带极堆焊奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能研究

采用带极电渣堆焊和带极埋弧堆焊两种方法堆焊Cr-Ni不锈钢,分析这两种方法和不同焊接速度下得到的堆焊层金属的电化学腐蚀及晶间腐蚀性能。电化学试验结果表明,3.5%Na Cl溶液中,带极电渣堆焊层金属的耐点蚀性能与焊速有关,焊速为8m/h时,堆焊层金属的点蚀电位为159 m V,耐点蚀性能最佳,焊速过快或者过慢时都将降低堆焊层金属的点蚀电位,耐点蚀性能下降;相比于电渣堆焊,带极埋弧堆焊层金属的点蚀电位仅为-300 m V,耐点蚀性能较差。10%草酸电解浸蚀试验结果表明,带极电渣堆焊试样晶界处C r的含量远大于钢耐蚀所必须的量,试样腐蚀后的微观形貌也呈现"阶梯型"和"混合型",说明试样具有较好的耐晶间腐蚀性能;而带极埋弧堆焊试样晶间存在严重的贫Cr,腐蚀后试样表面的微观形貌则呈现"沟状型",耐晶间腐蚀性能较差。     

奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊层金属显微组织分析

奥氏体不锈钢具有良好的焊接性、优异的抗腐蚀性、良好的高温抗氧化性和低温韧性,应用广泛。采用自行研制的焊剂配合奥氏体不锈钢焊带在低碳钢母材Q235上进行堆焊,焊后采用金相、扫描电镜等试验方法对堆焊层金属的显微组织和性能进行了研究,分析奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头显微组织的变化,并深入研究焊缝中δ-铁素体的含量和分布形态。研究结果表明,带极电渣堆焊层金属成型性好、稀释率低,其显微组织为奥氏体和少量的δ-铁素体,其中δ-铁素体的形态有骨架状、板条状、蠕虫状三种共存于堆焊层金属中,一定数量的δ-铁素体可以保证堆焊层金属有良好的耐晶间腐蚀性能。     

不锈钢带极电渣堆焊层金属耐腐蚀性能

采用带极电渣堆焊（ESW）和带极埋弧堆焊（SAW）两种方法在Q235母材上熔敷不锈钢层,分析了这两种方法和不同焊接速度下得到的堆焊层金属的电化学腐蚀及晶间腐蚀性能.电化学腐蚀结果表明,9.8%H2SO4溶液中,当扫描电位低于-300 mV时,堆焊层金属即可进入钝化状态,堆焊层金属（ESW v=8 m/h）的电化学腐蚀性...     

超低碳奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊层晶间相析出机理

针对超低碳奥氏体不锈钢堆焊材料,采用带极电渣堆焊工艺,应用６００ＭＷ核容器标准热处理规范６１５℃＊２９ｈ。深入研究了堆焊层晶间相析出的机理。     

超低磷奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊层晶间相析出机理

针对超低碳奥低体不锈钢堆焊材料,采用带极电渣堆焊工艺,应用600 MW核容器标准热处理规范——615℃×29h深入研究了堆焊层晶间相析出的机理研究结果表明经615℃×29h热处理后,堆焊层晶间析出了少量的M_(23)C_6碳化物和Y′相未发现σ相、相和X相等金属间脆性化合物.少量M_(23)C_6碳化物的析出,不致于严重影响堆焊层的性能.     

厚壁压力容器不锈钢带极电渣堆焊与埋弧堆焊对比

本文在堆焊工艺，焊缝成形，母材稀释率，堆焊层性能和熔合特征等几个方面，对厚壁压力容器不锈钢带极电渣堆焊与带极埋弧堆焊进行了全面的对比研究。对比结果表明，带极电渣堆焊优于带极埋弧堆焊，可以用带极电渣焊工艺取代极埋弧堆焊工艺，来进行厚壁压力容器的内壁堆焊。     

奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊用烧结焊剂的研制

研制了一种新型的配奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊用烧结焊剂,其渣系为CaF2-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3,碱度BIIW为3.5～3.8.焊接工艺试验表明,使用该焊剂,焊接开始后5 s内就可迅速建立电渣熔池,并在随后的施焊中保持稳定的电渣过程,焊接过程中飞溅少,焊后脱渣容易,焊缝成形性好.堆焊层金相组织观察和化学成分分析的结...     

超低碳奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊接头的熔合区特征

超低碳奥氏体不锈钢带极电渣堆焊接头的熔合区特征主要表现为碳扩散层和马弑全带的形成,碳扩散层的形成受合金元素与碳的浓度梯度,原子扩散,热处理工艺和堆焊工艺等因素的影响;增碳层中的碳化物主要为Ｍ２３Ｃ６,马氏体带由位错马氏体,孪晶体马氏体,残余奥氏体和少量碳化物组成;熔合区化学成分的变化是马氏体带形成的主要原因。     

冷换设备法兰带极电渣堆焊

主要介绍了带极电渣双层堆焊在冷换设备法兰中的应用,讨论了焊接参数对堆焊质量的影响,通过焊接试验及工艺评定,确定了产品的最佳堆焊参数,满足了生产需要.     

非熔化极电渣堆焊

非熔化极电渣堆焊不同于熔化极电渣堆焊,有其独特的适用之处。石墨棒、钨棒或水冷铜棒均可作为非熔化极,但是由于水冷铜棒在熔渣里易发生电腐蚀断裂,且使用寿命相对较短,故其使用较少。堆焊时,由于石墨棒和钨棒的氧化和熔化,其尺寸发生变化,应注意熔入熔敷金属的碳和钨。随着非熔化极电渣堆焊的进行,填充金属和熔渣分别熔化,但它们之间相互关联。尤其是当填充金属的送丝速度增加时,也需通过将电极浸入熔渣内,增大堆焊电流,从而增加熔渣池的输入热量。这些反应都将影响金属熔池的形状和熔敷金属的性质。解决这些问题将有效改善非熔化极电渣堆…     

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel electroslag strip cladding

The 304 stainless steel strips were deposited one layer on carbon steel base metal by electroslag strip cladding(ESC) and submerged arc cladding(SAC),respectively.The solidification microstructure of ESC metal was analyzed by the optical microscopy,scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The corrosion resistance studies of strip cladding metals were carried out in 10%oxalic acid electrolytic etching test.The results showed that the cladding metal obtained by ESC presented low content of C,high content of Cr and enough alloying element of Ni in the chemical composition.The transition zone of ESC with small width was almost parallel with the base metal,leading to a lower dilution.There are three types of solidification modes(A→AF→FA) occurred in the ESC metal due to the decrease of cooling rate and degree of dilution from the transition zone to the top of ESC metal.As a result,the microstructure of ESC metal exhibited mainly austenite with a small amount offerrite,contributing to achievement of better corrosion resistance.     

奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头晶间腐蚀断裂分析

核电站管道大多采用奥氏体铁素体不锈钢制成,以主管道为例,多数采用焊接方式进行连接。在现场应用之前,需要进行工艺评定的焊接和检验,以验证焊接接头是否满足高温、高压、高腐蚀的性能要求。晶间腐蚀按照标准RCCM+RCCM2000补遗中MC1312.3中B法处理后,在弯曲过程出现裂纹,对比试样也出现裂纹,难以判定是否是晶间腐蚀造成的裂纹缺陷。利用金相方法观察出现裂纹的试样,结合力学性能试验和化学成分进行分析得出,弯曲受检面产生的裂纹不是由晶间腐蚀造成的。     

Evolution of intergranular corrosion resistance for HR3C heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel at elevated temperature

An attempt has been made to investigate the evolution of intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance of HR3C heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel. The double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were conducted to evaluate the IGC resistance of HR3C steel. The results show that the side peaks can be observed in active–passive region of DL-EPR curves due to inhomogeneous distribution of the chromium dissolved in matrix. The variation of the degree of sensitisation (DOS) during sensitising at 800°C can be divided into three regions (sensitisation dominant region, desensitisation dominant region and equilibrium region). When HR3C steel is sensitised at 800°C for over 24?h, the equilibrium state in DOS can be reached. Simultaneously, the IGC morphologies after DL-EPR tests can correlate well with the DOS. On the basis of the equilibrium state in DOS, proper heat treatments and corrosion protection measures can be taken to avoid IGC of HR3C steel.     

Enhancement of intergranular corrosion resistance of type 304 stainless steel through laser shock peening

The present experimental study evaluates laser peening for suppressing intergranular corrosion (IGC) susceptibility of sensitised 304 stainless steel. Under the given experimental conditions, an increase in the number of laser peening treatments of sensitised 304 stainless steel specimen brought about progressive reduction in its susceptibility to IGC. Triple laser peening of sensitised stainless steel specimen introduced remarkable reduction in its IGC susceptibility. The results of the study suggest that breakage of inter-granular network of chromium carbides/chromium-depleted regions through plastic deformation, imposed by multiple laser peening treatment, was responsible for causing significant suppression in IGC susceptibility of sensitised 304 stainless steel specimens.     

Controlling grain boundary energy to make austenitic stainless steels resistant to intergranular stress corrosion cracking

Intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking are the two localized corrosion mechanisms that are of concern to the typical applications of austenitic stainless steels in industries. Until recently, the common understanding was that a higher frequency of random boundaries increases the susceptibility, caused by a sensitization heat treatment or by operating temperatures, of austenitic stainless steels to both intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A recent study demonstrated that extreme randomization of grain boundaries leads to a considerable improvement of resistance to both sensitization and intergranular corrosion. This work is a continuation of Ref. 1 and relates the effects of grain boundary randomization to intergranular stress corrosion cracking: the results show a trend consistent with earlier observations on intergranular corrosion. It is shown that there is improvement in resistance to intergranular stress corrosion cracking with extreme randomization of grain boundaries.     

2205型双相不锈钢带极电渣堆焊材料的研制

研制出2205型双相不锈钢带极电渣堆焊材料,H2205焊带及其匹配焊剂SJ26B,解决了工程上采用2209型双相不锈钢带极堆焊材料熔敷金属铁素体含量很难达到40％的难题。采用该套材料进行带极电渣堆焊试验,结果表明：堆焊工艺性能极佳,冶金性能优异,熔敷金属力学性能、耐蚀性能优良,熔敷金属铁素体含量为40％-60％,满足工程实际需要。     

奥氏体不透钢堆焊层激光表面重熔组织及耐腐蚀性能

激光重熔表面热处理技术可提高零件表面获得高的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性等,在化工和核电等行业有较好的应用前景,但国内对不锈钢堆焊层焊后表面热处理的研究较少.针对这一现状,对奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层表面进行激光重熔处理,观察其显微组织,并检测重熔表面显微硬度及耐腐蚀性.结果表明,激光重熔后表面显微组织呈细小的树枝-胞状晶奥氏体;激光重熔试样显微硬度大幅提高,较焊态试样提高87.6％;在9.8％的H2SO4溶液中,激光重熔表面处理后的堆焊层金属较易形成钝化膜,耐腐蚀性较好;10％草酸溶液电解试验中,焊态堆焊层金属晶间腐蚀敏感性较高,激光重熔区域为细小的奥氏体晶粒,不易形成连续的“贫铬区”,激光重熔堆焊层金属的晶间腐蚀敏感性较小.