Microstructural evolution of TiAl base alloy during three-stepped thermo-mechanical treatment

ＴｉＡｌｂａｓｅａｌｌｏｙｓｈａｖｅｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄａｓｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ.Ｂｅｉｎｇｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｆｏｒｎｅａｒｌｙ 2 0ｙｅａｒｓ,ｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｏｆＴｉＡｌｂａｓｅａｌｌｏｙｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ(ｍｏｒｅｃｌｅａｒｌｙ) ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ,ｅｓｐｅ ｃｉａｌｌｙｔｈｅｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙ ,ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｇｒｅａｔｌ…     

Development of Flow Stress of AISI H13 Die Steel in Hard Machining

An approach was presented to characterize the stress response of workpiece in hard machining, accounting for the effect of the initial workpiece hardness in addition to temperature, strain and strain rate on flow stress in this paper. AISI H13 die steel was chosen to verify this methodology. The proposed flow stress model demonstrates a good agreement with experimental data. Therefore, the proposed model can be used to predict the corresponding flow stress-strain response of AISI H13 die steel with variation of the initial workpiece hardness in hard machining. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 550067),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50465003) and Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Plastic Forming Simulation and Die & Mould Technology (No. 06-3)     

Sand-wear resistance of brush electroplated nanocomposite coating in oil and its application to remanufacturing

Sand-wear resistance of nano scale alumina particle reinforced nickel matrix composite coating (n-Al₂O₃/Ni) prepared by brush electroplating technique was investigated via wear tests in sand-contaminated oil lubricant, comparing with that of AISI1045 steel and brush electroplated Ni coating. Effects of testing load, sand content and sand size on worn volume of the three materials, and also coating surface roughness on worn volume of the brush electroplated coatings were accessed. Results show that the worn volume of all the three materials increases with increasing of testing load, sand content and sand size. In the same conditions, n-Al₂O₃/Ni composite coating has the smallest worn volume while AISI1045 steel has the largest because of the n-Al₂O₃ particle effects. As to n-Al₂O₃/Ni and Ni coatings, the surface-polished coatings have obviously lower worn volume than the as-plated coatings. The brush electroplated n-Al₂O₃/Ni composite coating was employed to remanufacture the sand-worn bearing seats of a heavy vehicle and good results were gained. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (51489020104ZD0401) supported by the National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing; Project(51418060105JB3058) supported by National Defence Foundation     

Grain Refining Performance of SHS Al—50TiC Master Alloys for Commercially pure Aluminum

An Al-50wt^TiC composite was directly synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) technology,and then was used as a grain refining master alloy for commercially pure aluminun.The microstructure and grain refining performance of the synthesized master alloy were emphatically investigated.The SHS master alloy only ocntained submicron TiC particles except for Al matrix.Moreover,TiC particles were relatively free of agglomeration.Grain refining tests show that adding only 0.1wt^ of the master alloys to the aluminum melt could transform the sturcture of the solidified samples from coarse columnar grains to fine almost 1.5h at 1003K.Therefore,it is concluded that the SHS master alloy is an effective grain refiner for aluminum and its alloys,and that it is highly resistant to the grain refining fading encountered with most grain refiners.     

Physical simulation of hot deformation of TiAI based alloy

In order to establish a model between the grain size and the process parameters, the hot deformation behaviors of Ti-49.5Al alloy was investigated by isothermal compressive tests at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1 100 ℃ with strain rates of 10^-3-10^-1 s^-1. Within this range, the deformation behavior obeys the power law relationship, which can be described using the kinetic rate equation. The stress exponent, n, has a value of about 5.0, and the apparent activation energy is about 320 J/mol, which fits well with the value estimated in previous investigations. The results show that, the dependence of flow stress on the recrystallized grain size can be expressed by the equation: σ = K1 drex^-0.56. The relationship between the deformed microstructure and the process control parameter can be expressed by the formula: lgdrex= -0.281 1gZ 3.908 1.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of electro-thermal explosion sprayed stellite coating used for remanufacturing

Electro-thermal explosion directional spraying was used to prepare the stellite coating on substrate of the AISI 1045 steel. The morphologies of cross-section and worn scar, porosity, distribution of elements, micro-hardness and wear resistance of the coating were determined by means of SEM, EDAX, micro-hardness tester and sliding wear tester. Because of the compact construction, good bonding and high hardness, the coating is characterized by good wear resistance. The results show that the mainly failure mode of the stellite coating is micro-plowing. Foundation item: Project(2003AA331130) supported by Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

奥氏体锰钢的热处理工艺

提出应重点研究奥氏体锰钢的合金化及其合金元素作用机理、高效复合变质剂及其变质机理、简便有效的细晶和弥散热处理、奥氏体晶粒大小对奥氏体锰钢冲击韧度和耐磨性的影响。     

Simulation of dynamic recrystallization for aluminium alloy 7050 using cellular automaton

The prediction of microstructure evolution plays an important role in the design of forging process. In the present work, the cellular automaton (CA) program was developed to simulate the process of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) for aluminium alloy 7050. The material constants in CA models, including dislocation density, nucleation rate and grain growth, were determined by the isothermal compress tests on Gleeble 1500 machine. The model of dislocation density was obtained by linear regression method based on the experimental results. The influences of the deformation parameters on the percentage of DRX and the mean grain size for aluminium alloy 7050 were investigated in details by means of CA simulation. The simulation results show that, as temperature increases from 350 to 450 °C at a strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹, the percentage of DRX also increases greatly and the mean grain size decreases from 50 to 39.3 μm. The mean size of the recrystallied grains (R-grains) mainly depends on the Zener-Hollomon parameter. To obtain fine grain, the desired deformation temperature is determined from 400 to 450 °C. Foundation item: Project(2005CB724105) supported by the Major State Basic Research Program of China; Project(IRT0549) supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University     

The Stress Distribution and Thermal Behavior of TiBN and TiBN／TiN Coatings in Milling AISI H13 Work Tool Steel

The FEM model of TiBN ant TiBNI TiN coated cutting tool in milling of H13 steel was developed. Process variables such as temprature and stress in the coating layer as well as in the substrate were analyzed. The efficacy of the present FEM analysis was verified by conducting controlled milling experiments on AISI H13 to collect the relevant tool life and force data. The results show that the stress in a coated tool can significantly be reduced compared to an uncoated cutting tool, possibly due to surface coatings improving the tribolagical properties of cutting tools. Coatings with good thermal properties also help to improve the thermal behavior of cutting tool.     

Influence of nano-scaled dispersed second phase on substructure of deformed dispersion strengthened copper alloy

The deformation behavior of dispersion strengthened copper alloy Cu-Al₂O₃ was studied by TEM. The results show that nano-scaled dispersed second phase not only increases dislocation density in matrix, but also has an important influence on the dislocation substructure. The presence of fine dispersed Al₂O₃ particles results in a uniform and random dislocation distribution in matrix copper and causes the difficulty in formation of dislocation cell structure and the decrease in the amount of cell structure during deformation. Deformation gives rise to much more dislocations and dislocation cells form more difficultly and the decrease in the cell size with the increase of dispersion degree. Foundation item: Project (2002AA302505) supported by the National Advanced Materials Committee of China     

Grain refining of flange plate for welded H section steel made under asynchronous rolling condition

Asynchronous rolling technology was adopted for the accumulated ten passes cold rolling, flange plate steel, and for welded H section steel, respectively. The metallographic microstructure analysis, tensile test and annealing test were carried out for cold rolled pieces; thus the ratio of length to width of grain, tensile strength, relationship between the grain size and asynchronous rolling process parameters after annealing can be obtained. The experimental results show that the relationship between the asynchronous rolling and the shearing deformation of rolled pieces can make a reasonable interpretation of the mechanism that asynchronous rolling may improve the strain accumulated energy of rolled pieces and the strength of flange plate steel. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of asynchronous rolling in improving the strength of flange plate steel.     

Flow stress equation for multipass hot-rolling of aluminum alloys

Ｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｓｔｒｅｓｓｏｆａｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｒｅｌａｔｅｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｒａｉｎ ,ｓｔｒａｉｎｒａｔｅ ,ａｎｄｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｆｄｅ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｔｏｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ .Ａｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｉｎｐｕｔｆｏｒｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｔｈｅｒｍｏｍｅ ｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｕｓｉｎｇｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,ａｎａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｆｌｏｗｓｔｒｅｓｓｖａｌｕｅｏｒｆｌｏｗｓｔｒｅ…     

Effects of microstructures on the deformation and fracture behaviors of TiAl-based alloys

The fracture toughnessK _Ic, the tensile deformation and fracture behaviors of different microstructures ofγ-TiAl based alloy, Ti-33Al-3Cr-0.5Mo] were studied at room temperature. It is found that theK _Ic value is lower in the duplex microstructure, and increases with the increase of vol pct of the lamellar microstructure, and that the full lamellar has the highestK _Ic value. Cleavage was the dominant fracture mechanism in the duplex microstructure material. In contrast, for the full lamellar microstructure the high anisotropy of deformation and the large strain discontinuity at grain boundaries resulting in decohesion of grain boundaries are the main fracture processes. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Advanced Materials Committee of China Synopsis of the first author Chen Xiaoqun, associated professor, born in Jan. 1965, current research fields: physical metallurgy of high-temperature structural intermetallic compounds.     

Design and micro mechanical properties of nano-SiO2 strengthened composite coatings towards remanufacturing

Nano-SiO₂ particles strengthened Ni-based composite coating was designed and prepared on steel substrate. The structures and nanoparticle content of the nano-SiO₂/Ni composite coating were determined by SEM, EDS and TEM; and the micro mechanical properties were tested by nano-indentation technique. The results show that 56% of particles in the solution are dispersed in size of less than 100 nm, the content of nanoparticles co-deposited in the coating doubles and structure of the coating is more compact and uniform than that of Ni coating. Nano-SiO₂/Ni coating exhibits excellent micro mechanical properties, and the nanohardness and elastic modulus are 7.81 GPa and 198 GPa, respectively, which are attributed to finer crystal strengthening, dispersion strengthening and high-density dislocation strengthening of nano-SiO₂ particles to the composite coatings. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (G1999065009) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China     

Ni-Cr alloy electrodepositing technology on Fe substrate and coating performance

The Ni-Cr alloy electrodepositing technology on iron substrate in the chlorid-sulfate solution and the impacts of main processing parameters on coating composition were studied. The optimal Ni-Cr alloy electrodepositing conditions are that the cathode current density is 16 A/dm^2, the plating solution temperature is 30 ℃ and the pH value is 2.5. The bright, compact coating gained under the optimal conditions has good cohesion and 24.1% Cr content. The results show that the coating is composed of crystalline, the average grain size is 82 nm and the higher the Cr content of coating, the larger the rigidity, and the higher the corrosion resistance. The rigidity of coating reaches 78.6（HR30T） and the passivation area broadens to 1.4 V when the Cr content of coating is 24.1%.     

Experimental study on wear failure course of gas-valve/valve-seat in engine

The wear failure course of gas-valve/valve-seat in engine was investigated with a simulating tester. The results show that the failure of the contact conical surface is mainly caused by the elastic and plastic deformation and the fatigue micro-crack and spalling. The creep-deformation and corrosion atmosphere accelerated wear failure course at the high temperature. The wear failure course of the gas-valve/valve-seat in engine follows general wear rules of mechanical elements, but the rate of wear in the sharp wear stage is faster. Foundation item: Project supported by Postdoctoral Foundation of Central South University; project (04B035) supported by the Youth Foundation of Hunan Province Education Bureau     

An new representation for interconnection network structures

An important theoretic interest is to study the relations between different interconnection networks,and to compare the capability and performance of the network structures. The most popular way to do the investigation is network emulation. Based on the classical voltage graph theory, the authors develop a new representation scheme for interconnection network structures. The new approach is a combination of algebraic methods and combinatorial methods. The results demonstrate that the voltage graph theory is a powerful tool for representing well-known interconnection networks and in implementing optimal network emulation algorithms, and in particular, show that all popular interconnection networks have very simple and intuitive representations under the new scheme. The new representation scheme also offers powerful tools for the study of network routings and emulations. For example, we present very simple constructions for optimal network emulations from the cube-connected cycles networks to the butterfly networks, and from the butterfly networks to the hypercube networks. Compared with the most popular way of network emulation, this new scheme is intuitive and easy to realize, and easy to apply to other network structures.     

Fatigue properties of 48MnV steel with twin arc spraying 3Cr13 coatings

The fatigue behaviors of 48MnV steel, both uncoated and coated with different thicknesses of 3Cr13 deposits using twin arc spraying, were investigated. The fatigue properties of the 48MnV steel, determined under axial loading conditions, can be substantially decreased by coating 3Cr13 films, deposited by twin arc spraying. And the fatigue behavior of the thinner coatings is better than that of the thicker ones, of which the fatigue limits decrease by 9%–14%. The decrease in fatigue life attributes to the less mechanical properties of the coatings in comparison with those of the substrate, their relative bad bonding strength and trapped oxide or Al₂O₃ particles retain in the matrix after blasting responsible for the initiation of fatigue cracks. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

H13钢常规处理与细化处理的组织与性能

本文研究了 H13钢经常规热处理和细化处理后的组织与性能。结果表明,常规热处理后 H13钢具有二次硬化和回火脆性。细化处理可使碳化物和奥氏体晶粒双细化。细化处理与常规处理相比,塑性基本不变,强度、硬度、冲击韧性、耐磨性均明显提高。细化处理是生产上可应用、推广的新工艺。     

Effect of heat treatments on tensile properties and microstructure of 2195 alloy

Effect of various aging treatments on the tensile properties and microstructure of 2195 alloy has been investigated. The experimental results show that promising combination of strength and ductility is achievable under T₈ temper. The lower aging temperature reduces T₁ precipitation on the subgrain or grain boundaries and favors uniform dispersion of T₁ phases in the matrix, resulting in better strength and ductility. Prior deformation before aging has improved tensile strength with a slight decrease in ductility. Pre-aging after prior deformation had little effect on the age-hardening behavior of 2195 alloy. Project supported by the Key Program of the 9th Five-year Plan of China Synopsis of the first author Zheng Ziqiao, professor, born in 1944, major research fields: physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys; functionally gradient materials; self-propagation high temperature synthesis.