氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

甲缩醛—甲醇—水三元系的汽液平衡

甲缩醛－甲醇－水三元系的汽液平衡邱祖民骆赞椿胡英（南昌大学化工系，南昌３２００２９）（华东理工大学化工系，上海２００２３７）关键词沸点仪汽液平衡甲缩醛甲醇１前言在浓醛生产中需要甲缩醛－甲醇－水三元系的汽液平衡数据，此前尚未见过报导。本文试图以文献［１...     

甲缩醛—甲醇—甲醛—水四元系的汽液平衡

甲缩醛－甲醇－甲醛－水四元系的汽液平衡邱祖民骆赞椿胡英（南昌大学化工系,南昌３３００２９）（华东理工大学化工系,上海２００２３７）关键词沸点仪汽液平衡甲缩醛甲醇甲醛甲醛虚拟饱和蒸汽压１前言甲缩醛－甲醇－甲醛－水四元系的汽液平衡数据为甲缩醛氧化制甲醛...     

较高温度下3-甲-1-丁醇、乙酸丁酯、乙苯的汽液平衡

较高温度下３－甲－１－丁醇、乙酸丁酯、乙苯的汽液平衡王琦严新焕（浙江大学化学系,杭州３１００２７）关键词汽液平衡Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程１前言关于汽液平衡行为与温度的关系的研究虽已有文献报导,但在３７３Ｋ以上的等温汽液平衡数据很少,这给理论研究和模型化...     

醇－水－盐体系汽液平衡数据关联

醇－水－盐体系汽液平衡数据关联孙仁义，张顺利，徐丽静（河南大学化学系）１前言优先溶剂化法假定盐对汽液平衡的影响是由于盐与某组分形成优先溶剂化物，从而不参与汽液平衡，如果已知优先溶剂化数与溶液浓度的关联式，就可方便地利用无盐二元系汽液平衡的数据关联含盐...     

水-乙酸-乙酸戊酯体系的等压汽液平衡

用改进的Rose釜测定了水-乙酸、乙酸-乙酸戊酯、水-乙酸-乙酸戊酯在101.33 kPa下的等压汽液平衡数据.考虑了乙酸在汽相中的缔合效应,用维里方程和Hayden-O’connell关联式修正了汽相的非理想性,用非线性最小二乘法关联了水-乙酸和乙酸-乙酸戊酯体系的汽液平衡数据,得出了NRTL和UNIQUAC方程的模型参数.用NRTL模型参数预测了三元汽液平衡数据,计算值与实验值吻合良好.     

甲醇-乙酸异戊酯、碳酸二甲酯-乙酸异戊酯和甲醇-1,2-丙二醇汽液平衡数据的测定与关联

在Ｅｌｌｉｓ平衡蒸馏器中测定了１０１．３２５ｋＰａ下甲醇（１）－乙酸异戊酯（２）、碳酸二甲酯（１）－乙酸异戊酯（２）和甲醇（１）－１,２－丙二醇（２）三对二元系的汽液相平衡数据。采用统计学方法对实验数据进行了热力学一致性校验。用改进的Ｐｅｎｇ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ状态方程计算汽相的逸度系数,液相活度系数用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ和ＮＲＴＬ模型计算,对实验数据进行了关联。     

甲醇—乙酸异戊酯,碳酸二甲酯—乙酸异戊酯和甲醇—1,2—丙二 …

在Ｅｌｌｉｓ平衡蒸馏器中测定了１０１．３２ｋＰａ下甲醇（１）－乙酸异戊酯（２）、碳酸二甲酯（１）－乙酸异戊酯（２）和甲醇（１）－１,２－丙二醇（２）三对二元系的汽液相平衡数据。采用统计学方法对实验数据进行了热力学一致性校验,用改进的Ｐｅｎｇ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｏｓｎ状态方程计算汽相的逸度系数,液相活度系数用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ和ＮＲＴＬ模型计算,对实验数据进行了关联。     

水-正丙醇-正丁醇三元体系汽液平衡实验数据与计算

水-正丙醇-正丁醇三元体系常见于乙炔法生产1,4-丁二醇工艺产生的废液中,对该体系汽液平衡数据进行测定是对其进行分离回收的前提,而目前文献中,仅在极窄的温度范围内有很少的相关数据。今测定了99.2kPa时,在正丙醇与正丁醇的配料体积比分别为1/4、3/7、2/3、1/1和3/2,水含量直至气相出现液液分层条件下水-正丙醇-正丁醇溶液的三元汽液平衡数据,从而明显扩大了该体系的实验数据及温度适用范围;研究中还用扩展型UNIQUAC方程建立了溶液组分的活度系数模型,关联该体系的汽液平衡数据,通过单纯型法回归获得三元体系组分之间的相互作用能参数。计算结果表明,建立的模型应用相同的相互作用能参数,可以很好的关联本实验测定的数据及文献数据,一方面说明本实验数据与文献数据有很好的一致性,另一方面也表明建立的UNIQUAC模型可以可靠地预测水-正丙醇-正丁醇的汽液平衡数据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。