可染间位芳纶的制备及性能研究

将端羧基超支化聚酯(EHBP)和间位芳香族聚酰胺(PMIA)浆液共混,制备改性PMIA膜;将共混改性浆液通过湿法纺丝制备PMIA/EHBP改性纤维;研究了EHBP添加量对改性PMIA膜上染率的影响,对改性浆液的流变性和改性纤维的力学性能、玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性、染色性能进行表征。结果表明:添加EHBP质量分数10%时,改性PMIA膜的上染率达97.94%,比纯PMIA膜的上染率提高134%;与纯PMIA纤维相比,添加EHBP质量分数为10%,PMIA/EHBP改性浆液的可纺性提高,PMIA/EHBP改性纤维的上染率提高29%,但力学性能稍有下降,玻璃化转变温度降低5.99℃;PMIA与EHBP的相容性好,添加EHBP对PMIA纤维的热稳定性没有影响。     

稀土改性尼龙66纤维染色性能研究

采用对比的方法,对稀土改性尼龙66纤维和普通尼龙66纤维的染色性能进行了研究。结果发现:稀土改性尼龙66纤维的上染率明显高于普通尼龙66纤维,对于各种染料上染率一般提高10%-20%,而且上染速度也快得多。这种改性纤维染色的皂洗牢度等于成稍高于普通尼龙66纤维,而日晒牢度基本上没有变化。另外染色织物的色调略有一些变化。其原因在于:这种稀土改性尼龙68纤维中,稀土离子的作用使染料与纤维之间的作用力增大,使染料更易于上染到纤维上,而且结合牢度增强。     

丙烯酰胺接枝海藻酸纤维的耐碱性研究

采用等离子体处理接枝共聚的方法对海藻酸纤维表面接枝丙烯酰胺,以改善纤维的耐碱性,利用红外吸收光谱和扫描电镜对改性纤维进行表征;探讨了等离子体处理纤维的工艺条件,研究了改性纤维的吸湿性和力学性能。结果表明:海藻酸纤维表面已接枝上丙烯酰胺;等离子体处理和接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:放电功率100 W,放电时间4 min,丙烯酰胺质量分数40%,接枝时间60 min。改性后的纤维碱溶解率为0.23%,吸湿性没有显著变化,但断裂强度提高。     

分子筛改性PET纤维的制备和性能研究

将分子筛、添加剂(分散剂、交联剂)以不同的比例和PET切片共混进行母粒法熔融纺丝,制得分子筛改性PET纤维,并测定纤维的力学性能、吸湿性能和染色性能。结果表明：当纤维中分子筛质量分数为2%时,改性PET纤维的可纺性较好;添加剂含量存在最佳值,与纯PET纤维相比,分子筛：分散剂(质量比)为1．0：1．8时,改性纤维断裂强度提高39．7%,含湿率提高30．4%,上染率提高7．7%;分子筛：分散剂：交联剂(质量比)为1．0：1．2：0．2时,改性纤维断裂强度可提高62．7%。分子筛在改性PET纤维中分散均匀,并形成了拟网状结构。     

等离子体技术对高性能有机纤维表面改性的研究

本文简要介绍了几种高性能有机纤维(芳纶、PBO、UHMWPE、PPS等)的性能及其应用,并阐述了低温等离子体技术对这些纤维表面性能的改性研究情况,发现等离子体处理可以对纤维表面产生物理刻蚀和化学改性作用,不仅能显著增加纤维的表面粗糙度,还能在纤维表面引入一些极性基团,降低纤维的表面能,从而提高了纤维与树脂基体的粘结性能;同时,等离子体技术操作简单,对环境污染少,因而是一种很有效的环境友好型改性技术,很适合运用在高性能有机纤维表面改性领域.     

等离子体处理对芳纶性能的影响

芳纶作为增强材料在复合材料中有广泛的应用,其界面性能是影响其复合材料界面粘结性能的重要因素。分别采用H2、空气低温等离子体对芳纶表面进行了处理。研究了等离子体表面改性后芳纶性能的变化。结果表明:经低温等离子体处理后纤维表面张力增大,由46.0mN·m-1增加到63.2mN·m-1;表面极性增强,极性分数由58.0%提高到69.9%,而纤维单丝断裂强度未有明显变化。     

聚苯硫醚砜纤维和聚芳砜纤维的制备及其性能研究

以2.0 dtex、51mm的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维为原料,以双氧水为氧化剂、冰乙酸为催化剂,对PPS纤维进行氧化改性处理,通过改变氧化反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件,制备聚苯硫醚砜(PPSO)纤维和聚芳砜(PASO)纤维,并对改性纤维的结构形貌及性能进行表征。结果表明:在双氧水:蒸馏水:冰乙酸质量比为50:25:25、氧化反应时间为5 h的条件下,当氧化反应温度为25～60℃时得到PPSO纤维,当氧化反应温度升高至80℃时得到PASO纤维;氧化改性过程中,伴随着硫(S)原子流失和聚芳烃的生成,改性纤维中出现大量氧(O)元素,证明PPS纤维被成功氧化改性;氧化处理对纤维的表面形貌影响不大,但纤维力学性能降低;经硝酸溶液浸泡处理后,PPS纤维强度保持率为79.8%,而PASO纤维强度保持率提高到112.2%, PPSO纤维强度保持率高达138.1%,说明氧化改性后的PPS纤维抗氧化能力明显提高。     

等离子体射流载气流量大小对玻璃纤维改性效果影响的研究

通过大气压等离子体射流在玻璃纤维（GF）表面沉积氧化硅（SiOx）纳米颗粒的方法改善玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GFRP）复合材料的界面结合性能,利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱等表征分析了改性纤维的表面形貌、化学成分、润湿性能和复合材料的界面结合性能,并考察了等离子体射流载气流量大小对GF改性效果的影响。结果表明,当载气流量为40 mL/min时,GF的改性效果最好,且此时GF的表面能相比对照组提高了43.18%,GFRP复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了30.79%;经过等离子体处理后,GF的表面粗糙度增大,极性官能团增多,复合材料的界面结合性能提升。     

等离子体改性牦牛毛

采用微波电子回旋共振等离子体反应离子刻蚀(ECR-R IE)装置对牦牛毛纤维进行表面改性,从而改善牦牛毛的可纺性。研究了各等离子体参数对牦牛毛纤维性能的影响。通过SEM、XPS及吸附性能等的分析,结果表明,在相同参数的等离子体条件下,随着产生等离子体的微波功率的增大,对牦牛毛纤维表面的刻蚀效果增强;经过等离子体处理过的牦牛毛纤维的亲水性,上染率等都有明显的提高,说明该方法是一条切实可行的路线。     

DBD冷等离子体处理云南松表面时效性研究

采用空气介质阻挡放电(DBD)冷等离子体改性云南松木材表面,利用水和二碘甲烷测试不同放置时间木材表面接触角,根据Young-Good-Girifalco-Fowkes方程公式计算表面自由能及其色散力和极性力。结果表明,经DBD冷等离子体处理后松木表面接触角明显降低,自由能显著提高,1h后测得表面自由能提高55%;随放置时间的延长表面自由能都逐渐降低,9~24h内活性降低比较迅速,放置8d后接近于改性前水平。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。