大庆乙烯装置稀释蒸汽发生系统存在的问题及处理措施

中国石油大庆石化公司老区稀释蒸汽发生系统在长期运行过程中出现急冷水乳化、稀释蒸汽发生量少、外排水量大等问题。通过优化流程和改进日常操作管理,稀释蒸汽发生系统状况有较大改进。解决了长期运行中的难题,达到了节能降耗减排目的。     

急冷系统换热流程优化

乙烯装置急冷系统通过优化换热流程,使裂解炉空气预热器全部恢复投用,同时实现急冷水塔塔顶、塔底温度正常控制,实现节能减排目标,提高了装置竞争力。     

乙烯装置急冷油减粘技术

通过对乙烯装置急冷油粘度高的原因、粘度对工艺产生的影响、传统的减粘技术和减粘塔减粘技术等的分析，得到了急冷油粘度控制的最佳方法，对同类装置有参考价值。     

乙烯装置急冷油系统稳定运行分析

针对乙烯装置急冷油系统运行难点进行分析,对引起汽油分馏塔的聚合物堵塞原因进行总结,对汽油分馏塔内的聚合物堵塞过程进行分析,指出聚合组分浓度和塔内温度是汽油分馏塔聚合堵塞的关键因素,对急冷油系统的焦粉颗粒细小的原因进行分析,提出了焦粉清除的有效方案.并指出了在运行期间急冷油系统需要关注的重要参数点.     

乙烯装置急冷油系统减粘技术的研究进展

简述了乙烯装置急冷油系统的工艺流程；介绍了传统的和现行的急冷油减粘方法，重点介绍了减粘塔技术和添加减粘剂技术；分析了急冷油粘度增长的影响因素；总结了当前在急冷油粘度变化和减粘剂减粘原理方面的研究进展；最后提出了急冷油减粘技术的发展方向。     

乙烯装置急冷油粘度增长机理的研究

对乙烯裂解装置中急冷油粘度增长的原因及反应机理进行了分析探讨,并提出了急冷油减粘剂的开发方向。     

中原乙烯装置高负荷运行的问题与对策

针对乙烯装置五炉高负荷运行时塔顶温度高，FA－520罐积液困逡，裂解气压综机吸入压力高待主要问题提出解决办法，使装置负荷得到提高。     

减粘塔技术在乙烯急冷系统改造中的应用

2002年扬子第二轮乙烯改造中应用减粘塔技术,成功解决了长期存在的急冷油粘度高的问题。文中介绍了减粘塔减粘技术的工作原理、减粘塔的投用和优化操作情况,以及投用减粘塔后急冷油系统的优化调整工作,并达到安全稳定经济运行的效果。     

乙烯装置急冷油系统减粘技术的研究

基于乙烯装置急冷油和急冷系统结垢物的组成分析，探讨了急冷油增粘和系统结垢的机理．研究了适用于急冷油系统的新型减粘剂RIPP-1420和减粘剂的注入技术。结果表明，RIPP-1420减粘剂和该注入技术能有效降低急冷油系统物料的粘度，减少结垢物的生成。     

乙烯装置急冷系统优化措施

针对四川石化乙烯装置急冷系统运行过程中出现影响装置稳定运行的一些问题,分析急冷油粘度高的危害、急冷油粘度的影响因素,提出乙烯装置急冷系统的优化措施。     

Influence of Impurities on High-Temperature Reactions of Kaolinite

When kaolinite is heated for differential thermal analysis (DTA) the second exothermic peak (∼1275°C) is due to growth of mullite crystals accelerated by formation of a liquid phase. The third exothermic peak (∼1460°C) is due to crystallization of cristobalite. Addition or presence of impurity oxides causes the second peak to shift in temperature and accelerates the formation of cristobalite so that the third peak may appear as low as the second exothermic peak temperature.     

PET-PBT共聚酯的流变性能研究

共聚酯的流变性能的研究表明:共聚酯的熔体是典型的切力变稀假塑性流体。共聚酯熔体粘度随ＰＢＴ链段的引入及含量的增加而下降,同时也随温度的升高而降低。第三组份的引入和分子量的提高也使共聚酯的熔体粘度呈下降趋势。共聚酯熔体的粘流活化能均低于常规ＰＥＴ,而其非牛顿指数ｎ值均高于常规ＰＥＴ,且随温度的升高及第三组份的引入而增大。     

不钝化更换第一、三层低变触媒小结

介绍了低变触媒在不钝化的情况下更换第一、三层的方法,并通过生产实践证明了其可行性。该方法既节约生产成本和时间,又对还原态的第二层低变触媒活性无影响。     

Performance optimization of solar multi-stage flash desalination process using Pinch technology

This paper presents a performance optimization of solar multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination process using Pinch technology. Three different situations were studied by using pinch analysis in this paper, respectively. Firstly, the distilled water is not discharged in each middle stage. Secondly, the distilled water is discharged in each stage. Thirdly, the distilled water is discharged every 5 stages. Pinch charts at different situations are given. At the same stage temperature difference (2 k) and pinch point temperature difference (2 k), the first situation has a higher gain output rate (GOR), about 17.5, and the second and third have lower GOR, around 9. However, GOR is easily influenced by abnormal stage temperature difference at the first situation, and but not in the second and third. The GOR rests on the working temperature range of MSF and the sum of both the maximum stage temperature difference and pinch point temperature difference. To enhance the GOR, it is suggested that we should use the wide working temperature range of MSF, not pumped out the distilled water at middle stages, and keep the same stage temperature difference without fluctuate.     

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Deacetylation of β‐Chitin

β‐Chitin was extracted from squid pens and its heterogeneous alkaline deacetylation was performed under various conditions. The kinetics of the first, second and third deacetylation reaction of β‐chitin was investigated under conditions minimizing bulk mass transfer. It was found that the effects of temperature and reaction time on the first, second and third deacetylation of β‐chitin were similar. A shrinking core model of a sphere with surface reaction is proposed to describe the deacetylation reaction of β‐chitin. The experimental data fit the theoretical model very well. The controlling step of the reaction changes from the chemical reaction to diffusion through an ash layer with increase in temperature and time of deacetylation. The phenomenon of stagnation is mainly caused by the structure of β‐chitin.     

聚砜酰胺原液凝固性能研究

研究了凝固浴浓度、原液温度、聚合物相对分子质量、凝固浴中的盐分、共聚物分布序列和第三单体物质的量对聚砜酰胺原液的凝固值和临界浓度的影响。结果表明：凝固浴浓度越高,凝固值越高,而临界浓度基本不变;随着原液温度的提高,凝固值略有提高,临界浓度略有下降;凝固浴中盐分含量越大,凝固值越高,临界浓度越低;聚合物相对分子质量越大,凝固值越低,临界浓度越高;共聚物大分子链越规整,第三单体含量越少,则凝固值越低,临界浓度越高。     

陶瓷的高温疲劳失效破坏准则

对陶瓷高温疲劳破坏特性进行了研究,并提出高温疲劳评价方法和破坏准则。第一准则是评价疲劳强度-寿命的疲劳破坏准则;第二准则是评价热应变一时间的热应变损伤准则;第三准则是评价变形-应力-时间的高温疲劳变形准则。文中还提出了评价强度-寿命的逐级加载法,该法节省试验时间、使用方便。     

Moment Theory of Band Spreading,Skew ness,and Resolution in Programmed Temperature Gas Chromatography

Abstract

Expressions for first, second, and third moments are developed for a simple model of gas-liquid partition Chromatography with linear temperature programming. The results show how increased heating rate causes increased sharpening of output peaks, even though resolution is decreased. Second and third central moments are nearly inversely proportional to heating rate.     

锌钙系磷化的最新应用研究

研究了3种新的锌钙系磷化工艺和配方，中温高耐蚀黑色磷化，磷化膜细致，耐蚀性优异，可用于钢铁的防锈磷化；钙改良的低温低锌磷化，钙的加入有利于镀锌板，铝板，钢板的复合件的磷化，可用于电泳涂装，中温耐热锌钙系磷化可用于需高温烘烤涂料涂装前的磷化处理，锌钙系磷化是磷化技术发展的一个方向。     

氧化反应系统温度异常原因分析

对2019年10月起PTA装置氧化反应系统温度异常情况进行分析.蒸汽透平旁路冷凝器泄漏是主要原因.循环水携带钙镁金属及其它沉积物进入凝液系统,造成氧化反应器1、2、3级冷凝器换热能力变差,进而氧化反应系统温度异常.