橡胶/钢/橡胶复合结构隔爆机理与优化设计

为揭示橡胶/钢/橡胶复合结构的隔爆机理，建立了隔爆结构优化设计方法。利用LS-DYNA模拟了冲击波在介质中的衰减过程；采用已有理论分析冲击波在橡胶与钢中的传播过程，获得冲击波在橡胶/钢/橡胶复合结构中的衰减规律；针对RDX冲击起爆TNT的典型工况开展了不同复合隔板下冲击起爆试验；基于试验结果，在验证理论模型的基础上进行了复合隔板参数对冲击波传播的影响规律研究。结果表明，橡胶/钢/橡胶对冲击波衰减效果优于橡胶/钢的复合隔板结构，更优于单一介质结构；提出复合隔板设计方法，增大隔板高低阻抗材料之间的阻抗差异，有利于提高隔板对冲击波衰减效果；在隔板材料和总厚度一定的情况下，优先增加两端低阻抗材料厚度，减小中间高阻抗材料厚度。     

LX-04炸药大隔板试验的数值模拟

为研究不同条件下LX--04（HMX／氟橡胶／85／15）大隔板试验（LSGT）的冲击波感度G。,运用ANSYS／LS．DYNA对整个爆炸冲击波传爆过程进行了数值模拟,观察了LSGT中爆轰冲击波的传播过程,分别讨论了主发炸药PE4、TNT、B炸药产生的爆轰波经过有机玻璃隔板、铝隔板、钢隔板衰减后的冲击波压力变化情况,最终找出了3种不同主发炸药和3种隔板下LX-04冲击波感度G50。同时,定性地分析了3种隔板对爆炸冲击波的衰减系数。其中,铝隔板的衰减系数最大,有机玻璃隔板的衰减系数最小。     

FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的冲击起爆特性

为研究FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的冲击起爆特性,对其进行了冲击波感度试验和冲击起爆试验,结合冲击波在铝隔板中的衰减特性,确定了FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的临界隔板值和临界起爆压力,并通过锰铜压阻传感器记录了起爆至稳定爆轰过程压力历程的变化。结果表明,以Φ40mm×50mm的JH-14为主发装药时,FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药临界隔板值分别为37.51和34.51mm,对应的临界起爆压力为10.91和11.94GPa;起爆压力为11.58GPa时,FOX-7炸药的到爆轰距离为25.49~30.46mm,稳定爆轰后的爆轰压力为27.68GPa,爆轰速度为8 063m/s;起爆压力为14.18GPa时,RDX基含铝炸药的到爆轰距离为17.27~23.53mm,稳定爆轰后的爆轰压力为17.16GPa,爆轰速度为6 261m/s。     

Yb3+掺杂的TeO2-WO3-PbO碲酸盐玻璃的光谱性质研究

通过熔融淬冷法制备了掺Yb的(80%-x)TeO_2-20%WO_(3-x) PbO(x=0%,10%和20%)的碲酸盐激光玻璃,通过拉2 3曼光谱、透过光谱和荧光衰减曲线,研究了随着氧化铅含量的增加,玻璃的光学性能变化。结果表明,随着氧化铅的含量增加,玻璃的发射截面从1.24 pm增加到1.31 pm,荧光寿命从0.70 ms先增加到0.78 ms后减小到0.77 ms。60%TeO_2-20%WO-20%Pb O的玻璃有望用作制备大发射截面的固体激光增益介质。     

(1-x)Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3-xNaNbO3系无铅压电陶瓷的机电性能

采用传统陶瓷的制备方法,制备了(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xNaNbO3(r=0～0．08)压电陶瓷。X射线衍射分析表明：所研究的组成均能够形成纯钙钛矿(ABOx)型固溶体。不同频率下陶瓷材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示该体系材料具有典型的弛豫铁电体特征,且随着x的增加,其弛豫性特征愈明显。室温下陶瓷材料的饱和电滞回线表明：所研究组成均为铁电体．材料的剩余极化强度P1在x=0．02时具有最大值。检测了不同组成陶瓷的雎电性能,发现材料的压电常数d33和平面机电耦合系数Kp随着x值的增加先增加后降低,在x=0．02时．陶瓷的d33=88pC／N,Kp=0．1792,为所研究组成中的最大值．材料的介电常数εI3/ε0和介电损耗tanδ则随x值的增加而增加。     

HTPB/AP复合推进剂装药直径对冲击波点火的影响

为研究HTPB／AP复合推进剂装药直径对冲击波点火的影响作用,用隔板实验测试了不同装药直径对冲击波点火临界燃烧厚度及峰值压力的影响。确定了最佳药柱直径,并对其点火可靠性及药柱受冲击波点火后密度变化进行测试。结果表明,药柱直径与临界燃烧隔板厚度及冲击波强度有着密切的关系。密度为1．563g／cm^3时,HTPB／AP复合推进剂的最佳冲击波点火推进剂装药直径为40mm,且冲击波点火可靠性良好,药柱受冲击波作用后,密度发生一定变化。     

Sm/Sb共掺(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.935Ba0.065TiO3陶瓷的电致应变与光致发光特性(英文)

介绍了一种无铅发光应变材料(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_0.935–xSm_xBa_0.065Ti_1–xSb_xO₃(BNT–0.065BT–x Sm Sb)陶瓷。研究了Sm/Sb对BNT–0.065BT相结构、形貌和电性能的影响。BNT–0.065BT–x Sm Sb陶瓷均呈现纯钙钛矿相结构。Sm/Sb的加入诱导铁电弛豫相变,从而促进了应变的改善。当x=0.004时,单极应变为0.31%(70 k V/cm),相当于大信号d33^*(S_max/E_max)为443 pm/V。此外,发光性能研究表明,BNT–0.065BT–x Sm Sb陶瓷在407 nm激发下呈现明亮的橙红色发光。发光强度随着Sm/Sb掺杂浓度的增加而增大,其主要发射峰为599 nm附近的强红色发射峰,对应于⁴G_5/2→⁶H     

高Si掺杂RuO2材料的晶体结构、电子结构和导电性

通过密度泛函理论（density functional theory,DFT）的第一性原理,研究了高Si掺杂的（Ru_1-xSi_x）O₂（x=0、0.125、0.25、0.375、0.5）固溶体材料的晶体结构特征;对采用热分解制备的Si掺杂RuO₂的相分析,证实了通过合适的热分解工艺,可以实现高浓度Si的代位掺杂;能带结构研究显示,高Si掺杂RuO₂材料始终保持金属特性;态密度分析表明,Si可以提供少许Si-3p电子,但导电主体仍来自Ru-4d与O-2p电子;高Si掺杂（Ru_1-xSi_x）O₂的电导率随Si掺杂量的变化符合一阶指数衰减趋势。     

RDX基含铝炸药水中爆炸近场冲击波特性

通过水中爆炸试验,得到了RDX基含铝炸药在不同比例距离((-R))处的水中冲击波峰值压力、冲量和冲击波能.结果表明,在测试范围内,(-R)＜1.5 m/kg1/3,Al的质量分数为10%～20%时,冲击波峰值压力基本不变;(-R)≥1.5 m/kg1/3时,Al的质量分数为0～30%时,冲击波峰值压力基本不变.测试范围内,Al的质量分数为20%～30%时,冲量基本不变;Al的质量分数小于20%,冲量随Al含量的增加不断增大.(-R)＜1.0 m/kg1/3时,冲击波能随比例距离的增加而不断衰减;(-R)≥1.0 m/kg1/3时,冲击波能随比例距离的增加基本保持不变.(-R)=0.79 m/kg1/3(药柱18倍半径处)时,冲击波能量利用率只有25%左右,初始冲击波能损失了近1/2～3/5.     

丙烯酸树脂及其涂料

0006on3丙烯酸聚合物涂料及其气体屏蔽性叠层材料:」rQ00)07978旧本专利公开1旧本:Toyo Ink Mfg.Co,Ltd(Yaginuma,Masakj等).砚000.111尸11页一19981173749(1998.622);IPC C09D133106 题述涂料含有硅烷偶联剂和丙烯酸树脂[酸值Va 0.5一10mgKO州g,25“C下的贮存模量分别为(6.5一10)x 10,d抑眺m,(IHz)、(14一2.1)x一。‘0d”e/em,(l明z)、(2.0一2.5)x 10,0d”ez cmZ(100HZ);25OC下的损耗模量分别为(1.8一3.卫)X109d”e/cm,(l珑)、(1.4一2.3)x 10灿yne/cm,(10Hz)、(一4一s)x zogdyne/cm,(lo0Hz)]。在纯T膜材料表面沉积气体屏蔽性无…     

振荡管内入射激波衰减及其对冷效应的影响

在膨胀比ε 2～6、振荡管长径比L/d 87～737、射流激励频率f 10～240 Hz范围内,探讨了振荡管内入射激波衰减规律及其对压力波制冷机内流动及性能的影响。结果表明：入射激波相对强度Δp_x/Δp₀随着管长相对位置x/L增大而不断减小,入射激波衰减与管内气体黏性力和摩擦力作用、激波对管内气体增压增温作用以及与反射激波发生透射和反射作用有关;振荡管越短,管内入射激波相对强度降低越少,封闭端所产生的反射激波也越强,制冷机的最大制冷效率η_max会逐渐降低;增大管长会降低压力波制冷机的制冷效率波动幅度,有利于改善压力波制冷机变工况性能。基于量纲分析和实验数据得到了入射激波相对强度衰减公式,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,最大误差为5.70%。     

Numerical Study of Methane Pyrolysis in Shock Waves

Homogeneous gasphase pyrolysis of methane in a shock tube is numerically studied. The process of pyrolysis occurs under the action of a shock wave reflected from the end face of the tube. An inviscid onedimensional flow and a viscous twodimensional flow are considered. Twodimensional computations are performed on the basis of unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. The kinetic models used are Kassel's simplified gross scheme with 4 reactions and 5 chemical components of methane transformation and a more detailed kinetic scheme with 21 reactions and 13 chemical components. The computations are performed for the Mach number of the incident shock wave equal to M = 5.5. It is shown that the temperature behind the reflected shock wave rapidly decreases because the pyrolysis reaction is endothermic. For this reason, the chemical transformations in the course of pyrolysis are terminated when the total mass concentration of ethylene and acetylene is within 15 %. Additional heating of the gas is needed for deeper conversion of methane to ethylene and acetylene.     

Comparison of underwater shock wave attenuation of a new insensitive high explosive with different explosives

A series of experiments is performed to compare underwater shock wave attenuation of a new insensitive and aluminized high explosive RS with TNT, JH14, and PBXN-111 explosives. A new model with a uniform expression is proposed to characterize the pressure-time histories of the explosives. Numerical results show that the new model is applicable for both aluminized explosives and ideal explosives. The correlation coefficients for fitted curves are verified by thousands of test data for different explosives, and the accuracy is above 0.99. The energy of the underwater shock wave generated by PBXN-111 and TNT characterized by the new model agrees well with available experimental results. In addition, the shock energy of the new insensitive and aluminized high explosive RS is higher than that of PBXN-11 by 13.4%. The general performance of underwater shock wave attenuation of the insensitive and aluminized high explosive RS is found to be better than that of TNT, JH14, and PBXN-111 explosives.     

振荡管复合阻尼陷波

引　言压力波制冷机已在石油、化工及科研等领域中得到应用[1,2 ] .若其制冷效率 (η)能进一步提高 ,则有望在环保、航空航天、能源工程等更多领域得到推广应用 .影响 η的主要因素之一是其振荡管内反射激波对低温驱动气产生加热作用 ,因此 ,反射激波的消除一直是该领域的研究热点 .增大管长 (利用管内黏性和摩擦作用耗散激波能量 )可以有效削弱反射激波强度 ,但这将导致机器体积的急剧增大 ,如法国ＮＡＴ公司该类机器管长达 12ｍ[2 ] .ＮＡＴ公司曾尝试将振荡管封闭端与一个大直径封闭管相连通以耗散入射激波能量 ,实验表明 ,η反而降低 ,…     

反射激波的吸收对热分离器性能的影响

在膨胀比ε=2～6、振荡管长径比L/d=107～730、射流激励频率f=30～200 Hz范围内,探讨了截面突扩型激波吸收器的消波效果及其对热分离器性能的影响.结果表明：在振荡管末端安装截面突扩短管可有效减弱管内反射激波强度,但当L/d≤107时则不能完全吸收反射激波;吸收管内反射激波,可提高制冷效率,降低最佳射流激励频率值,缩小热分离器体积及改善机器的变工况性能.建立了在安装激波吸收器时振荡管参数间的最佳匹配关系,利用该关系式可以预测热分离器最佳射流激励频率的大小.     

Shaped Charge Jet Initiation on Explosive Charges equipped with barriers made up of various materials

This paper describes initiation tests on cast TNT/RDX (35/65) explosive charges applying shaped charge jets with test set-ups on which the HE charge was arranged either in contact to a 50-mm thick barrier or after a 100-mm thick barrier in a 15-mm air gap. A variety of materials was attached to the barrier's rear side which, on one band, resulted in a varying shock wave attenuation and also in different bulging effects that are responsible for the differences in the initiation mechanisms observed on the two test arrangements. Materials with a lower density also provide, due to a less precompression of the IIM charge used on the arrangement “test charge in contact”, shorter buildup distances than materials with a higher density. An exception to this is a high ductile material such as e.g. steel. The build-up distances, however, remain constant when arranging the explosive charge with an air gap. This backs up the hypothesis that most of all, bulging of the target is responsible for the sensitivity reduction observed on the test HE charges in contact with the barrier.     

Evolution of weak shock waves in dense media

Relations describing the evolution of a weak shock wave (SW) in a dense medium with account of its attenuation and spreading are derived. The evolution is presented as a result of superposition of two processes: propagation of a stepped weak shock wave and pursuit of the shock by a rarefaction wave.Moscow. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 139–143, March–April, 1995.     

Explosive Synthesis of Ultradisperse Aluminum Oxide in an Oxygen‐Containing Medium

Explosive synthesis of ultradisperse aluminum oxide in an oxygencontaining medium is studied. Synthesis conditions that are most optimal for production of the material in the ultradisperse state are determined. A physical model of the process is proposed. It is shown that attenuation of the shock wave causes separation of the shockcompressed material into liquid and solid layers. Possible mechanisms of aluminum combustion with subsequent dispersion of aluminum into the oxygencontaining medium of the explosive chamber are considered. It is shown that ultradisperse aluminum oxide powder is produced mainly from the second layer of the shockcompressed material. Experimental dependences of the yield of the disperse fraction on synthesis conditions are explained using the model proposed.     

Synthesis of soluble polyarylenes containing alternating 4,4′-(1,1′-binaphthyl) and 4,4′-(3,3′-diphenyl)biphenyl structural units

Summary The synthesis and Ni(0) catalyzed homocoupling polymerization of 4,4-bis[5-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)-2-biphenylyl]-1, 1-binaphthyl (9) are described. This polymerization reaction produces a soluble polyarylene containing alternating 4,4-(1,1-binaphthyl) and 4,4-(3,3-diphenyl)biphenyl structural units.