基于腔式探头的束团到达时间测量算法优化

腔式探头具有高信噪比和高灵敏度的特性,TM010模式下在近轴附近的腔体输出信号与束流横向位置无关,信号幅度与电荷量呈正比,信号相位由束团到达时间决定,因此非常适用于高分辨率的束团到达时间测量。上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置（SHINE）对束团到达时间的测量精度要求非常高,期望运用基于谐振腔的束团到达时间监测系统,可实现在100 pC电荷量下分辨率好于25 fs的技术指标。对于高Q的谐振腔信号,单点采样的信噪比随信号的衰减而降低,因此肯定存在一最佳的信号处理窗口。为分析最佳处理窗口与相关参数的定量关系,采用数值仿真和束流实验相结合的办法来研究这个问题。分析发现,存在最佳数据处理时间窗口,该参数只与信号衰减时间常数有关,而与系统采样率、系统信噪比、系统模拟带宽无关。在最佳数据处理时间窗口条件下,束流到达时间测量不确定性可获得最佳值。     

合肥光源谐波法束团长度测量系统研制

同步辐射光与束流信号具有相同的时间结构,测量同步辐射光并基于频域的信号处理方法可得到束团的长度。基于该原理,研制了采用谐波法测量束团长度的系统。该系统用高速光电接收器将同步光转换为电信号,然后采集该信号的四路频率分量,计算得到束团长度。阐述了该系统的软硬件设计,并应用该系统测量了束团长度随流强的变化规律,与条纹相机的测量结果相吻合。     

HOTCAP:a new software package for high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch charge and position measurement

A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-based three-dimensional bunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The soft-ware package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input,and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position.In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes,it offers many additional features such as injection analysis,bunch response function reconstruction,and turn-by-turn beam analysis.The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive opera-tion,which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.     

束流位置探头用于束团电荷量测量的数值仿真研究

加速器常用的束流位置探头为电磁耦合型,其输出信号包括束流位置信息和束团电荷量信息.本文采用数值仿真方法研究探头电极和信号与束流位置之间的关系,基于Matlab开发一个用于仿真计算探头电荷量标定系数的软件包.对上海光源储存环束流位置探头的仿真结果表明,探头流强标定系数在2.5 mm半径内差值小于千分之二,在此精度范围内可认为流强标定系数为常数.     

Injection transient study using a two-frequency bunch length measurement system at the SSRF

The bunch length can be measured by comparison of two frequency components of a synchrotron beam signal.An online bunch length measurement system has been implemented based on this method.Working frequencies of 3 GHz and 500 MHz were selected,and the raw data was acquired by digital oscilloscope and was resampled and analyzed using the MATLAB software platform at bunch-by-bunch rate.The constructed system was employed to study the bunch length synchronous oscillation phenomenon during injection.The beam experiments demonstrated a time resolution of less than 0.5 ps.     

Cavity Beam Position Monitor System for Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser

Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) requires a beam position monitor system with resolution of sub-micron, so the beam based alignment (BBA) method to achieve close coincidence of the electron beam and the photon beam in the undulator section can be used. A cavity beam position monitor (CBPM) system consisting of a C-band cavity probe, a RF front-end and a dedicated digital beam position monitor processor (DBPM) was developed. The system design, hardware and software structure, and system construction were introduced in this paper. Based on the three adjacent CBPM systems in the drift section, the online system performance evaluation was completed. And the experiment results show that the position resolution of 880 nm is obtained under the condition of the bunch charge of 500 pC and the dynamic range of the system of ±800 μm. This is also the first CBPM system with submicron position resolution that can be run online in China. In addition, the phase cavity of CBPM was used to measure the relative charge and the arrival time of the bunch. The evaluation results show that the performance is better than the design requirements of SXFEL.     

上海软X射线自由电子激光腔式束流位置测量系统

上海软X射线自由电子激光装置（Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser, SXFEL）需1个分辨率达到亚μm量级的束流位置测量系统,并采用基于束流准直的方法实现波荡器段电子束与光子束的紧密重合。为此设计研制了1个由C波段腔式探头、单路混频至低中频的射频前端以及自主研发的专用数字信号束流位置处理器（digital beam position monitor processor, DBPM）构成的腔式束流位置测量（cavity beam position monitor, CBPM）系统。本文对系统的设计、软硬件结构、系统搭建进行了介绍,并基于漂移段搭建的3个紧邻的CBPM阵列完成了在线系统性能评估。束流实验结果表明,在束团电荷量为500 pC、系统动态范围在±800 μm的条件下,位置分辨率可达880 nm,这也是国内首次研制成功可在线运行的具有亚μm位置分辨率的CBPM系统。此外,采用CBPM的相位腔进行相对束团电荷量、束团到达时间的测量,其性能评估结果也均优于SXFEL设计要求。     

Bunch-by-bunch longitudinal phase monitor at SSRF

Beam signals captured from a button-type pickup contain multidimensional information including the bunch charge,transverse position,bunch length,and longitudinal phase.A bunch phase monitor,which retrieves longitudinal phase information from a pickup signal at a bunch-by-bunch rate,has been developed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.This paper introduces the basic principles,system setup,data processing method,and preliminary experimental results of this system.The systematic measurement error introduced by the limited system bandwidth,bunch length,and bunch charge variation was studied using simulation data.The random measurement uncertainty was evaluated using experimental beam data.The experimental result shows that the longitudinal phase resolution of this system is better than 1.0 ps.The first application,measuring the relationship between the longitudinal phase and bunch charge to determine the energy loss factor,was implemented,and the preliminary result is also discussed.     

A drift tube accelerating structure for CRYRING

A conceptual design has been developed for a driven (non-resonant) drift-tube (DD-T) accelerating structure for CRYRING. Because the ring is small and accelerating voltage requirements not too large, it is possible to use a DD-T to cover the broad frequency range required at modest cost. The control of the system requires only a frequency signal from a beam position pick up and a voltage level signal. With the DD-T can be provided nonsinusoidal wave forms for bunch shaping to improve the space charge limit. A full scale low power model was used to verify the essential features of the design.     

SDUV-FEL装置上利用电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验设计与仿真

电子束团纵向长度是束流诊断中的重要参数,电光频谱解码法(Electro-Optical Spectral Decoding,EOSD)是为数不多的可进行单发测量的高时间分辨率测量方法。本文基于上海深紫外自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Deep Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser,SDUV-FEL)设计了一套电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验方案。通过采用针尖粗同步和可调的光栅展宽器可实现长度在1-10 ps内变化的束团无损测量。通过对电光调制过程及其后探测的仿真研究表明,选用0.5 mm厚的Zn Te晶体在距离束流中心3-5 mm处测量时,时间分辨率最高可达180 fs(Root Mean Square,RMS),信号展宽在3%以内,测量的电场形状无可观测畸变,满足SDUV-FEL的实验需求。     

腔式束流位置探测器的设计与实验研究

束流位置探测器对自由电子激光装置的研制和运行具有重要的意义。其中,腔式束流位置探测器(腔式BPM)又以其高精度、高分辨率的特点而得到广泛的应用。本文对应用于上海深紫外自由电子激光装置上的腔式BPM进行了理论分析、模拟计算和BPM腔的测量等方面的研究。     

基于示波器嵌入式IOC技术的逐束团位置监测系统研制

为研究尾场引起的束团不稳定性,本工作开发了基于高速宽带示波器嵌入式IOC的逐束团位置测量系统。该系统通过直接获取加速器储存环中钮扣型电极的原始束流信号,进行在线计算独立的水平和垂直方向的逐束团位置。介绍了此系统的需求分析、硬件结构以及嵌入式IOC软件结构。利用在上海光源储存环上获取的逐束团位置数据,对系统性能进行了评估。实验显示,不同束团感应到的工作点及横向振荡振幅与束团编号间的依赖关系,结果证明该系统是一个有效的机器研究工具。     

SHINE腔式BPM系统射频信号调理前端研制

基于低温超导直线加速器的上海硬X射线自由电子激光装置（SHINE）需1个分辨率可达200 nm的束流位置测量系统,以实现电子束与光子束在波荡器中的紧密相互作用和能量交换。现已研制的束流位置测量系统不能完全满足上述要求,为此,基于对关键技术指标的分配,设计研制了一个由C波段腔式探头、低噪声系数的单路下变频至低中频的射频信号调理前端以及专用数字信号束流位置处理器构成的CBPM系统样机。而作为连接腔式探头和数字信号采集电子学之间的桥梁,射频信号调理前端（radio frequency front end, RF前端）的结构和性能也直接决定了CBPM系统的性能。本文从SHINE对CBPM系统的整体需求为出发点,分析了系统对射频信号调理前端的指标分配,提出了一种放大器开关切换型RF前端的方案设计,并成功搭建了1套可模拟束流条件的离线全锁相采样测试平台。此外,在上海软X射线自由电子激光装置（SXFEL）中搭建了测试平台并完成了射频信号调理前端的带束性能评估,束流实验结果表明,在束团电荷量为100 pC、系统动态范围在±100 μm的条件下,采用腔式探头射频信号一分二的评估方法,位置分辨率可达71 nm,优于设计指标需求。     

Development of Bunch-by-bunch Beam Position Measurement Electronics for High Energy Photon Source

A bunch-by-bunch beam position measurement (BPM) electronics for High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) storage ring was designed. The hardware of electronics consists of analog signal acquisition board and digital signal processing board. The software consists of underlying firmware and application software. The sampling frequency is 500 MHz, and the bandwidth is 1 GHz. The electronics digitizes four analog signals from BPM probe of storage ring, and obtains the amplitude of beam signal. ZYNQ chip was used to process the beam data and calculate the position of each bunch. Electronics test results in the laboratory is that the nonlinearity of ADC channels is less than 1% when the peak-to-peak value of input signal is less than 1.8 V, and spurious-free dynamic range is about 60 dB. When the sensitivity coefficient is 8.26 mm, the beam position resolution is less than 10 μm. The test results meet the needs of HEPS.     

合肥光源基于虚拟仪器技术的束流诊断系统

介绍了合肥光源利用虚拟仪器技术构成的束流诊断系统,包括基于GPIB总线构成了储存环直流流强测量系统,基于VXI总线构成了束流闭轨测量系统,基于PCI总线构成了束流横向截面测量系统,基于网络化虚拟仪器技术构成了在线束团长度测量系统和同步光位置测量系统.软件采用Lab-VIEW编程,极大地减轻了开发的工作量.     

高能同步辐射光源逐束团束流位置测量电子学研制

基于高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）储存环,研制了一套逐束团束流位置测量（BPM）电子学系统,电子学的硬件部分由模拟信号采集板卡和数字信号处理板卡组成,软件部分由底层固件和顶层应用软件组成。系统的采样频率为500 MHz,带宽为1 GHz,对来自储存环BPM探头的4路模拟信号进行数字化,得到束团幅度数据,利用ZYNQ芯片计算出每个束团在真空管道中的位置。逐束团BPM电子学在实验室的测试结果为：输入信号峰峰值小于1.8 V时ADC通道非线性度小于1%,无杂散动态范围约60 dB,灵敏度系数取8.26 mm时位置分辨率优于10 μm,测试结果满足HEPS逐束团BPM的需求。     

基于容性感应探针测量方法的研究

介绍了利用兰州重离子加速器束流输运线上的圆柱型容性感应探针进行无阻挡束流强度测量方法的研究。该方法在测量束流相宽和中心相位的同时通过对感应束流信号的计算．进行束流强度监测,以满足HIRFL束流诊断系统在线测量及调束的要求;说明了测量束流感应信号并从中提取束团相宽,束流相位及束流强度等信息的原理;介绍了测量系统装置及虚拟仪器技术在本系统中的应用,并给出了测量结果和测量精度的分析。     

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器束团长度研究

束团长度是中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）束流动力学的关键参数,通过对束团长度的研究,可了解RCS的机器性能并进一步指导机器优化研究。本文对RCS 100 kW时的束团长度进行精确测量,100 kW引出时的束团长度为105 ns。RCS 500 kW时束团长度可能超过无损引出允许值,需压缩束团长度。理论上提高腔压可压缩束团长度,本文模拟研究500 kW时束团长度随腔压曲线的变化规律,模拟结果表明提高加速后半阶段的腔压可压缩束团长度,给出了500 kW时无束流损失引出的腔压曲线。基于100 kW束流条件实验验证了通过提高加速后半阶段腔压来压缩束团长度的有效性和可行性,实验测量结果与模拟结果一致。因此,提高加速后半阶段腔压是500 kW时无损引出束流的有效方法。     

Space Charge De-Bunching in Charged-Particle Beams

One of the factors influencing the properties of a pulsed beam is the growth of the charge bunches due to space charge forces. The growth along the direction of motion of the bunch degrades the time-structure of the pulsed beam and the growth transverse to the direction of motion de-focuses the beam. Although the space charge effect is only important at high current densities, it must be considered a limiting factor in any pulsed beam system. A general method of obtaining the field in the bunch to second order in v/c was developed. From this the motion of charges in the bunch was obtained by numerical integration for the case of a Gaussian distribution of space charge under the assumption that the charge distribution remains Gaussian. Solutions are presented in a dimensionless, graphical form which can easily be scaled for a particular problem.     

电子直线加速器束团长度监测器研究

对电子直线加速器束团长度监测器进行了综述.介绍了各种束团长度的测量原理和优缺点.并结合试验结果,指出了其中一些监测器在实际设计使用过程应当注意的问题.其中的许多监测器测量时无需截断束流,能够实时测量,测量精度高.