红薯黑凉粉的配方优化

以凉粉草粗提液为原料,与红薯淀粉混合加热冷却形成红薯黑凉粉。利用中心组合实验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法对凉粉草胶和红薯淀粉制成的新型凉粉进行工艺优化,并对凉粉草制成的凉粉凝胶及其质构特性进行研究。通过回归方程得到最佳的工艺条件为：胶液40%,淀粉5%,蔗糖6%。通过验证实验得到凉粉的弹性为0.78,与理论预测值基本吻合。此研究对制作新型优质的凉粉制品具有一定理论指导作用。     

利乐无菌纸盒包装凉粉的研制

提出了无菌纸盒包装凉粉的生产工艺及质量标准，确定了最佳生产配方，并对凉粉草的搭配、用量、增稠剂的选用、灌封温度的控制等问题进行了研究。     

利乐无菌纸盒包装凉粉的研制

提出了无菌纸盒包装凉粉的生产及质量标准，确定了最佳生产配方，并对凉粉草的搭配，用量，增稠剂的选用，灌温度的等问题进行了研究。     

辅料配方优化对马铃薯方便凉粉冻融稳定性及质构的影响研究

为了提高马铃薯方便凉粉在保质期内的稳定性和品质,针对马铃薯方便凉粉保质期内出现析水及质地变硬的技术难题,结合凉粉凝胶成型的基本原理。采用响应面试验设计与单因素实验结合,优化绿豆淀粉、凉粉草多糖、魔芋葡甘露聚糖、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯等辅料对马铃薯方便凉粉样品冻融稳定性及质构特性的影响。结果显示：对添加绿豆淀粉11.86%、魔芋葡甘露聚糖2.11%、凉粉草多糖0.58%、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯2.24%进行重复试验验证后,马铃薯方便凉粉感官评分92.15分,析水率0.14%,硬度185.37gf,弹性16.73mm,采用响应面Box-Behnken优化获得的马铃薯方便凉粉辅料配比基本准确可靠,对马铃薯方便凉粉长期保存具有数据的指导意义。     

凉粉籽胶的应用初探

利用凉粉籽中提取的胶体物质制作果冻,对制作过程中凉粉籽胶的脱色方法、凝胶条件进行了初步研究。结果表明：用甲醛脱色法脱色后,在ｐＨ值为３．５,ＣａＣｌ２用量为６０ｍｇ／ｇ籽胶,用胶量为１．５％的条件下制作的果冻品质最佳     

两种菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉特性研究

本文通过SEM、XRD、DSC和抗酶解性实验对菠萝蜜籽原淀粉和压热处理的菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉、压热酶解处理的菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的特性进行分析。结果表明两种处理过的淀粉样品均失去原淀粉的颗粒外形,压热酶解法处理过的淀粉呈现出大量微孔通道。菠萝蜜籽原淀粉为A型结晶,经过处理后的两种淀粉均为B型结晶。处理过的淀粉与原淀粉相比的T0、TP及ΔH都有所降低;压热处理后的淀粉Tc降低,而经过压热酶解的淀粉Tc值上升。在In-Vitro消化体系中,在同一消化时间长度内,原淀粉的消化产物比两种抗性淀粉的消化产物多,压热酶解抗性淀粉的酶解产物最少,抗性最强。压热和压热酶解让淀粉分子重新组合,改变了淀粉微观结构,提高了淀粉的抗消化性。     

响应面法优化酶法提取菠萝蜜种子淀粉工艺

为确定酶法提取菠萝蜜种子淀粉的最佳工艺条件,在单因素实验的基础上,选择时间、温度、料液比、加酶量为影响因素,以淀粉得率为响应指标,利用中心组合实验进行响应面优化实验。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数为:提取时间8 h,提取温度62℃,液料比4∶1 m L/g,加酶量0.10%。菠萝蜜种子淀粉提取率理论值为60.02%,实际验证值为61.83%。拟合得到的模型与实际吻合良好,建立的提取工艺条件稳定,为菠萝蜜种子淀粉的工业化生产提供了理论依据。      

菠萝蜜风味果冻的研制

以菠萝蜜果汁为主要原料,添加卡拉胶、黄原胶、魔芋胶等制作风味果冻。以感官评分及质构参数为指标,考查菠萝蜜果汁、复配胶、柠檬酸及白砂糖用量对果冻品质的影响,并对感官评分与质构参数进行相关性分析,采用正交试验优化最佳配方。结果表明,咀嚼性与感官评分具有较强的相关性;果冻最佳配方为:菠萝蜜果汁40%、复配胶1.10%、柠檬酸0.10%、白砂糖15%。按照最佳配方制得的果冻色泽亮黄、组织形态均匀、菠萝蜜风味较浓、酸甜可口、口感爽滑。     

速溶冲调黑凉粉的配方及工艺探讨

本文探讨了一种用热水直接冲调的速食"黑凉粉"预混粉的配方与工艺。采用预糊化木薯淀粉代替原淀粉,冲调的速食黑凉粉预混粉配方为:凉粉草胶(MBG)/预糊化木薯淀粉比例为1:3.5,并加入两者混合物1.8倍的绵砂糖及0.8%(w/w)的小苏打。食用方法为:27倍的85℃热水直接加入速食黑凉粉预混粉中,经10～20s搅拌均匀,冷却可形成凝胶。凝胶体的质地均匀一致、凝胶强度为18.6g。与即食的黑凉粉(凝膏)相比,硬度略低,但比市场的黑凉粉预混粉的冲调性有明显改善。     

酶法制备菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的工艺优化及特性研究

采用压热后普鲁兰酶脱支法制备菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉。利用单因素和L9(34)正交试验对工艺参数进行优化,得出最佳制备工艺条件为淀粉乳浓度15%,加酶量15 ASPU/g,酶处理时间24 h,老化时间24 h时抗性淀粉的含量最高。抗性淀粉含量为25.82%。菠萝蜜籽淀粉处理量后变成有大量微孔通道的片状,晶型由A型变成B+V型,糊化温度范围变宽,糊化焓值降低。     

Properties of jackfruit seed starch oxidized with different levels of sodium hypochlorite

The effect of active chlorine concentrations (1–5%) on the properties of jackfruit seed starch was investigated. Both the carbonyl and carboxyl contents of the oxidized starches generally increased with progressive increases in the active chlorine concentration. No evidences of alteration in the morphology and X-ray diffraction pattern were observed after oxidation, while the decrease in relative crystallinity was found. The swelling power of the oxidized starch tended to decrease with the active chlorine levels, particularly at a low level of active chlorine (1–3%). No significant differences in the peak temperature (Tp) and the end temperature (Te) were found between the native and the oxidized starches, while the oxidized starches had lower onset temperatures (To). Parameters, such as pasting temperature, peak viscosity, and setback, decreased with the concentration of active chlorine. In addition, lower syneresis and turbidity were found in all oxidized starches during refrigerated storage compared to the native starch.     

黑豆蛋白果冻的研制

黑豆属高蛋白低脂肪类型大豆,是极具开发潜力的植物蛋白资源。试验利用2709碱性蛋白酶对黑豆蛋白轻度水解,制备易消化吸收、等电点可溶的黑豆蛋白肽混合液,将水晶果冻粉与黑豆蛋白肽混合液、澄清苹果汁和水按1∶8∶1∶2(m/v/v/v)比例调配制作黑豆蛋白果冻,产品蛋白质含量在3.5%以上,外观透明、脱模完整、色泽棕红清亮,口感柔韧、酸甜爽口,呈天然果汁与黑豆清香风味,无苦涩异味,不析水,具有良好的感官食用品质。     

Physico-chemical properties of jackfruit seed starch (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and its application as a thickener and stabilizer in chilli sauce

This study investigates the possible utilization of starch extracted from jackfruit seed waste from the jackfruit frying industry. We first compared the physico-chemical properties of jackfruit seed starch (JFSS) with cornstarch (CS) and potato starch (PS) and then compared JFSS with CS as a thickener and stabilizer in chilli sauce. JFSS had a higher amylose content and its granules were much smaller than CS and PS granules; in addition, JFSS had a higher pasting temperature and final viscosity than CS and PS. JFSS experienced lower breakdown than CS and PS pastes which indicates that JFSS paste is more resistant to thermal and mechanical shear during cooking. The XRD patterns showed JFSS to be Type A starch, similar to corn starch. JFSS is suitable as a thickener and stabilizer in chilli sauce because chilli sauce with JFSS had the lowest serum separation and highest viscosity during storage compared with control chilli sauce and sauce containing CS. In addition, sensory evaluation demonstrated that chilli sauce containing JFSS received the highest score in terms of color, mouth feel, homogeneity and overall quality.     

响应面法优化菠萝蜜果皮黄酮提取工艺

采用乙醇浸提法从菠萝蜜果皮中提取黄酮,研究了液料比、乙醇浓度、提取时间和提取温度等对菠萝蜜果皮黄酮得率的影响并采用响应面实验设计和多元二次回归分析优化了此提取工艺。结果表明,乙醇浓度76%,料液比1∶22(g/m L),提取温度68℃,提取时间2 h为最佳提取工艺条件。验证实验得到黄酮提取量为23.512 mg/g且黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除能力与V_C相当。各因素对菠萝蜜黄酮得率的影响次序是:提取温度>料液比>乙醇浓度>提取时间。因此,从菠萝蜜果皮中也能获得较高得率的黄酮,且该黄酮具有良好的抗氧化能力。      

响应曲面法优化淮山紫薯复合风味果冻工艺

研究复配原料(淮山∶紫薯=1∶1.5)质量分数、复配凝胶剂(卡拉胶∶魔芋粉=1∶1)质量分数和柠檬酸质量分数对淮山紫薯复合风味果冻品质的影响,并采用响应曲面法进行工艺优化。结果表明:淮山紫薯复合风味果冻最优工艺条件为复配原料质量分数1.63%、复配凝胶剂质量分数0.46%、柠檬酸质量分数0.17%。在此最优条件下制备的淮山紫薯复合风味果冻感官得分实测值为94,与预测值(95)接近;产品可溶性固形物含量为21.5%、总酸度0.2%,具有酸甜可口、色泽诱人、风味独特的特点。可见,利用响应曲面法优化淮山紫薯复合风味果冻工艺是可行的。      

卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响

目的 优化莲子果冻的制备工艺,并探究卡拉胶对莲子果冻凝胶特性及储藏品质的影响。方法 在单因素实验的基础上,通过感官评价、质构分析、低场核磁、傅里叶红外光谱和微生物平板计数法,对莲子果冻的理化指标和微生物指标进行测定。结果 当莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉的添加量分别为16%、4%和14%时,莲子果冻的感官评分最高。卡拉胶的添加可以提高果冻凝胶的强度和保水性。当卡拉胶的添加量为0.6%时,莲子果冻的硬度最好、弹性最佳。卡拉胶有序的双螺旋结构可以增强凝胶网络对水分子的束缚,降低果冻的横向弛豫时间,减少体系中的自由水分布。傅里叶红外光谱证明,卡拉胶通过氢键相互作用与蛋白质分子发生交联。莲子蛋白的二级结构随着卡拉胶的添加而发生改变,蛋白质的α-螺旋向β-折叠和β-转角转化,有利于促进凝胶网络的形成。适量的添加卡拉胶有助于提高果冻的持水能力,延长产品的货架期。莲子果冻经过20天的储藏,其微生物指标均符合国家标准。结论 卡拉胶的添加有助于改善以莲子泥、黄冰糖和白凉粉为主要原料的果冻产品的品质,研究结果对于莲子产业发展和新型功能食品的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

Preparation and physicochemical properties of modified jackfruit starches

Modifications of jackfruit starch, extracted from the cotyledons of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Thong Prasert cultivar), were carried out to obtain a pregelatinized starch, three (m-, n- and i-) carboxymethyl starches, a hydroxypropyl starch and a phosphate cross-linked starch. Physicochemical properties of native and modified jackfruit starches were comparatively investigated. Pregelatinized, hydroxypropyl, and cross-linked starches were insoluble or partially soluble in water at room temperature, while carboxymethyl starches were soluble with good overall water uptake. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed that granules of most modified jackfruit starches retained the native appearance and crystal structure, with the exception of pregelatinized starch and two (n- and i-) carboxymethyl starches, which showed significant breakage of granules. X-ray diffraction patterns corroborated to suggest the loss of crystallinity in these modified starches. Thermal analysis showed a significant decrease in the gelatinization temperature of hydroxypropyl starch with no change in enthalpy, while higher gelatinization temperature and less enthalpic value were observed for pregelatinized starch. Pregelatinized and hydroxypropyl starches showed temperature-dependent improvement on swelling and solubility, while cross-linked starch exhibited less solubility. Aqueous solution of m-carboxymethyl starch yielded the highest apparent viscosity with improved heating-cooling stability.     

茶叶籽淀粉提取工艺研究

以茶叶籽为原料,利用超声波辅助水提法工艺从中提取淀粉。响应面分析得出茶叶籽淀粉的最佳提取条件为：原料粉碎度60～80目,液固比为6．9：1（mL/g）,浸提温度48℃,浸提时间3．7h,兑浆水pH为9,超声时间40min。此条件下,淀粉提取率可达81．93％,粗淀粉中淀粉含量为84．53％。