狂犬病病毒CTN-1株基质蛋白密码子优化、原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的对狂犬病病毒CTN-1株基质蛋白(matrix protein,MP)密码子进行优化,原核表达重组蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体。方法通过GenBank查找狂犬病病毒CTN-1株M蛋白编码序列并体外合成,将目的序列插入原核表达载体pET-28b,构建重组质粒pET-28b-M,转入大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达M蛋白,经亲和层析和复性后,免疫豚鼠制备多克隆抗体,Western blot和间接ELISA检测多抗的免疫反应性以及效价。结果成功构建了pET-28b-M重组原核表达质粒,并在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达,经亲和层析及透析获得纯化的重组M蛋白,制备的多克隆抗体可与M蛋白发生特异性结合,效价达1∶21 870。结论成功优化表达了狂犬病病毒CTN-1株M蛋白,制备了高效价的多克隆抗体,为后续M蛋白生物学分析以及新型狂犬病疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

小鼠脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅱα融合基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达LHRH-TAT-DNaseⅡα融合基因(LTD),并制备多克隆抗体。方法采用PCR法克隆LTD基因片段,插入p ET-28a载体,构建重组原核表达质粒p ET-28a-LTD,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(Rossetta),经IPTG诱导表达。融合蛋白经电洗脱分离纯化后,免疫獭兔,制备LTD蛋白多克隆抗体,采用ELISA法检测抗血清效价。结果构建的重组原核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;纯化得到的融合蛋白相对分子质量为39 270,浓度为0.5 mg/ml,可被兔抗LTD抗体识别。血清抗体效价可达1∶6 400。结论成功原核表达了DNaseⅡ融合蛋白LTD,并制备了多克隆抗体,为进一步研究DNaseⅡ蛋白体内外抗肿瘤活性及作用机制奠定了基础。     

小反刍兽疫病毒F蛋白的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)F蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体。方法根据GenBank中登录的PPRV Nigeria 75/1株F基因全长序列,采用DNAStar软件设计去除F基因信号肽和跨膜区的引物,进行RT-PCR扩增,并克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达。表达的重组蛋白纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析,免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备多克隆抗体,并初步应用于PPRV的检测。结果重组原核表达质粒pET-32a(+)-PPRV-F经双酶切和测序证实构建正确;表达的重组F蛋白相对分子质量约59 000,诱导6 h表达量最高,且主要以包涵体形式表达;纯化的重组蛋白纯度可达95%以上;免疫小鼠制备的多抗能与纯化的重组蛋白发生特异性反应,抗体效价高于1∶64 000;间接免疫荧光试验显示,制备的多抗能够识别PPRV Nigeria 75/1株全病毒抗原。结论原核表达了PPRVF蛋白,并制备了高效价的多克隆抗体,为其进一步研究及小反刍兽疫临床快速检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

寨卡病毒E蛋白第三结构域的可溶性表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达并纯化寨卡病毒(Zika virus)E蛋白第三结构域(ZK-EⅢ)重组蛋白,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法 PCR扩增ZK-E Ⅲ序列,经双酶切后将其插入原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-ZKE Ⅲ,转化至大肠埃希菌(E. coli)Rosetta2(DE3),经IPTG诱导,表达的重组蛋白经亲和层析和阴离子交换层析纯化后,免疫家兔,制备ZK-E Ⅲ多克隆抗血清,进行Western blot鉴定后,ELISA法检测该抗血清效价。结果经PCR及测序鉴定证明原核表达质粒pET-ZKE Ⅲ构建正确,表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约31 000,主要以可溶性形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白的60%;用纯化的重组蛋白免疫家兔后,获得的血清特异性良好,血清效价为1∶51 200。结论 ZKE Ⅲ蛋白在E. coli中以可溶性形式表达,制备的抗血清特异性好,效价高,具有用于寨卡病毒诊断和进行重组亚单位疫苗开发的潜力。     

新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶(New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1,NDM-1),并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以临床分离的产NDM-1的臭鼻克雷伯杆菌为模板,PCR扩增NDM-1基因,克隆入pET-28a载体,构建重组原核表达质粒pET-28a-NDM-1,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)pLyss,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白。表达的重组蛋白经硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析、Ni亲和层析及分子筛层析纯化后,免疫日本大耳白兔,制备NDM-1多克隆抗体。抗体经硫酸铵沉淀和SPA-Sepharose亲和层析纯化后,Western blot鉴定其特异性。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a-NDM-1经PCR及测序鉴定构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为28 000,诱导表达的重组菌破菌上清存在较强的β-内酰胺酶活性,表明NDM-1蛋白为可溶性形式表达;最终纯化获得的NDM-1蛋白纯度高于95%;制备的NDM-1多克隆抗体能与诱导表达的重组菌胞外蛋白特异性结合。结论成功原核表达了NDM-1,并制备了其多克隆抗体,为NDM-1的快速检测提供了新的思路。     

人呼吸道合胞病毒截短F1蛋白的原核表达及其免疫原性评价

目的原核表达重组人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)A型Long株截短F1融合性蛋白,并评价其免疫原性。方法采用RT-PCR法扩增HRSV截短F1蛋白基因序列,克隆至pET-28b表达载体,构建重组原核表达质粒RSV F1/pET-28b,转化大肠埃希菌Shuffle T7菌株,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析;用Ni亲和层析柱纯化,纯化产物经SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析。将纯化的重组截短F1蛋白免疫ICR小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗体效价。结果重组原核表达质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;表达的截短F1蛋白相对分子质量约44 000,主要以包涵体形式存在,纯度达90.6%。重组截短F1蛋白免疫小鼠血清抗体效价最高可达1∶4 096。结论原核表达的重组HRSV截短F1蛋白免疫原性好,为单克隆抗体的制备及检测试剂盒的研究奠定了基础。     

埃可病毒6型表面特异性抗原VP1的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达埃可病毒6型表面特异性蛋白VP1,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法筛选VP1蛋白氨基酸序列中抗原性强的片段,优化基因序列,分别构建重组表达质粒p GEX-4T-2-vp1和p ET-28a-vp1。将经双酶切及测序鉴定正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,进行15%SDS-PAGE鉴定。将融合蛋白VP1-GST及VP1-His分别用Glutathione resin和High Affinity Ni-NTA resin进行纯化。以纯化后的VP1-His融合蛋白作为免疫原免疫新西兰大耳白兔,制备多克隆抗体,以VP1-GST融合蛋白为检测抗原,间接ELISA法检测血清抗体效价,Western blot法检测血清抗体特异性。结果经双酶切及测序鉴定证明,重组质粒p GEX-4T-2-vp1和p ET-28a-vp1构建正确。VP1-GST和VP1-His融合蛋白的相对分子质量分别为38 000和19 000,两种融合蛋白分别以可溶性蛋白和包涵体形式表达,约占菌体总蛋白的60%和30%,纯化后的纯度均90%。兔抗VP1血清效价为1∶320 000,可与融合蛋白VP1-GST和VP1-His发生特异性结合。结论成功原核表达了融合蛋白VP1-His和VP1-GST,且VP1-His具有良好的免疫原性,其制备的多克隆抗体的特异性较好,为埃可病毒快速检测技术的建立奠定了基础。     

肺炎链球菌表面蛋白A的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达、纯化肺炎链球菌表面蛋白A(pneumococcal surface protein A,Psp A),并制备多克隆抗体。方法应用ANTHEWIN、DNAstar等分子生物学软件,对Psp A氨基酸序列进行分析,筛选出抗原表位富集区(第33~109个氨基酸),选用原核生物偏爱的密码子优化基因序列,化学合成全新的基因序列pspa,插入质粒p GEX-4T-2和p ET28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒p GEX-4T-2-pspa和p ET28a(+)-pspa,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。分别纯化带有GST标签和His标签的Psp A重组蛋白GST-Psp A和His-Psp A,以His-Psp A作为免疫原,经背部多点免疫新西兰大耳白兔,间接ELISA法检测血清抗体效价,Western blot法检测血清抗体特异性。结果两种重组表达质粒p GEX-4T-2-pspa和p ET28a(+)-pspa经双酶切鉴定构建正确;表达的两种重组蛋白GST-Psp A和His-Psp A相对分子质量分别约为33 000和18 000,均为可溶性表达,纯化后目的蛋白条带均无降解,纯度约为95%,蛋白浓度分别为2和0.2 mg/ml;制备的兔抗血清效价较高,可达1∶200 000,且特异性较好。结论原核表达并纯化了肺炎链球菌Psp A融合蛋白,并制备了特异性良好的高效价兔抗血清,为下一步建立肺炎链球菌快速检测技术奠定了基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒58型截短型L1蛋白与结核分枝杆菌早期分泌型抗原靶蛋白-6的融合表达及其抗血清的制备

目的原核表达人乳头瘤病毒(Human papilloma virus,HPV)58型截短型L1(Truncated L1,tL1)蛋白与结核分枝杆菌早期分泌型抗原靶蛋白-6(Early secreted antigenic target-6,ESAT-6)融合蛋白,并制备其抗血清。方法利用PCR技术分别从HPV基因组DNA和ESAT-6-18T质粒DNA中扩增tL1和ESAT-6基因,构建重组原核表达质粒ESAT-6-tL1-pET-21a,分别转化E.coli BL21(DE3)和Rosetta,IPTG诱导表达。表达的融合蛋白ESAT-6-tL1经镍离子亲和层析柱纯化后免疫昆明小鼠,ELISA检测血清抗体效价。结果 PCR扩增出750 bp的tL1基因片段和320 bp的ESAT-6基因片段,测序结果与GenBank登录的序列一致;重组表达质粒ESAT-6-tL1-pET-21a经双酶切鉴定,构建正确;表达的ESAT-6-tL1融合蛋白相对分子质量约40 000,在E.coli Rosetta中的表达形式为包涵体,纯化后纯度为85%,免疫小鼠血清抗体效价为1:4 000。结论成功表达了ESAT-6-tL1融合蛋白,并制备了其抗血清,为进一步研制检测HPV58的抗体奠定了基础。     

柯萨奇病毒A组6型衣壳蛋白VP1的原核表达及其抗血清的制备

目的原核表达柯萨奇病毒A组6型(Coxsackie virus group A 6 strain,CVA6)衣壳蛋白VP1,并制备其抗血清。方法合成经密码子优化的CVA6-VP1全长基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组质粒pET-28a-VP1,转化感受态E. coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白,同时优化IPTG终浓度(0. 1、0. 2、0. 3、0. 5 mmol/L)、诱导温度(15、20、25、30℃)及诱导时间(6、8、12、16 h)。表达产物采用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析纯化,将纯化重组蛋白免疫新西兰兔,制备VP1抗血清,微量细胞病变法检测血清抗体效价。结果重组质粒p ET-28a-VP1经双酶切及测序鉴定,构建正确。重组蛋白最适诱导条件为:IPTG终浓度为0. 3 mmol/L,诱导温度为15℃,诱导时间为12 h。重组蛋白相对分子质量约34 000,于上清和包涵体中均有表达,纯化后纯度可达95%以上。兔血清效价均> 1∶8,呈阳性。结论成功于原核表达系统中高效表达了可溶性CVA6-VP1蛋白,且获得效价较高的抗血清。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.