Fenton试剂法相比,以Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为催化剂的CWPO工艺具有矿化程度高和催化剂易回收再用的优点.     

K2Ta2O6光催化剂的水热法制备及其光催化性能

以Ta2O5和KOH为原料采用水热法系统地制备了钽酸钾光催化剂。通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis漫反射等测试手段对样品进行表征,探讨了反应时间、温度、KOH浓度等实验条件对结晶性能和形貌的影响。实验结果表明,水热温度为180℃,反应时间为24h,KOH浓度0.5mol/L条件下合成了结晶完善、粒径200nm左右的焦绿石相K2Ta2O6,其形貌是正八面体形;这种结构能有效地提高K2Ta2O6对藏红T溶液的光催化降解效率。     

超声协同Fenton体系氧化降解废水中的CCl_4

Fenton深度氧化技术用于污染物的降解,受到许多工艺条件的影响和制约,针对不同体系寻求各影响因素最优化的科学配置关系,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。通过引入功率可调的超声波,采用正交设计法科学优化实验方案,详细考察了超声功率、Fe~(2+)浓度、H2O2浓度、温度和pH 5个因素对于Fenton体系氧化降解模拟污染水体中四氯化碳(CCl_4)的影响规律,判定了影响CCl_4降解效果的各因素之间的主次关系,确定了最优化的降解反应工艺条件,同时基于优选的工艺参数,验证了单一因素变化对降解效果的影响。结果显示:超声波协同的Fenton体系,同等条件下能够把CCl_4的降解率提高26.96%;协同降解CCl_4的优化反应条件为温度303K、pH=3、H2O2浓度20mmol/L、Fe~(2+)浓度2.50mmol/L及超声功率300W。此条件下,反应45min时,CCl_4的降解率可达到78.49%,明显高于不加超声处理的对比实验效果;该降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征,表观活化能为6.99kJ/mol。     

掺杂TiO2粉体共沉淀包膜过程中的热力学研究

为了精确控制共沉淀包膜法制备掺杂TiO2粉体的反应条件,本文通过对Men+(Ni2+、La3+、Fe3+、Al3+)在NaHCO3-NH3.H2O体系中离子沉淀反应平衡的热力学分析,得到了Men+-CO32--NH3.H2O体系中不同总氨浓度cN和总碳浓度cC时各金属离子总浓度与pH值的关系图,并由此确定了金属离子完全沉淀的最佳pH值.热力学分析表明,以NaHCO3-NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀包膜法制备掺杂TiO2粉体时,当cN=0.010 mol/L和cC=1.000 mol/L时,反应的适宜沉淀pH为9.0左右.     

Superconductivity of barium-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy

Sintered ceramic samples of Bi₂Sr_2–x Ba _x CaCu₂O_y with nominal barium fraction 0x0.3 have been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. WDS studies verified that barium enters the superconducting phase. For slowly cooled samples, the midpointT _c of the superconducting transition is significantly increased by barium doping, whereas for quenched samplesT _c is little affected. The increase ofT _c with increasing barium fraction is consistent with a decrease in the hole concentration in the superconducting layers.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper and the planar oxygen 2p atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Reactivity of the H2O2/TiO2 system

The reactivity of the H₂O₂/TiO₂ system for samples treated at atmospheric pressure is studied by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The most significant changes on the TiO₂ ‘final’ state are: (i) The I(O)/I(Ti) peak-to-peak ratio is diminished by 15%. (ii) The LMV transition suffers an energy shift of +2 eV, whereas the peak-to-peak width diminishes 1.5 eV. (iii) Its structure changes with respect to that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state although it is not identified with any one of the known stoichiometric oxides. (iv) When the samples that represent the ‘final’ state are heated up to 650 K, the AES spectrum matches quite well that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state.     

Quasiparticle dispersion of Sr2CuO2Cl2

Recent angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements for the insulating cuprate Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂ have provided the first experimental data which can be directly compared to the (theoretically) well-studied problem of a single hole propagating in an antiferromagnet. Some discrepancies withthe familiar 2D t— J model were observed. Here we discuss a comparison between the ARPES results and the quasiparticle dispersion of both (i) the extended t— t— J Hamiltonian and (ii) the three-band Hubbard model.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

Les phases SrLa2Al2O7 et SrGd2Al2O7

SrLa₂Al₂O₇ and SrGd₂Al₂O₇ belong to the structural type Sr₃Ti₂O₇. In SrGd₂Al₂O₇ strontium and gadolinium occupy respectively the 12 and 9 coordinated sites, whereas in SrLa₂Al₂O₇ the homologous cations are statistically distributed. The fluorescence spectra of both phases activated by Eu³⁺ ions show that the only possible position of Eu³⁺ is the 9 coordinated site.     

Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3+MnO2/PbO2阳极的性能研究

制备了一种非贵金属阳极－Ｔi/SnO2 Sb2O3 MnO2/PbO2,并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ进行了表征,计算出了电极的分形维数,测定了该电极在硫酸中的使用寿命和动力学参数,把该电极用于处理含酚废水和Ｐb电极进行对,结果表明,节电３３％,转化率达９５％,是一种优良的电化学催化剂。     

Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2系统的分相与析晶

对Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-SnO2四元系统的分相与析晶进行了探讨．通过对不同组成点在热处理、化学处理各阶段的试样进行能谱分析、XRD分析及SEM分析，确认了SnO2分布在分相结构中的富硼碱相中；在该系统中SnO2晶体的析出有赖于分相过程；分相结构尺度限制了SnO2的析晶尺寸．试验结果表明，通过控制分相结构得到了负载于多孔富硅载体的纳米尺寸的SnO2材料．该材料具有较高的CO氧化催化活性．     

Subsolidus phase equilibria in the Al2O3-CeO2-PbO and Al2O3-CeO2-RuO2 systems

The subsolidus phase equilibria in air for the Al₂O₃-CeO₂-PbO and Al₂O₃-CeO₂-RuO₂ systems were studied with the aim of obtaining information on possible interactions between a CeO₂-based solid electrolyte in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and other oxides. No ternary compound was found in either of the systems. The tie line in the Al₂O₃-PbO-CeO₂ system is between Al₂Pb₂O₅ and the CeO₂.     

Natural and persistent superhydrophilicity of SiO2/TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 bi-layer films

Sol-gel SiO₂/TiO₂ and TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films have been deposited from a polymeric SiO₂ solution and either a polymeric TiO₂ mother solution (MS) or a derived TiO₂ crystalline suspension (CS). The chemical and structural properties of MS and CS bi-layer films heat-treated at 500 °C have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscospy. Water contact angle measurements show that MS SiO₂/TiO₂ and CS TiO₂/SiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural superhydrophilicity, but cannot maintain a zero contact angle for a long time over film aging. In contrast, CS SiO₂/TiO₂ bi-layer films exhibit a natural, persistent, and regenerable superhydrophilicity without the need of UV light. Superhydrophilic properties of bi-layer films are discussed with respect to the nature of the TiO₂ single-layer component and arrangement of the bi-layer structure, i.e. TiO₂ underlayer or overlayer.