Odour recognition and segmentation by a model olfactory bulb and cortex

We present a model of an olfactory system that performs odour segmentation. Based on the anatomy and physiology of natural olfactory systems, it consists of a pair of coupled modules, bulb and cortex. The bulb encodes the odour inputs as oscillating patterns. The cortex functions as an associative memory: when the input from the bulb matches a pattern stored in the connections between its units, the cortical units resonate in an oscillatory pattern characteristic of that odour. Further circuitry transforms this oscillatory signal to a slowly varying feedback to the bulb. This feedback implements olfactory segmentation by suppressing the bulbar response to the pre-existing odour, thereby allowing subsequent odours to be singled out for recognition.     

Research on segmentation of sports images based on GMMLS method

The transmission is a major economic game broadcast, not just playing games, video files, and can be tracked by image segmentation. However, from the current situation, it can see the video segmentation technology is still immature. Image segmentation is a technique that divides the original image into several different categories. Many of the possible solutions, it can be made available for image segmentation into different motion image segmentation qualities and each, some of the categories. The first step in the preprocessing is to remove the noise from the image. The second level is designed to be based on the proposed Gaussian Mixed Model Level Set (GMMLS), which uses multi-level threshold technology for image segmentation. The GMMLS is expected to realize an image processing method because it is substantially parallel to and consistent with the regional image division processing. And the third process, feature extraction, completion and final motion image classification. Experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of artificial life methods in both luminance and color images. Experimental results show that the algorithm provides fast segmentation with high perceptual segmentation quality while moving the image split view.     

基于权重能量自适应分布的三维形状分割算法

针对三维形状分割问题,提出一种引入权重能量自适应分布参与深度神经网络训练的全监督分割算法.首先对三维形状表面进行过分割得到若干小块,提取每一个小块的特征描述符向量作为神经网络的输入,计算权重能量自适应分布,将经过加权后的分割标签作为神经网络的输出,训练深度神经网络.对于新的未分割的三维模型,提取模型表面三角面片的特征向量后输入到神经网络中进行预测分割后,对预测分割的边缘进行修整得到分割结果,实现三维模型的自动分割.在普林斯顿三维模型分割数据集上的实验结果表明,算法通过在训练过程中引入权重能量自适应分布,可以大幅降低神经网络训练时的均方误差,提高神经网络预测结果的准确率;与传统算法相比,该算法具有高准确率、强鲁棒性、强学习扩展能力等优点.     

Computational modeling of thoracic and abdominal anatomy using spatial relationships for image segmentation

This paper presents an original hierarchical segmentation approach of several thoracic and abdominal structures in CT and emission PET images. Segmentation results will be used to initialize a non-linear registration procedure between these complementary imaging modalities. Therefore, structures involved in the segmentation system must be visible in both CT and emission PET images in order to compute a spatial transformation between them. Thus, the chosen structures include lungs, kidneys and liver (skin and skeleton are also segmented as support structures). In the hierarchical segmentation procedure, the extraction of a given structure is driven by information derived from a simpler one. This information is composed of spatial constraints inferred from the previously segmented structures and expressed by means of Regions Of Interest (ROI) in which the search for new structures will take place. The segmentation of each structure follows a two-phase process: a first stage is composed of automatic thresholding and other low-level operations in the ROI defined by previously segmented objects; a second stage employs a 3D deformable model to refine and regularize results provided by the former step. Visual inspection by medical experts has stated that the proposed segmentation approach provides results which are accurate enough to guide a subsequent non-linear registration procedure.     

基于图像显著性检测的图像分割

图像分割在许多图像处理和机器视觉问题中是一个非常重要的过程,是将一幅图分割成几个显著的区域,然而不能将其中最显著的目标直接分割出来,需要进一步处理。为此本文采用显著性检测的算法实现了对目标的分割。显著性区域检测可以应用于目标检测、图像检索、图像分割等机器视觉问题。使用杨等人提出的基于图论的流形排序算法检测显著性算法得到显著性图,再结合mean-shift分割算法,实现了对视觉显著性目标分割提取,可获得可观的图像分割结果,并将此算法应用到了森林火灾检测中,能对图像中的火焰部分进行有效的分割提取。     

Segmentation of color images using multiscale clustering and graph theoretic region synthesis

A multiresolution color image segmentation approach is presented that incorporates the main principles of region-based segmentation and cluster-analysis approaches. The contribution of This work may be divided into two parts. In the first part, a multiscale dissimilarity measure is proposed that makes use of a feature transformation operation to measure the interregion relations with respect to their proximity to the main clusters of the image. As a part of this process, an original approach is also presented to generate a multiscale representation of the image information using nonparametric clustering. In the second part, a graph theoretic algorithm is proposed to synthesize regions and produce the final segmentation results. The latter algorithm emerged from a brief analysis of fuzzy similarity relations in the context of clustering algorithms. This analysis indicates that the segmentation methods in general may be formulated sufficiently and concisely by means of similarity relations theory. The proposed scheme produces satisfying results and its efficiency is indicated by comparing it with: 1) the single scale version of dissimilarity measure and 2) several earlier graph theoretic merging approaches proposed in the literature. Finally, the multiscale processing and region-synthesis properties validate our method for applications, such as object recognition, image retrieval, and emulation of human visual perception.     

Optic flow segmentation as an ill-posed and maximum likelihood problem

It is shown how the segmentation problem encountered in the interpretation of visual motion, for example, may be formulated as an ill-posed problem using the notion of maximum likelihood to provide a general framework and guide the choice of regularizing constraints. The statistical consequences of the segmentation procedure proposed are examined and it is shown how the notion of maximum likelihood leads to a natural way of estimating parameters in the optimization function, especially the noise levels to be assigned. A minimum entropy regularization constraint is then used to ensure that the interpretation of the visual data elicits as much spatial structure as possible. It is shown by means of a ‘toy’ optic flow example how this is achieved when there are several parameter dimensions over which to segment.     

A method for the analysis of ambiguous segmentations of images

In this correspondence we are interested in how interpretation and context restrictions can guide the analysis of ambiguous segmentations of images in computer vision systems. The final objective is to find image segments that can be interpreted (classified) such that their interpretations do not conflict with interpretations given to related segments. In the case that we have several possible labels for each segment, some of this ambiguity can be reduced by means of a relaxation process. In its discrete formulation, the relaxation operator examines pairs of related segments to see if they have incompatible labels, which are then discarded. This process is iterated until only compatible labels are left. In this work a new approach is proposed that considers all possible segmentations resulting from an ambiguous segmentation simultaneously in only one relaxation process. A new relaxation operator is defined that can be applied to ambiguous segmentations. In this way no backtracking is performed, ambiguity is reduced, and the best solution is still retained. The output of the process is a collection of segmentations and interpretations that is hopefully small enough so that each case can be considered separately.     

一种改进遗传退火算法的图像分割方法

图像分割是图像处理和分析的基础,本文通过分析遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm, GA）在图像分割中的应用优劣,提出利用模拟退火思想的改进遗传退火（Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm, GASA）的图像阈值分割算法,算法整个运行过程由冷却温度进度表控制,使用改进的最大类间方差公式作为遗传算法的适应度函数,从而求得灰度图像的一个最佳阈值用于图像分割。实验结果表明,基于改进遗传退火算法的最大类间方差图像分割方法能较好提高算法的全局搜索能力,避免遗传算法陷入局部最优,并且能更快速、更稳定收敛到最佳的分割阈值,得到更好的图像分割效果。     

Segmentation of connected handwritten digits using Self-Organizing Maps

Segmentation is an important issue in document image processing systems as it can break a sequence of characters into its components. Its application over digits is common in bank checks, mail and historical document processing, among others. This paper presents an algorithm for segmentation of connected handwritten digits based on the selection of feature points, through a skeletonization process, and the clustering of the touching region via Self-Organizing Maps. The segmentation points are then found, leading to the final segmentation. The method can deal with several types of connection between the digits, having also the ability to map multiple touching. The proposed algorithm achieved encouraging results, both relating to other state-of-the-art algorithms and to possible improvements.     

PCB检测中图像分割技术研究

光学检测是进行印刷电路板(PCB)装配质量检验的重要手段,应用图像分割技术可以提取PCB中的目标物以进行检测。针对PCB图像分割,提出一种基于改进量子遗传算法的图像分割方法。该方法将基于阈值的图像分割方法转化为阈值优化问题,通过改进量子遗传算法的计算实现最优图像分割阈值的求取。仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

红外成像仿真外部渲染方法研究

研究了红外成像仿真中目标与背景红外图像合成的重要技术问题,详细阐述了外部渲染方法的设计思想,并介绍了几种典型情况下通过外部渲染方法建立红外场景仿真时对目标进行分割和聚合的方式.此外,文中还给出了外部渲染方法的图像合成处理算法.最后通过一个仿真实例对该渲染方法进行了验证.通过对待渲染场景的目标进行合理的分割和聚合,该渲染方法可以有效地简化红外场景的建模处理,创建和合成出足够逼真度的红外场景.     

模糊相关图割的非监督层次化彩色图像分割

目的 基于阈值的分割方法能根据像素的信息将图像划分为同类的区域,其中常用的最大模糊相关分割方法,因能利用模糊相关度量划分的适当性,得到较好的分割结果,而广受关注。然而该算法存在划分数需预先确定,阈值的分割结果存在孤立噪声,无法对彩色图像实施分割的问题。为此,提出基于模糊相关图割的非监督层次化分割策略来解决该问题。方法 算法首先将图像划分为若干超像素,以提高层次化图像分割的效率;随后将快速模糊相关算法与图割结合,构成模糊相关图割2-划分算子,在确保分割效率的基础上,解决单一阈值分割存在孤立噪声的问题;最后设计了自顶向下层次化分割策略,利用构建的2-划分算子选择合适的区域及通道,迭代地对超像素实施层次化分割,直到算法收敛,划分数自动确定。结果 对Berkeley分割数据库上300幅图像进行了测试,结果表明算法能有效分割彩色图像,分割精度优于Ncut、JSEG方法,运行时间较这两种方法也提高了近20%。结论 本文算法为最大模糊相关算法在非监督彩色图像分割领域的应用提供指导依据,能用于目标检测和识别领域。     

A Practical Case Study: Face Recognition on Low Quality Images Using Gabor Wavelet and Support Vector Machines

Image segmentation is accepted to be one of the most important problems in image analysis. The good performance of any recognition system strongly depends on the results provided by the segmentation module. According to many researchers, segmentation finishes when the goal of observer is satisfied. Experience has shown that the most effective methods continue to be the iterative algorithms. However, a problem with these algorithms is the stopping criterion. In this work, we present a strategy for image segmentation through a new algorithm based on recursively applying the mean shift filtering, where entropy is used as a stopping criterion. The main feature of the proposed algorithm is to carry out segmentation in an only step. In other words, with the new algorithm is not necessary to carry out additionally the segmentation step, where in many occasions (mainly in complex applications), it can be computationally expensive. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown through several experimental results. The obtained results proved that the proposed segmentation algorithm is a straightforward extension of the filtering process. In this paper a comparison between our algorithm and so called EDISON System was carried out.     

基于条件能量对抗网络的肝脏和肝肿瘤分割

从图像中分割出肝脏和肝肿瘤是肝部疾病诊断重要手段之一,现有基于卷积神经网络（Convolutional Neural Network,CNN）方法通过为输入图像中每个像素分配类别标签来实现肝脏和肝肿瘤分割。CNN在对每个像素分类过程中没有使用邻域内其他像素类别信息,容易出现小目标漏检和目标边界分割模糊问题。针对这些问题,提出了条件能量对抗网络用于肝脏和肝肿瘤分割。该方法基于能量生成对抗网络（Energy-Based Generative Adversarial Network,EBGAN）和条件生成对抗网络（Conditional Generative Adversarial Network,CGAN）,使用一个基于CNN的分割网络作为生成器与一个自编码器作为判别器,通过将判别器作为一种损失函数来度量并提升分割结果与真实标注之间的相似度。在对抗训练过程中,判别器将生成器输出的分割结果作为输入并将原始图像作为条件约束,通过学习像素类别之间的高阶一致性提高分割精度,使用能量函数作为判别器避免了对抗网络训练中容易出现的梯度消失或梯度爆炸,更易于训练。在MICCAI 2017肝肿瘤分割（LiTS）挑战赛的数据集和3DIRCADb数据集上对提出的方法进行验证,实验结果表明,该方法不仅实现了肝脏与肝肿瘤的自动分割,还利用像素类别之间的高阶一致性提升了肿瘤和肝脏边界的分割精度,减少了小体积肿瘤的漏检。     

Progressive 3D shape segmentation using online learning

In this article, we propose a progressive 3D shape segmentation method, which allows users to guide the segmentation with their interactions, and does segmentation gradually driven by their intents. More precisely, we establish an online framework for interactive 3D shape segmentation, without any boring collection preparation or training stages. That is, users can collect the 3D shapes while segment them, and the segmentation will become more and more precise as the accumulation of the shapes.Our framework uses Online Multi-Class LPBoost (OMCLP) to train/update a segmentation model progressively, which includes several Online Random forests (ORFs) as the weak learners. Then, it performs graph cuts optimization to segment the 3D shape by using the trained/updated segmentation model as the optimal data term. There exist three features of our framework. Firstly, the segmentation model can be trained gradually during the collection of the shapes. Secondly, the segmentation results can be refined progressively until users’ requirements are met. Thirdly, the segmentation model can be updated incrementally without retraining all shapes when users add new shapes. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.     

Automatic segmentation of corpus collasum using Gaussian mixture modeling and Fuzzy C means methods

This paper presents a comparative study of the success and performance of the Gaussian mixture modeling and Fuzzy C means methods to determine the volume and cross-sectionals areas of the corpus callosum (CC) using simulated and real MR brain images. The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) utilizes weighted sum of Gaussian distributions by applying statistical decision procedures to define image classes. In the Fuzzy C means (FCM), the image classes are represented by certain membership function according to fuzziness information expressing the distance from the cluster centers. In this study, automatic segmentation for midsagittal section of the CC was achieved from simulated and real brain images. The volume of CC was obtained using sagittal sections areas. To compare the success of the methods, segmentation accuracy, Jaccard similarity and time consuming for segmentation were calculated. The results show that the GMM method resulted by a small margin in more accurate segmentation (midsagittal section segmentation accuracy 98.3% and 97.01% for GMM and FCM); however the FCM method resulted in faster segmentation than GMM. With this study, an accurate and automatic segmentation system that allows opportunity for quantitative comparison to doctors in the planning of treatment and the diagnosis of diseases affecting the size of the CC was developed. This study can be adapted to perform segmentation on other regions of the brain, thus, it can be operated as practical use in the clinic.     

基于改进Chan-Vese模型的电力设备红外图像分割

电力设备红外图像分割是电力设备模式识别和红外故障诊断的基础。Chan-Vese模型能够有效分割含强噪声和边缘模糊的图像,但其分割速度缓慢,并且在分割电力设备红外图像时不能有效消除无关背景。提出一种改进的Chan-Vese模型,采用多个初始轮廓,并采用二值函数代替距离函数初始化水平集函数;同时对Chan-Vese模型的梯度下降流提出改进,简化其图像数据项,并用一个高斯核函数取代长度正则项。改进的模型不仅方便计算,而且可以在迭代过程中采用更大时间步长,加快曲线演化速度。在对电力设备红外图像的分割实验中,证明了相比Chan-Vese模型,新模型分割速度明显提高,并且具备较好的消除无关背景的性能。     

Shape-Based Object Detection via Boundary Structure Segmentation

We address the problem of object detection and segmentation using global holistic properties of object shape. Global shape representations are highly susceptible to clutter inevitably present in realistic images, and thus can be applied robustly only using a precise segmentation of the object. To this end, we propose a figure/ground segmentation method for extraction of image regions that resemble the global properties of a model boundary structure and are perceptually salient. Our shape representation, called the chordiogram, is based on geometric relationships of object boundary edges, while the perceptual saliency cues we use favor coherent regions distinct from the background. We formulate the segmentation problem as an integer quadratic program and use a semidefinite programming relaxation to solve it. The obtained solutions provide a segmentation of the object as well as a detection score used for object recognition. Our single-step approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on several object detection and segmentation benchmarks.     

ASRNet: Adversarial Segmentation and Registration Networks for Multispectral Fundus Images

Multispectral imaging (MSI) technique is often used to capture images of the fundus by illuminating it with different wavelengths of light. However, these images are taken at different points in time such that eyeball movements can cause misalignment between consecutive images. The multispectral image sequence reveals important information in the form of retinal and choroidal blood vessel maps, which can help ophthalmologists to analyze the morphology of these blood vessels in detail. This in turn can lead to a high diagnostic accuracy of several diseases. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised end-to-end deep learning framework called “Adversarial Segmentation and Registration Nets” (ASRNet) for the simultaneous estimation of the blood vessel segmentation and the registration of multispectral images via an adversarial learning process. ASRNet consists of two subnetworks: (i) A segmentation module S that fulfills the blood vessel segmentation task, and (ii) A registration module R that estimates the spatial correspondence of an image pair. Based on the segmention-driven registration network, we train the segmentation network using a semi-supervised adversarial learning strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposed ASRNet can achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in segmentation and registration tasks performed with real MSI datasets.