利用玉米芯木聚糖酶法制备低聚木糖的研究

该文采用源于Thermotoga maritima的木聚糖酶基因工程菌JMl09(DE3)／pET-20b-xynB制备木聚糖酶液，试验结果表明，工程菌产木聚糖酶的最佳诱导条件：诱导剂乳糖浓度为25mmol／L；诱导时间为6h。酶法制备低聚木糖时，采用3％～5％的底物浓度和11．25U／g的酶用量较为适宜。TLC检测海栖热袍菌木聚糖酶水解玉米芯木聚糖的酶解产物主要为木二糖和木三糖。     

用玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖

本文报道了制备木聚糖酶所用最经济斜面和最佳碳源。研究探讨了以稀碱液处理玉米芯作原料，用sp.E-86菌株产的木聚糖酶制备低聚木糖。用TLC法测定研究所得的产物是以木糖、木二糖为主的低聚木糖产品。     

以玉米芯为原料酶法制备低聚木糖的研究

以玉米芯为原料,在固液比1：10,NaOH 质量浓度4%,50℃条件下处理24h,木聚糖提取率为91．0%。利用木聚糖酶降解木聚糖制备低聚木糖,确立了最佳酶解工艺条件为：50℃,pH 4．8,木聚糖底物质量浓度 3．0%,每克底物的木聚糖酶用量为50IU,反应时间0．5h。在上述反应条件下,产品平均聚合度为3．61,低聚木糖得率为91．2%。该研究结果在可再生半纤维素资源利用方面具有重要的意义。     

酶解玉米芯制备木糖的工艺研究

采用微生物法从玉米芯制取木糖包括原料预处理和酶水解两部分,预处理技术及工艺直接影响酶解的效果。实验确定了适合酶解的预处理方法为减液预处理和稀硫酸条件下的高温预处理,经酶解后木糖的含量分别为21．16％和22．22％。     

低聚木糖的酶法生产

确立了玉米芯经稀酸预处理后加水蒸煮提取木聚糖 ,然后再加酶水解提取液的生产低聚木糖的工艺路线 .玉米芯在质量分数为 0 .1%的H2 SO4 溶液中于 6 0℃下浸泡 12h后 ,滤去浸泡液并水洗至 pH 6左右 ,然后采用液固比 10∶1,150℃ ,30min的蒸煮条件进行蒸煮 .结果表明 ,可溶性木聚糖的提取得率达 17% (按玉米芯计 ) ,提取液的RS/TS小于 33% .提取液和渣一起用木聚糖酶进行水解 ,可获得阿拉伯糖 /葡萄糖 /木糖 /木二糖 /木三糖之比为 7.7∶6 .8∶11.5∶54.1∶19.8的高纯度低聚木糖产品 .低聚木糖的质量分数大于 70 % (对总糖 ) ,且产品的可溶性总糖得率达2 6 .4 % (对玉米芯 ) .     

玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖的碱法提取及酶解分析

为研究碱法提取玉米芯中水不溶性木聚糖的优化条件及产物组成,用单因素试验评价预处理温度、NaOH浓度、料液比、提取温度与时间对提取率的影响之后,通过正交试验L16(45)确定最佳提取条件是:40℃预煮,15%NaOH溶液,固液比1∶15,100℃提取4 h,过滤,调节滤液pH值至7.0,静置过夜后离心得沉淀,洗涤沉淀,烘干后即得水不溶性木聚糖。在上述条件下玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖提取率为20.86%。对碱法提取的玉米芯水不溶性木聚糖进行木聚糖酶水解及产物分析,结果几种木聚糖酶均能使水不溶性木聚糖产生木二糖、木三糖及木四糖含量较高的低聚糖。     

用于低聚木糖生产的玉米芯木聚糖的蒸煮法提取

通过对几种不同的木聚糖提取方法的比较，确立了酸预处理后加水蒸煮的方法提取低聚木糖生产用木聚糖的工艺路线。首先将玉米芯用质量浓度为１ｇ／Ｌ的Ｈ２ＳＯ４在６０℃下浸泡１２ｈ，滤去浸泡液，然后加水至固液比为１∶１０，在１５０℃蒸煮３０ｍｉｎ．采用此工艺木聚糖的提取得率可达到１７％（按玉米芯计），提取液的还原糖与总糖质量之比小于３３％．该法得到的提取液（和渣一起）用自制的木聚糖酶水解，可获得ｍ（木糖）∶ｍ（木二糖）∶ｍ（木三糖）＝１∶５∶２．７的高纯度低聚木糖产品，产品总糖的得率达到２６．４％（按玉米芯计）。     

超声波预处理棉籽壳酶法制备低聚木糖的工艺研究

本文以棉籽壳为原料制备低聚木糖。以超声温度、超声时间,料液比和Na OH浓度为单因素,采用正交实验设计确定了超声波预处理提取木聚糖的最优条件,即超声温度60℃,超声时间30 min,料液比为1∶15,Na OH浓度为8%,此时木聚糖得率为33.66%。在单因素料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度的实验基础上,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计原理,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,以低聚木糖含量为响应值建立数学模型,确定了最佳酶解工艺条件:料液比1∶20,加酶量4%,酶解时间3.5 h,酶解温度64℃,此时低聚木糖含量为3.35 mg/m L。      

超声波预处理棉籽壳酶法制备低聚木糖的工艺研究

本文以棉籽壳为原料制备低聚木糖。以超声温度、超声时间,料液比和Na OH浓度为单因素,采用正交实验设计确定了超声波预处理提取木聚糖的最优条件,即超声温度60℃,超声时间30 min,料液比为1∶15,Na OH浓度为8%,此时木聚糖得率为33.66%。在单因素料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度的实验基础上,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计原理,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,以低聚木糖含量为响应值建立数学模型,确定了最佳酶解工艺条件:料液比1∶20,加酶量4%,酶解时间3.5 h,酶解温度64℃,此时低聚木糖含量为3.35 mg/m L。     

以Bacillus pumlis.木聚糖酶水解玉米芯制备木寡糖

木聚糖酶对 Birch wood,Oat spelt和自制玉米芯木聚糖的水解结果表明,不同来源的木聚糖对木聚糖酶水解的影响非常明显,硬本属的 Birch wood的水解效果较好,自制玉米芯木聚糖的水解效果优于同属于禾本科的 Oat Spelt。自制玉米芯木聚糖的水解结果表明,可溶性木聚糖能够被木聚糖酶有效水解而不溶性木聚糖几乎不被水解,长链木聚糖比短链木聚糖更容易被木聚糖酶水解。采用HPLC对自制玉米芯木聚糖水解液的组成进行分析,结果表明,水解液中低聚木糖的主要成分为木二糖、木三糖和木四糖,占水解液中总糖的80％以上。     

酶法制备玉米芯低聚木糖工艺条件的研究

采用质量分数为10％的NaOH提取玉米芯木聚糖,并对玉米芯木聚糖进行酶法水解,响应面法(RSM法)优化酶解条件.结果表明:玉米芯木聚糖的最佳酶解条件为酶添加量70 U/g、反应时间10 h、玉米芯木聚糖悬浮液质量浓度4 g/(100ml).TLC及HPLC分析表明:酶解液中含有木糖、木二糖、木三糖、木四糖,其中木二糖和木三糖的含量较高.HPLC定量结果表明酶解液中木糖、木二糖和木三糖的含量分别为1.7、3.1和3.6 mg/ml.     

假丝酵母发酵玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇

玉米芯是廉价的可再生资源,利用玉米芯半纤维素水解液发酵生产木糖醇,具有工艺简单、能耗小、产品质量好等特点。假丝酵母（Candida tropicalis）菌株经驯化后显著地提高了对水解液中发酵抑制物的耐受力,从而提高了木糖醇得率。确定发酵温度、初糖浓度、pH值、接种量、通气量等因素对发酵生产木糖醇的影响,并对其进行优化,优化结果为接种量10％（v／v）,种子龄24h,温度为30％,起始pH值为5．5,并且在发酵过程中补加适量氮源,木糖醇得率达61％。该方法大大降低了预处理的成本,有良好的应用前景。     

Monascus pigment production by solid-state fermentation with corn cob substrate

Natural pigments are an important alternative to potentially harmful synthetic dyes. We investigated the feasibility of corn cob powder as a substrate for production of pigments by Monascus purpureus KACC 42430 in solid-state fermentation. A pigment yield of 25.42 OD Units/gram of dry fermented substrate was achieved with corn cob powder and optimized process parameters, including 60% (w/w) initial moisture content, incubation at 30°C, inoculation with 4 mL of spores/gram of dry substrate, and an incubation period of 7 days. Pigment yield using corn cobs greatly exceeded those of most other agricultural waste substrates. The pigments were stable at acidic pH, high temperatures, and in salt solutions; all important considerations for industrial applications. Our results indicate the viability of corn cob substrate in combination with M. purpureus for industrial applications.     

Comparative production of xylanase and the liberation of xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass by Aspergillus brasiliensis BLf1 and recombinant Aspergillus nidulans XynC A773

We investigated the simultaneous production of xylanase and the liberation of xylooligosaccharides in rice husk solid‐state cultivations of Aspergillus brasiliensis BLf1 and by the recombinant Aspergillus nidulans XynC A773 strain. The bioprocess was optimised by experimental fractional design and response surface analysis. Results show that both fungi strains produced xylanases and their activities were dependent on the addition of basal medium, moisture content and the interactions between particle size and inoculum size, producing maximum xylanase activities of 230.7 U g^?1 substrate for A. brasiliensis, and 187.9 U g^?1 substrate for A. nidulans XynC. Xylooligosaccharides were liberated in the same cultures, with concentrations up to 17.6 mg g^?1 and 23.9 mg g^?1 of substrate for A. brasiliensis and A. nidulans XynC, respectively, both strains presenting similar profiles, with xylose residues varying from X3 to X6. These results suggest the possibility of lowering production costs of enzymes for food applications and oligosaccharides.     

Expression of recombinant Thermomonospora fusca xylanase A in Pichia pastoris and xylooligosaccharides released from xylans by it

The mature peptide of Thermomonospora fusca xylanase A (TfxA) was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The activity of recombinant T. fusca xylanase A (reTfxA) in culture supernatant was 117.3 ± 2.4 U/mg, which is 3 times higher than that of the native TfxA. The optimal temperature and pH for reTfxA were 60 °C and 6.0, respectively. When treated at 70 °C and pH 6.0 for 2 min, the residual activity of the reTfxA was 70%. The reTfxA was very stable over a wide pH range (5.0–9.0). After incubation over pH 5.0–9.0 at 25 °C for 1 h, all the residual activity of reTfxA was over 80%. The K_m and k_cat values for reTfxA were 2.45 mg/ml and 139 s⁻¹, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that xylobiose (X2) was the main hydrolysis product released from birchwood xylan and wheat bran insoluble xylan by reTfxA. Hydrolysis results of xylooligosaccharides showed that reTfxA was an endo-acting xylanase and xylobiose, xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), xylopentaose (X5), and xylohexaose (X6) could be hydrolysed. This is the first report on the expression of reTfxA in yeast and on the determining and quantifying of the hydrolysis products released from xylans and xylooligosaccharides by reTfxA.     

玉米芯降解物抗氧化能力的研究

以经过碱解、酶解反应后剩余的玉米芯残渣为原料,采用酸降解残渣,研究降解物的抗氧化能力。通过测定其清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的能力,及还原能力和油脂氧化稳定性的能力,探讨其抗氧化能力。结果表明,玉米芯降解物的抗氧化活性优于对香豆酸。      

利用玉米芯渣产纤维素酶条件的优化

以玉米芯渣为培养基料,通过单因素及正交试验,对绿色木霉T9806菌株固态发酵产纤维素酶的培养条件进行摸索。结果表明,最佳培养基组成为:麸皮15.27%,玉米芯渣22.91%,(NH4)2SO40.4%,MgSO40.12%,CaCl20.12%,ZnSO4 0.08%,加水量61.1%。利用最佳培养基配方,在250mL三角瓶中于35℃下恒温培养96h,纤维素酶酶活可达到8132μ/g干曲。     

玉米芯不溶性膳食纤维制备工艺的研究

以玉米芯为原料,采用酸碱结合法提取不溶性膳食纤维,对提取过程中酸、碱用量和反应时间进行优化。结果表明：玉米芯在料液比1∶10（g∶mL）,反应温度95 ℃,硫酸体积分数2.0%条件下提取40 min,漂洗后,再于料液比1∶10（g∶mL）,反应温度95 ℃,NaOH质量浓度2.0 g/100 mL条件下提取60 min,可制得膨胀力为4.1 mL/g,持水力为5.1 g/g的终产品。产物的蛋白质、淀粉含量显著降低,分别为0.7 g/100 g、7.4 g/100 g,吸油性能有显著提升,为2.3 g/100 g,还原能力略有下降,A700 nm为0.327。     

利用玉米芯制备对香豆酸和低聚木糖的研究

采用氢氧化钙代替氢氧化钠从玉米芯中提取对香豆酸,而后采用酶法水解残渣制备低聚木糖。提取对香豆酸的最佳工艺为:料液比(玉米芯∶提取液)1∶10,氢氧化钙用量0.1g/g玉米芯,室温下提取24h。在此条件下,对香豆酸提取率为10.66mg/g。提取对香豆酸后的残渣用清水洗至中性,在料液比1∶15(玉米芯∶提取液)的条件下,用木聚糖酶酶解,经响应面实验得其最佳工艺条件:酶添加量8g/L、温度55℃、pH5.0、时间8h。在此条件下,酶解产生的还原糖含量为155.84mg/g,可溶性总糖含量为379.61mg/g,平均聚合度为2.43。