以方差和互相关系数判别切削颤振的仿真研究

文章采用仿真研究方法，对方差和互相关系数绝对值对机床切削颤振是否发生的判别能力进行了系统的研究，发现它们都不宜单独作为判别函数，提出了以方差和互相关系数绝对值作为综合判据判别切削颤振是否发生的观点。采用实验实际测得的机床切削颤振信号进行仿真验证，发现综合判据对于颤振有很好的判别能力。     

基于嵌入式传感装置的数控机床颤振实时补偿研究

针对数控机床加工时出现的颤振影响工件加工精度的难题,提出了基于嵌入式传感装置对数控机床颤振误差进行实时补偿的一种方法。首先,构建了CAN总线车间机床工作状态信息采集网络,并且采用PIC18F系列微处理器作为智能终端,移植TCP/IP协议,实现了机床各轴加速度数据的采集;然后,将数据打包通过无线网络通信模块将数据上传至上位机,上位机服务器系统通过数据筛选、分析和解包显示相关信息;最后,通过加速度传感器信息和颤振误差补偿模型计算数控机床颤振补偿值。实验结果表明：该嵌入式系统对数控机床加工精度有着良好的改善、可靠性好,并且有效地提高了车间机床的加工效率。     

机床相对动柔度劣化对稳定性Lobe图的影响分析

在机床各种形式的振动中,再生颤振具有最小的稳定极限切削宽度,换言之,机床抵抗再生颤振的能力最差。品质系数(Coefficient of Merit,COM)是切削力和切削表面法向相对位移之间的交叉频响函数最小负实部的函数,其大小直接反映机床抵抗再生颤振的能力。此外,在机床的连续使用过程中,品质系数COM会逐渐减小,进而影响机床再生颤振抗振能力。基于相对激振方法和四自由度立铣加工过程动力学模型,重点分析了机床相对动柔度劣化过程中品质系数COM的变化趋势,以及对加工过程稳定性Lobe图的影响。研究表明:随着机床相对动柔度的劣化,轴向极限切深ap逐渐减小,并有加速递减的趋势,这和机床品质系数的劣化趋势一致。因此,考虑机床相对动柔度对稳定性Lobe图的影响,才能确定更合适的工艺参数,保证切削过程的稳定性,提高加工效率。     

高速车削加工颤振稳定域建模与验证

再生颤振是制约高速车削加工效率、加工质量和刀具寿命的主要因素。以高速车削加工为研究对象,建立了考虑再生效应的高速车削动态切削力模型和颤振稳定域解析模型;通过模态实验获得机床系统的频率响应函数,在此基础上综合使用车削稳定性判据进行数值分析,获得了车削颤振稳定域解析解;进行了车削颤振稳定性时域仿真,获得了车削过程的切削力和刀具动态位移。仿真实验结果与解析解吻合良好,验证了建立的车削颤振系统动力学模型和颤振解析模型的正确性。     

龙门铣床双摆头动力学特性实验研究

结合实验模态分析技术对龙门铣床双摆头的动力学特性进行研究。对双摆头结构进行模态测试，获取频率响应函数，并进行拟合，分析得到结构固有频率、阻尼比与振型等动力学参数；对安装在双摆头上的螺旋立铣刀进行锤击实验，获取机床-主轴-刀具系统的加速度频率响应函数，结合再生颤振理论，预测其铣削颤振稳定域。根据可视化的整机振型，提出改进机床结构的方案，并提供合理的切削参数。     

基于BP神经网络的外圆磨削颤振在线识别和监测方法

为提高机床磨削加工过程中对颤振现象识别的能力,提出一种基于BP(back?propagation)神经网络模型的颤振识别方法。通过对加工过程中传感器采集到的高频声发射信号以及振动信号相关特征值的提取,获得关于颤振的多特征参数样本库,并用其对BP神经网络模型进行学习和训练,建立BP神经网络在线识别颤振的算法模型,实现对机床加工过程中是否发生颤振的在线监测和识别。试验结果表明:这种基于BP神经网络模型的颤振识别测试结果与磨削加工试验中的磨削颤振现象结果相符合。该方法能够有效地识别磨削加工过程中的颤振,并起到在线监测识别的作用。      

功率超声珩磨单颗磨粒耦合颤振模型

颤振是功率超声珩磨中极易产生的一种动态强烈自激振动现象,是影响工件加工质量和机床加工效率的重要因素之一.在对功率超声珩磨机理研究的基础上,以单颗磨粒工件系统为研究对象,分别建立了功率超声珩磨系统的两自由度非线性耦合颤振物理模型及数学模型,并确定了其微分方程表达式,为进一步寻求抑制、消除颤振策略提供了理论依据.     

面向薄弱部件的机床抗颤振结构改良

从维持颤振所需的能量补充和质量效应的角度,提出一种更便捷的机床颤振薄弱部件识别方法,即以机床的最终执行部件之一为薄弱部件.以YK3610滚齿机的主轴系统为例,介绍抗颤振结构改良过程中的几个关键点:选择传递函数的最大负实部为优化目标函数;建立主轴有限元数学模型;根据抗颤振敏感性和部件结构约束缩减被优化设计参数的数量;选择Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP)法为优化算法.最后提供了一个滚刀主轴的优化效果模拟试验.     

阻尼特性对数控机床进给系统颤振的影响分析

以数控机床进给系统为研究对象,对其进行分析并建立了数学模型,利用MATLAB/SIMULINK对系统进行了动力学仿真,研究表明系统存在着严重颤振现象。通过等比例增加各参数值的方式对进给系统主要零部件的质量、阻尼系数等进行了分析,发现影响工作台颤振的主要因素为丝杠综合阻尼,并通过取较稳定区间内最大加速度幅值的方式分析了各影响因素与颤振之间的变化关系,为进给系统的结构优化和机床减振提供了理论依据。     

立式铣床刀尖频响函数预测方法研究

由于对机械加工精度和效率影响较大,切削颤振一直是制造领域的研究热点之一。为了避免颤振的发生,通常利用稳定性Lobe图确定合适的加工参数,而机床刀尖频响函数是绘制稳定性Lobe图的先决条件。基于模态叠加法、激振实验和响应耦合子结构耦合方法 (Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis,RCSA),提出了一种新的机床刀尖频响函数计算方法。首先通过模态叠加法计算刀柄和刀具的各个端点频响函数,通过锤击法得到机床主轴的端点频响函数,最后利用RCSA耦合各个子结构,获取机床刀尖频响函数。对比实验结果,本文作者提出的方法能够得到精确的立式铣床刀尖频响函数。     

铅黄铜HPb59-1连续切削的颤振及其特征研究

试验研究了铅黄铜HPb59-1材料在连续切削加工时产生的切削颤振,得到了切屑形成频率与切削用量之间的关系,以及切削颤振形成频率和振幅。试验结果表明,铅黄铜HPb59-1材料因切削加工过程中周期性地产生剪裂型切屑而产生切削颤振。并由此总结得到铅黄铜HPb59-1材料加工产生的切削颤振所具有的一般性特征。     

Flank face texture design to suppress chatter vibration in cutting

Process damping is useful in improving chatter stability in a low cutting speed range. This paper presents a texture design on tool flank faces that can effectively generate process damping. A convex structure on the flank face dampens chatter vibration even at general cutting speeds. An orthogonal cutting simulation utilizing a finite element analysis was conducted to estimate process damping force coefficients that are the functions of cutting and vibration conditions and tool geometry. Sufficient damping effect was predicted using the proposed texture via a chatter stability analysis in frequency domain. Face turning experiments verified the significant chatter suppression effect.     

Chatter stability of a slender cutting tool in turning with tool wear effect

An analysis of the chatter behavior for a slender cutting tool in turning in the presence of wear flat on the tool flank is presented in this research. The mechanism of a self-excited vibration development process with tool wear effect is studied. The components contributing to the forcing function in the turning vibration dynamics are analyzed in the context of cutting force and contact force. A comparison of the chatter stability for a fresh cutting tool and a worn cutting tool is provided. Stability plots are presented to relate width of cut to cutting velocity in the determination of chatter stability. Machining experiments at various conditions were conducted to identify the characteristic parameters involved in the vibration system and to identify the analytical stability limits. The theoretical result of chatter stability agrees qualitatively with the experimental result concerning the development of chatter stability model with tool wear effect.     

Analysis of chatter suppression in vibration cutting

The occurrence of chatter is strongly influenced by the tool geometry in conventional cutting. Therefore, the tool geometry is regarded as a very important factor. On the other hand, it is known that vibration cutting is capable of cutting hardened steels. However, the theoretical explanation for finish hard-cutting with vibration cutting is still unknown. In this paper, experimental investigations show that chatter is effectively suppressed without relying on the tool geometry, and the work displacement amplitudes are reduced from a wide range of 10–102 μm to the range of 3–5 μm by applying vibration cutting. In order to study the precision machining mechanism of vibration cutting, a new cutting model which contains a vibration cutting process is proposed. Simulations of the chatter model exhibit the main feature of chatter suppression in vibration cutting. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement values and accurately predict the work displacement amplitudes of vibration cutting.     

薄壁件铣削加工颤振控制研究

针对薄壁支架加工过程中出现的颤振现象,通过铣削加工颤振机理分析,并进行切削参数优化,解决了加工过程中的颤振问题。首先通过建立有限元模型,进行零件模态分析,获取零件动态特性;接着通过试验与仿真相结合的方式,获取机床-刀具系统的颤振稳定域;并进行稳定域内参数优化、零件动态特性与切削参数对比分析,最终获取避免加工颤振的切削参数,并进行加工验证试验,解决了加工颤振问题,提高了产品质量。结果表明通过切削参数优化可有效解决加工过程中得颤振问题。     

Chatter identification in end milling process based on EEMD and nonlinear dimensionless indicators

Vibration analysis is widely used to reveal the fundamental cutting mechanics in machining condition monitoring. In this work, vibration signals generated in different chatter conditions as well as stable cutting are studied to understand chatter characteristics. Considering the nonlinear and non-stationary properties of chatter vibration in milling process, a self-adaptive analysis method named ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is adopted to analyze vibration signals and two nonlinear indices are extracted as chatter indicators. Firstly, the vibration signal is preprocessed with a comb filter to eliminate the interference of rotation frequency, tooth passing frequency and their harmonics. Secondly, EEMD is applied to decompose the filtered signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Sensitive IMFs containing rich chatter information are selected. With the development of chatter, an accumulation phenomenon appears in the spectrum of sensitive IMFs and chatter frequencies are modulated by the rotation frequency and tooth passing frequency. Finally, two nonlinear dimensionless indices within the range of [0, 1], i.e., C₀ complexity and power spectral entropy, are extracted from the sensitive IMFs in both time domain and frequency domain. The proposed method is verified with well-designed cutting tests. It is found that, the stochastic noise dominates in the sensitive IMFs of stable cutting and both the C₀ complexity value and power spectral entropy are the largest; with the increase of chatter severity level, the periodic chatter components dominate gradually and the proportion of stochastic noise decreases, and thus these two indicators decrease.     

Proposal of ‘accelerative cutting’ for suppression of regenerative chatter

A novel speed variation method, namely ‘accelerative cutting’, is proposed for suppression of regenerative chatter in short-duration plunge cutting, e.g. finishing of sealing, seating, and bearing surfaces. Although the cutting time is short in these processes, the large cutting width often causes chatter. Compared to conventional speed variation methods where moments exist when present and previous cutting speeds do not change and cause the growth of chatter, a unidirectional acceleration is applied resulting in sufficient speed difference throughout the cutting. Since accelerative cutting cannot be realized by conventional NC functions, it is verified through analyses and specially designed cutting experiments.     

Linear analysis of chatter vibration and stability for orthogonal cutting in turning

The productivity of high speed milling operations is limited by the onset of self-excited vibrations known as chatter. Unless avoided, chatter vibrations may cause large dynamic loads damaging the machine spindle, cutting tool, or workpiece and leave behind a poor surface finish. The cutting force magnitude is proportional to the thickness of the chip removed from the workpiece. Many researchers focused on the development of analytical and numerical methods for the prediction of chatter. However, the applicability of these methods in industrial conditions is limited, since they require accurate modelling of machining system dynamics and of cutting forces. In this study, chatter prediction was investigated for orthogonal cutting in turning operations. Therefore, the linear analysis of the single degree of freedom (SDOF) model was performed by applying oriented transfer function (OTF) and \tau decomposition form to Nyquist criteria. Machine chatter frequency predictions obtained from both forms were compared with modal analysis and cutting tests.     

高速切削稳定性研究综述

介绍国内外学者在高速切削稳定性方面的研究成果,着重总结和分析以下几方面的研究工作:颤振的发生机理及数学模型、颤振的监测及预测以及抑制颤振提高切削稳定性的方法.     

Experimental research on cutting force variation during regenerative chatter vibration in a plain milling operation

A plain milling operation is characterized by a transient and intermittent cutting process, in which undeformed chip thickness varies continuously. The reverse is the case in variations of undeformed chip thickness in the processes of up- and down-milling. In the present study, the property of regenerative chatter vibration in a plain milling operation is investigated from the viewpoint of cutting force variation. With primary chatter vibration, the vibration energy supply is closely related to the collision of the cutting tool flank against the workpiece surface during vibration, which is induced by the bending vibration or the torsional vibration of the arbor. In addition to this factor, the regenerative effect is considered to be one of the main causes of the chatter excitation in regenerative chatter vibration. The simulation result of the cutting force variation during regenerative chatter vibration agrees well with the experimental result, when considering these factors. It is shown that the regenerative chatter vibration in the-down-milling process occurs more easily than in the up-milling process.