聚乙烯醇(PVA)偏光膜的制备及性能研究

本文采用流延法制备出聚乙烯醇偏光膜,并用紫外可见分光光度仪分别对含碘及含碘、镍、钴的2种偏光膜的光学性能进行了研究。结果表明,偏光膜中加入镍、钴后,偏光膜的单片透光率增加,单片偏光系数及组合偏光率增加;垂直组合时,泄漏光的波峰值左移。     

改性聚乙烯醇偏光膜的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原料，制备了改性的PVA含碘（mPVA-I）和PVA含双向色性染料（mPVA-D）两类偏光膜，前者的偏光性能明显优于后者。mPVA-I偏光膜较国内商品PVA含磺偏光膜（CPVA-1)有明显的优点，在偏光性能相近的条件下，抗温、抗热性能好，用光电子能谱对膜表层测试表明，B，Co,Ni浓度是影响其性能的原因。     

PVA／HEC偏光膜的制备与偏光性能研究

研究了采用聚乙烯醇，羟乙基纤维素为主体材料，内含碘化钾，或者碘化锂，用过氧化氢氧化制备ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。实验结果表明，选择４．８０ｇＰＶＡ．０．２０ｇＨＥＣ中含有５ｍｍｏｌＫＩ的基膜，用５％Ｈ２Ｏ２水溶液氧化５ｓ，经拉伸，干燥，可制备柔韧性能好的ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。根据实验结果，提出了新法ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ膜与Ｉ２形成络合物的机理模型。     

改性灰D(GDSA)与Cu2+离子形成配合物的紫外-可见光谱及偏光性能

将直接染料灰D(GD)重氮化后与磺基水杨酸(SSA)偶合得到一种三偶氮染料(GDSA),研究了GDSA与Cu2 离子配合系统的紫外-可见光谱,发现Cu2 与GDSA在pH=4.6的条件下可形成配合物[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)],其表观稳定常数K表＝6.2×105.将该配合物与聚乙烯醇共混制成偏光膜,研究了膜的光谱吸收特性,结果表明,掺有[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)]的膜的偏光性能明显优于掺有GD的膜,偏光度＞60%的波长区间由GD膜的100nm(550～650nm)增加到320nm(350～670nm),并使200～280nm范围紫外光的透过率＜5%.     

刚果红分子的化学修饰及偏光性研究

刚果红用亚硝酸钠重氮化后分别与2-胺基-8-萘酚-6-磺酸、对甲氧基苯胺偶合得到两种新型三偶氮染料DYE-R1和DYE-R2。它们分别与PVAL混和后,用流延法成膜制得彩色偏光材料。DYE-R1-PVAL膜和DYE-R2-PVAL膜在各自的最大吸收波长处所对应的偏光度分别为88.7%和90.8%,DYE-R1-PVAL膜在80℃、相对湿度为90%的条件下处理1000h后偏光度为88.2%。     

镍-钴／镍／镍-钴镀层的制备及电化学性能

采用直流和脉冲方法电沉积了镍-钴／镍／镍-钴多层镀层。通过SEM对镍-钴／钞镍-钴镀层的微观结构进行了表征,采用Tafel曲线外推法、交流阻抗法、阳极极化曲线法等方法对镍-钴／镍／镍-钴镀层在0．1mol／LH2SO4和1％NaCl混合溶液及10％NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了表征。结果显示：镍-钴／镍／镍-钴镀层的表面致密均一;在0．1mol／LH2SO4＋1％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位最正,传质电阻最大达到i642Q·cm2;在10％NaOH中钝化区为542mV,具有较好的钝化效果。     

太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪的量值溯源技术研究

本文提出了一种以相对角度差作为计量标准值的太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪量值溯源技术。设计了专用角度刻线样板和偏光轴位标准片,通过国家计量院高精度转角仪和高精度影像仪的量值传递,实现了偏光轴位测量仪的计量标准装置。偏光轴位测量仪的校准过程中,考虑了平行性误差、左右偏光片水平线的一致性、零位误差、偏光轴位示值误差、偏光变动性等关键计量特性参数,设计了测量不确定度最佳校准方案,能够对偏光轴位测量仪进行科学合理的校准。该方法可精确获取偏光轴位测量仪的量值误差和稳定度,能够实现快速、有效溯源。三家比对结果表明,该校准技术能够满足太阳镜偏光轴位测量仪的要求,也可以说明校准结果的不确定度是合理的。     

空心玻璃微珠表面包覆Ni-P／Co-Fe-P复合镀层的研究

通过化学镀在空心玻璃微珠（HGM）表面沉积了镍磷合金颗粒镀层，利用偶联取代传统的粗化处理，结合适当的镀覆工艺实现了镀层与微珠的紧密结合并达到了均匀完整包覆；在此基础上，进行了镍磷镀层表面湿化学还原法包覆钴铁合金的研究。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及振动样品磁强计对包覆层的形貌、组成、晶体结构和改性后微珠的静磁性能进行了分析测试。结果表明，复合镀层由非晶态合金组成，其中镍磷镀层为单层颗粒膜，而后续沉积的钴铁合金镀层呈条带状生长于镍磷镀层表面；沉积钴铁合金后微珠的磁性有了明显改善。     

基于纳米镍锌铁氧体以Co2+逐步替代Ni2+制备钴锌铁氧体及吸波性能对比

应用水热法掺杂钴离子到纳米镍锌铁氧体粉末中,制备处纳米镍锌钴铁氧体,继而用钴离子代替镍离子制备钴锌铁氧体.并利用XRD、TEM、VNA对其进行表征和分析,研究了纳米镍锌钴铁氧体和纳米钴锌铁氧体的样品粒度、形貌、电磁损耗性能及吸收性能.结果表明：纳米镍锌钴铁氧体由原先纳米镍锌铁氧体的类球形转变为不规则四边形结构.掺杂钴离子后增加吸收器的带宽, 改善材料在低频率的吸波性能。钴锌铁氧体中当Co²⁺: Zn²⁺=1: 1时,对于电磁波吸收性能比镍锌钴铁氧体要好,在16.47 GHz处到达33.9 dB.     

棱镜偏光技术与器件

本文重点介绍激光偏光技术中广泛应用的棱镜式偏光镜和偏光分束镜,对器件的设计原理及性能指标进行了技术性探讨。     

Self‐Healing of Polarizing Films via the Synergy between Gold Nanorods and Vitrimer

Conventional self‐healing is about the recovery of shape and mechanical properties. In contrast, recovery of functional properties is still a great challenge, especially for optical functional materials, as the known self‐healing methods are incompatible with optical properties. By utilizing the synergistic effect between Au nanorods and vitrimer, the alignment of Au nanorods can be achieved in the crosslinked polymer. The optical properties of the resulting polarizing film, such as light transmittance and polarization degree, can be fully recovered without an external repair agent. With simple laser irradiation to induce the photothermal effect of Au nanorods, the shape‐memory effect of vitrimer returns the Au nanorods to their initial orientation, and the plasticity achieves in situ self‐healing of the cutting area. The self‐healing of polarizing film provides a new research direction and reference for the application of self‐healing systems in functional materials.     

吹膜工艺对EVOH/纳米SiO2复合材料结构及性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）/纳米SiO2复合材料,用不同的吹膜工艺对复合材料进行吹膜。通过偏光显微镜（POM）、差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）测试对比了不同吹膜工艺制备的复合材料的结晶行为,并对复合材料的力学性能、阻隔性能和透明性进行了表征。研究发现,不同吹膜工艺改变了EV...     

偏振镜选购经验谈

被摄景物上的反射光形成的眩光往往大部分属于偏振光,可以用偏振镜滤去,从而显著提高画面质量。偏振镜有线偏振镜和圆偏振镜之分,一般的偏振镜为线偏振镜,有可能影响数码相机的AE和AF功能,圆偏振镜的前部起偏振镜作用,通过特定振动方向的偏振光,其后面部分则能使该偏振光的振动方向在一个圆周上旋转,恢复为非偏振光,就不会影响相机的AE和AF功能了。本文介绍如何分辨这两种不同性能和价格的偏振镜。     

Effect of catalyst for nickel films for NiSi formation with improved interface roughness

Iodine is an effective catalyst to obtain homogeneous and smooth metal films with good interface properties. We adopted an iodine catalyst during the nickel film deposition by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with bis(1-dimethylamino-2-methyl-2-butoxide)nickel [Ni(dmamb)₂] precursor and hydrogen reactant gas. The effect of iodine catalyst to nickel nucleation process was studied. The deposited films were silicided by rapid thermal process (RTP) which was performed by varying temperature from 400 °C to 900 °C in nitrogen ambient. The crystalline properties of nickel and nickel silicide films were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with various deposition temperatures. The interface properties and the surface morphology of nickel silicide films were studied by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the iodine-catalyzed silicide film, which have a clean and smooth interface, exhibit lower resistivity, and lower leakage current density compared to that of non iodine-catalyzed films in implemented n⁺/p junction diode.     

聚焦光斑磁光极克尔磁滞回线的热效应分析

实验设计并组建了一套磁光极克尔磁滞回线测量装置,该装置可以通过改变照射到样品上的激光功率来改变薄膜样品上被聚焦光斑照射的测试点的温度。同时通过计算模拟了激光照射在TbFeCo磁光薄膜上的温度分布情况,得到了薄膜的矫顽力随照射激光功率的变化关系,由此可以确定薄膜的居里温度和补偿温度。为研究磁光薄膜样品在各种温度条件下,磁光性能的变化以及多层磁光薄膜的磁耦合效应提供了有效的手段。     

偏振编码型光纤天线激光告警机的设计

为丁在激光告警中实现全方位角度探测,并且在一定探测精度的前提下尽量使结构简单、稳定,提出了基于偏振编码的光纤天线的测量方法.该方法是通过在不同方向上放置不同起偏角的偏振片编码,再将各个方向的光纤耦合成一束,经准直透镜组射入解偏光路中,通过判断电路分析得到激光入射方向.在计算及仿真了经偏振片后激光能量的衰减,求解电路能检测到最弱激光的幅值与偏振衰减最大时激光引起的响应电流的幅值的关系,得到在激光角分辨率为30°时满足探测要求.实验显示,在初始激光功率在20～150 mW的条件下,每20°划分的偏振角度中设定最小识别电压为20 mV时,满足全方位激光方向探测的要求.     

Optimum selection of novel developed implant material using hybrid entropy‐PROMETHEE approach

Optimum selection of appropriate biomaterial with unlike properties for the femoral head material is one of the toughest tasks. Therefore, in this article, a series of implant materials for the femoral head by vacuum casting induction furnace containing cobalt‐30chromium (Co‐30Cr) as a base material and three alloying elements (i. e. molybdenum, nickel and tungsten) were developed and evaluated for physical, mechanical and tribological properties. Density, hardness, compressive strength, coefficient of friction and volumetric wear were considered as material selection criterions. The weight of each criterion has been determined by entropy method, while the ranking of the alternatives has been carried out by the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) method. From this ranking results, it is found that the cobalt‐30chromium‐4molybdenum‐1nickel‐2tungsten (Co‐30Cr‐4Mo‐1Ni‐2W) material at given parameters is the best implant material for the femoral head component of hip joint replacement.     

The optical properties of sputtered Co3O4 films

Films of cobalt oxide were prepared by r.f. reactive sputtering of a cobalt target in Ar-O₂ mixtures, and their optical properties were determined by absorption spectroscopy and scanning ellipsometry. The films were further characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The films were found to consist of Co₃O₄ when the oxygen flow rate exceeded a critical value, in agreement with previous studies. The optical properties of this oxide are due to intense ligand field absorption by Co²⁺ and Co³⁺ ions in a spinel structure. The optical properties of cobalt films oxidized near 500 °C were very similar to those of the sputtered films. Reactive co-sputtering of nickel and cobalt blackened the films for low Ni:Co ratios as a result of charge transfer absorption. Smooth films of Co₃O₄ did not function well as selective thermal absorbers of solar radiation.