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文中结合电弧辅助活性TIG焊熔池氧元素分布的试验研究结果,提出焊接熔池表面氧元素分别与熔池表面温度和位置相关两种分布模式,建立了更完善的电弧辅助活性TIG焊熔池模型,求解结果与已有的试验结果和理论研究吻合良好. 结合求解结果,利用格拉晓夫数Gr,磁雷诺数Rm和表面张力雷诺数Ma分析了浮力、电磁力和表面张力的相对作用大小; 利用Peclet数分析了熔池热对流和热传导的相对强弱. 结果表明,电弧辅助活性TIG 焊熔池表面张力作用远大于电磁力和浮力,并决定熔池流动形式;熔池热对流主导熔池的传热过程,揭示了不锈钢活性TIG焊活性元素决定深而窄的熔池形貌的内在本质. 相似文献
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电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,AA-TIG焊),采用辅助电弧以Ar+O2作为保护气体预熔待焊母材表面以形成氧化层,再进行常规TIG焊,可使熔深明显增加.文中结合AA-TIG焊熔池氧元素分布的实验研究,提出焊接熔池表面氧元素的两种不均匀分布模式,考虑浮力、电磁力和表面张力,建立了更完善的电弧辅助活性TIG焊熔池模型,模拟研究氧元素在熔池表面呈不均匀分布时,AA-TIG焊瞬态熔池中动量及能量的传输行为.假设熔池内部液态金属是湍流、不可压缩Newton流体,使用FLUENT RNG k-ε湍流模型进行处理.结果表明,当氧在熔池上表面呈非均匀分布,并且氧的不均匀分布模型为低氧模型时,熔池内部仍然以内对流流动为主. 相似文献
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《金属学报》2015,(2)
针对双钨极TIG电弧热源,在已建立的双钨极电弧-熔池统一的三维数学模型的基础上,以SUS304不锈钢为母材,模拟得到了双钨极TIG电弧和熔池的温度、速度、电流密度、磁通密度和电磁力等分布,模拟结果与已有的实验结果吻合良好.考虑了熔池所受浮力、电磁力、等离子流拉力和Marangoni剪切力以及湍流效应,分析了熔池热输入的分布和熔池表面剪切力的变化,并分别比较了这几个力单独作用下的熔池流动与传热,同时结合无量纲数Pe,比较了熔池热传导和热对流的相对强弱.结果表明,双钨极电弧的非轴对称特性导致熔池表面的电流密度、热流密度、等离子流拉力和Marangoni剪切力等出现非轴对称分布,最终形成了熔池的非轴对称形貌,而熔池的发展演化对电弧行为无明显影响.与TIG电弧相比,双钨极TIG电弧的等离子流拉力明显减小.Marangoni剪切力决定不锈钢熔池的流动状态,且对流传热主导不锈钢熔池的热传递,这两者的共同作用决定熔池的传热过程,是形成不同熔池形貌的根本原因. 相似文献
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根据流体力学基本原理,并用VOF方法追踪自由表面,建立了更接近实际情况的三维定点A-TIG焊熔池数学模型,综合考虑了熔池液态金属所受的浮力、电磁力、电弧压力和表面张力,同时考虑了熔池内液态金属的对流、辐射和热传导,运用FLOW-3D软件求解得到了定点A-TIG焊熔池自由表面、温度场及流场,并重点分析了有、无活性剂时熔池自由表面的变化情况. 结果表明,不使用活性剂时,熔池自由表面呈中心下凹、两边凸起的形状;使用活性剂时,表面张力温度系数由负变正,使熔池自由表面呈中心凸起、两边下凹的形状;在焊接电流I≤150 A的条件下,有、无活性剂时考虑自由表面变形情况下温度场、流场及熔池形貌的数值模拟结果与试验结果和不考虑自由表面变形时现有的数值模拟结果基本一致. 相似文献
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为了研究磁场和活性焊联合作用对焊接熔池中液态金属流动形态的影响,文中建立了移动热源作用下镁合金TIG焊三维瞬态数学模型. 利用fluent软件及其二次开发功能,模拟了单独磁场、单独活性焊和两者联合作用对焊接熔池温度场和速度场的影响. 模拟结果表明,在单独磁场作用下,熔池中液态金属呈顺时针定向旋转运动,速度场呈不对称双峰分布,最大速度偏向熔池一侧;在单独活性焊作用下,熔池中液态金属形成由外向内的对流模式,从而冲刷熔池底部增加熔深;在两者联合作用下流体流动较为复杂,熔池表面附近液态金属流动主要受表面张力的影响,熔池内部主要受外加电磁力的影响. 相似文献
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提出了超声复合焊接空间中声场参数的分析方法,根据超声复合焊接特性构建了分析模型,利用COMSOL有限元分析软件模拟分析了声场参数随着发射端半径的变化情况,同时模拟分析了声场参数在不同电弧空间高度的变化规律.采用静态小孔法对不同焊接参数下稳定燃烧的直流U-TIG焊和普通TIG焊的电弧压力分布进行了测量.结果表明,U-TIG焊电弧压力峰值明显高于普通TIG焊,复合电弧能够提高焊接时熔池表面上方的电弧压力水平,但是随着电流增加,U-TIG焊和普通TIG焊电弧压力峰值的差值减小.分析认为大电流时,弧柱中心区域温度很高,电流密度很大,使TIG焊电弧压力峰值明显升高,而U-TIG焊电弧等离子流力受到气体流量的限制,电弧压力峰值增幅减小. 相似文献
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针对钽薄板TIG小间隙的特点,在试验和数值分析基础上建立了钽薄板小间隙TIG氦弧对接焊熔池形成的数学物理模型,从理论、数值计算和工艺试验角度研究了钽薄板小间隙TIG氦弧对接焊熔池的形成机理.研究结果表明,由于对接间隙的存在,工件熔化时在对接边缘形成一倾斜的固液界面,熔化金属在表面张力作用下收缩成熔滴吸附于倾斜面上,随着电弧输入热量的增加,工件继续向对接间隙处膨胀,同时熔滴体积不断增大.当重力和电弧力沿倾斜面方向的分量大于表面张力对熔滴的作用时,对接工件上的熔滴沿倾斜面向下流向对接间隙处形成熔池.MATLAB的计算结果与试验结果相符. 相似文献
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通过对FLUENT软件进行二次开发,建立了焊接电弧和焊接熔池模型,模拟分析了不同活性组元O元素含量下定点和移动TIG焊熔池形貌变化,对比了氩弧和氦弧的电弧参量及其对熔池形貌的影响.结果表明,由活性组元O元素含量变化导致的熔池内Marangoin对流变化是熔深增加的主要因素;在氩弧下,来自于电弧的气体剪切力对熔池形貌有较大影响;与氩弧相比,氦弧明显收缩,电流密度更大,更多的热量传递到熔池,增大了电磁力引起的内对流运动,可获得更深熔深.焊缝深宽比的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好.Abstract: Welding arc and weld pool modeh were established by FLUENT software for spot and moving TIG welding of SUS304 stainless steel to investigate the effect of the surface-activating element oxygen on the weld shape and analyze the properties of argon arc and helium arc and their effects on the weld shape. The results show that the change of the Marangoni convection induced by different oxygen contents can be considered as one of the principal factors to increase penetration. The plasma drag force from the argon arc has obvious effect on the weld shape. Compared with the argon arc, the hehum arc is more constricted, the welding current density is much greater and the much more heat flux is transferred into the weld pool, which increase the inward convection induced by the electromagnetic force, thus the deeper weld depth can be obtained.The calculated weld D/W ratio agrees with that of the experiment. 相似文献
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Study of the law between the weld pool shape variations with the welding parameters under two TIG processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dongjie LiShanping Lu Wenchao DongDianzhong Li Yiyi Li 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2012,212(1):128-136
A double-shielded TIG method was proposed to improve weld penetration and has been compared with the traditional TIG welding method under different welding parameters (i.e., speed, arc length and current). The strength of the Marangoni convection was calculated to estimate the influence of the welding parameters on the variations in weld pool shapes. The results show that the changes in the welding parameters directly impact the oxygen concentration in the weld pool and the temperature distribution on the pool surface. The oxygen content and heat distribution on the weld pool surface are determinants of the pattern and strength of the Marangoni convection. For a negative temperature coefficient of surface tension (∂σ/∂T < 0), an outward Marangoni convection leads to a wide and shallow weld pool shape. The narrow and deep weld pool shape occurs when the Marangoni convection flows along an inward direction (∂σ/∂T > 0). The oxide layer that may appear with the relatively high oxygen content in the weld pool is harmful for the heat flow along the pool surface so as to reduce the welding efficiency especially in the double shielded TIG process. 相似文献
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M. Tanaka 《Welding International》2004,18(11):845-851
As is well known, arc discharges have been applied to various processes such as welding, cutting, spray coating, melting and refining. Unlike electrodeless discharge methods such as high frequency discharge of inductive coupling type (eg. RF discharge), arc discharge is a polarized discharge in which the arc is generated between the positive and negative electrodes.1 Accordingly, when the arc discharge is applied to welding processes, the material becomes one of the electrodes. In TIG welding, the material, that is, the molten pool, generally acts as the anode to the tungsten cathode. As shown in Fig. 1, TIG welding processes are based on the close energy balance between the 'electrode-arc plasma-molten pool'. On the other hand, for the formation of the molten pool, energy transfer from the arc is also important, but energy transfer in the molten pool after that is extremely important, too. In TIG welding of steels, in which energy transfer by convection current becomes dominant rather than thermal conduction,2 the penetration at the weld joint has hugely different geometries according to the difference in convective current phenomena at the molten pool. As a driving force of convective current in the molten pool in TIG welding, four forces have been considered,2-6 as shown in Fig. 1. They are the drag force (friction force) caused by plasma jet (cathode jet) generated by the arc, the buoyancy force induced by the density difference inside the molten pool, the electromagnetic force induced by the current flow inside the molten pool and Marangoni Force induced by the surface tension gradient of the molten pool. These four forces can be said to be also based on the close force balance of the 'electrode-arc plasma-molten pool', as with the energy balance. 相似文献
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微量活性组元氧对焊接熔池Marangoni对流和熔池形貌影响的数值模拟 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对SUS304不锈钢的定点钨极惰性气体保护焊过程,建立三维瞬态定点热源作用下的焊接熔池数学模型,系统研究了不同氧含量下的熔池温度场、速度场以及熔池形貌演变过程.结果表明:随着熔池中活性组元氧的增加,熔池内的对流模式经历了以外对流为主、内外对流共存到以内对流为主的演变过程,熔池形貌由浅且宽形、"勺"形变成深且窄形.熔池中微量氧直接影响熔池表面张力温度梯度系数,改变熔池表面Marangoni对流模式和熔池最终形貌.当氧含量低于80×10-6时,熔池表面以外向Marangoni对流为主,熔池形貌宽且浅;当氧含量超过120×10-6时,熔池表面以内向Marangoni对流为主,熔池形貌窄且深;当氧含量处于(80-120)×10-6之间时,熔池形貌为"勺"形,并且随时间的增加,熔池内外对流区域逐渐变小,内对流区域逐渐变大.定点联合保护焊实验结果表明,熔池形貌变化规律的模拟结果与实验结果吻合. 相似文献
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