无机填料对功能弹性体吸声性能的影响

基于调节聚氨酯/环氧树脂(PUR/EP)弹性体基材声阻抗,增加材料对声能弛豫吸收和传播路径、加大声波损耗的目的,在基材中加入空心玻璃微珠和云母两种无机材料,并通过改变无机材料的添加量和梯度结构设计对其水声吸声性能展开了研究。研究结果表明:无机填料云母和空心微珠的加入均能有效改善PUR/EP基材的吸声性能。空心微珠量越多,吸声效果越佳。云母添加量的影响规律为5%含量时平均吸声系数高,而高云母含量则只能对基材的低频吸声性能的提高贡献较大。这两种无机填料的梯度分层复合材料的吸声性能要优于非梯度材料(总含量10%)。     

不同无机填料对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

以聚醚多元醇和TDI-80为原料,MOCA为扩链剂,填充不同无机填料,分别合成填充型聚氨酯弹性体,研究了不同无机填料对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响。采用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、热重分析（TG）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）及力学性能等测试方法对填充型聚氨酯弹性体的结构与性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,3种...     

陶瓷微珠填充聚氨酯弹性体复合材料性能研究

以聚醚N-204、甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料,用1,4-丁二醇作为扩链剂,填加陶瓷微珠,用机械搅拌或超声波分散法合成填充型聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。并对其力学性能进行了研究,同时用扫描电镜研究了弹性体的微粒分布形态。结果表明,DTA型陶瓷微珠填充效果最好,填料量为15%时力学性能最佳。     

海泡石/空心微珠/环氧树脂复合涂层在镁合金表面的隔热性能研究

通过SEM、TGA、隔热性能测试等方法研究了加入不同量无机填料的环氧树脂复合涂层的结构和性能。无机纤维海泡石的加入提高了环氧树脂的耐热性能,同时在空心微珠之间起到填充和阻热的作用。当纤维状无机填料海泡石与球状无机填料空心玻璃微珠的加入量分别达到15%时,厚度约3.0mm的涂层在经受500℃高温2 min后,镁合金基体背面温度大约为300℃。随着无机填料加入量的进一步增加,隔热效果反而变差。在实验结果的基础上,建立了两种填料高分子复合材料的传热模型,分析了两种填料在涂层隔热过程中的作用机理。     

从可补充的资源中合成用于橡胶补强的一种新型硅烷偶联剂

由于石油危机,使得炭黑填充剂价格上涨,于是,人们对探索填充无机填料的弹性体领域的兴趣显著增加。近十年来发表了许多有关用硅烷改性的填充无机填料的弹性体。众所周知的橡胶反应性硅烷偶联剂有乙烯基、硫基、氨基,烷氧基等的硅烷。这些偶联     

弹性体用含碳填料的改性

在固体橡胶或胶乳中加人易分散的有机或无机填料，可以提高其机械性能和工艺性能或者降低成本。人们感兴趣的是补强填料，其加人橡胶胶中能提高橡胶的弹性、拉伸强度、耐磨性、降低溶胀。“填料一弹性体”的表面结合现象对填充胶料的性能有很大的影响。从热力学的观点看，是弹性体一填料体系的内能发生了变化，但熵未发生改变。很明显，良好的补强效应是填充弹性体中的粘合能大于内聚能。只有橡胶基质与填料微粒在所有边界表面有强的接触才可达到这种效果，     

不同材料填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能分析

对纳米Al2O3、玻纤粉、石墨、微珠粉等材料填充的UHMWPE复合材料进行了拉伸、硬度和磨损性能试验.结果表明不同填料对UHMWPE性能的影响不一样,几种填料填充UHMWPE后,其硬度及耐磨性有不同的改善,而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率有不同程度的下降;其中以质量分数为10%的纳米Al2O3填充UHMWPE综合性能最佳;石墨填充材料的加入会使UHMWPE拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降较大,脆性增大,但可较好地改善UHMWPE的耐磨性.     

不同材料填充超高摩尔质量聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能分析

对纳米Al2O3、玻纤粉、石墨、微珠粉等材料填充的UHMWPE复合材料进行了拉伸、强度和磨损性能试验。结果表明：不同填料对UHMWPE性能的影响不一样，几种填料填充UHMWPE后，其硬度及耐磨性有不同的改善，而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率有不同程度的下降；其中以质量分数为10％的纳米Al2O3填充UHMWPE综合性能最佳；石墨填充材料的加入会使UHMWPE拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降较大，脆性增大，但可较好地改善UHMWPE的耐磨性。     

填料对PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体性能的影响

通过试验比较分析了几种不同填料对PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体拉伸性能、压缩永久变形性能的影响。结果表明:滑石粉类填料填充的PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体,其拉伸强度优于碳酸钙类填料填充的弹性体,断裂伸长率低于碳酸钙类填料填充的弹性体;采用填料填充的弹性体,其压缩永久变形率均大于未填充弹性体,且以5μm滑石粉为填料时,材料的压缩永久变形率提高最少。     

无机组合粒子/聚丙烯复合材料的改性研究

选用纳米碳酸钙、滑石粉、玻璃微珠作为无机填料,研究了三元复配填料填充对聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响。通过对复合材料熔体指数、力学性能以及形态结构的比较,探讨了无机组合粒子级复配共混的协同效应。结果表明:无机复配填料能够产生一定的协同效应,提高聚丙烯复合材料的综合性能。     

Effect of fillers on thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer

The effects of five different types of fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethane elastomers were explored to develop a filled polyurethane elastomeric liner for rocket motors with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based composite propellants. Two type of carbon black, silica, aluminum oxide, and zirconium(III) oxide were used as filler. Based on the improvement in the tensile properties and the erosion resistance achieved in the first part of the study, an ISAF-type carbon black was selected to be used as the main filler in combination with an additional filler. The second part involves the investigation of polyurethane elastomers containing a second filler in various amounts in addition to the ISAF-type carbon black used as the main filler. In addition to the thermal and mechanical properties, the processability of the uncured polyurethane mixtures were also explored by measuring the viscosity in this second part of the study. The studied fillers do not considerbly change the thermal degradation temperatures and the thermal conductivity of the polyurethane elastomers with a filler content up to 16 wt %. The best improvement in the erosion resistance and tensile strength of the polyurethane elastomers with additional fillers is also achieved when filled with the ISAF-type carbon black, whereas the use of zirconium(III) oxide as additional filler provides almost no improvement in these properties. Viscosity of the uncured polyurethane mixtures increases with the increasing filler content and with the decreasing particle size of the filler. Aluminum oxide-filled elastomers seem to be the most suitable compositions having sufficiently high thermal and mechanical properties, together with the processability of uncured mixtures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1057–1065, 1998     

High strength continuous glass strand—polyurethane composites by the reaction injection molding process

Considerable work has been published on the subject of filling reaction injection molded (RIM) polyurethane elastomers with discontinuous particulate fillers such as milled glass fibers, flake glass and wollastonite, RIM polyurethane elastomers are filled for three reasons: (1) to increase stiffness, (2) to decrease the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, and (3) to improve thermal dimensional stability. Discontinuous particulate fillers either do not appreciably change strength properties, e.g., tensile strength or they cause dramatic reduction in strength properties, e.g., impact resistance. To overcome these deficiencies, new fillers are necessary. Once such material is continuous glass strand mat. In order to make continuous glass strand-polyurethane composites by the RIM process, a particular balance of ingredients to produce the RIM polyurethane must be used. We will discuss the properties of these composites and suggest possible applications and future directions in which this research might proceed.     

无机填料对低硬度聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

研究了不同无机类填料对低硬度聚氨酯弹性体力学性能、耐溶剂性能以及耐热性能的影响。结果表明。分子筛和纳米粒子改性聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能、耐溶剂性能以及耐热性能要优于普通聚氨酯弹性体；用分子筛改性的聚氨酯弹性体力学性能和耐热性能与用纳米粒子改性的聚氨酯弹性体性能相比无大的差别，耐溶剂性能则更好些。从性能价格比方面考虑，用分子筛改性是较佳的选择。     

Mechanical characteristics of sealants based on polyurethane-lignin polyblends

Previously, different characteristics such as curing, morphology, miscibility and swelling have been evaluated in studies of polyurethane-lignin polyblends. In the present paper the mechanical properties of the same polyblends are investigated and compared with those of polyurethane filled with some mineral fillers. The effect of these fillers and lignin on the polyurethane sealant curing kinetics and the effect of their packing characteristics on the mechanical properties are considered and discussed. The research showed that the addition of mineral fillers or different kinds of lignins increases the Young modulus. The enhancement of the mechanical characteristics is more evident for Sillitin/Titanox (clay/TiO₂) filled polyurethane than for lignin filled polyurethane. This mineral filler combination increases both stress and strain, which is attributed to its finer average particle size.     

白碳黑与三氧化铝填料对聚氨酯弹性体耐磨性的影响

研究了不同质量分数的白碳黑与Al2O3填料对聚氨酯弹性体耐冲蚀磨损性能的影响。结果表明,白碳黑填料降低了聚氨酯弹性体的耐磨性,而聚氨酯弹性体耐磨性随着Al2O3颗粒加入量的增加先升高而后下降,在质量分数为34%时达到峰值;讨论了填料对聚氨酯复合材料磨损行为与机理的影响。     

对苯二异氰酸酯型聚氨酯弹性体的合成及性能研究

以对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、低聚物多元醇和小分子二元醇等为原料合成了PPDI浇注型聚氨酯弹性体,考察了不同低聚物多元醇对弹性体的物理机械性能、动态力学性能及热氧老化性能的影响,并与MDI和TDI型聚氨酯弹性体进行了比较。结果表明,PPDI型聚氨酯弹性体较MDI、TDI型弹性体具有更低的内生热、更高的回弹性,可用于轮胎胎面材料的制备。     

Reversible electrical behavior with strain for a carbon black‐filled rubber

Most unfilled elastomers exhibit a high electrical resistance. Fillers are usually added to elastomers to enhance their mechanical properties. Frequently the filler type used is an electrically conductive carbon black and the inclusion of such fillers reduces the resistivity of the elastomer compound. Previous work has shown that for elastomers containing high abrasion furnace, carbon black fillers such as N330 (or N300 series) at a volume fraction above the percolation threshold the resistivity changes with strain, the precise resistivity versus strain behavior being nonlinear and irreversible for conventional carbon black fillers. A strain‐measuring device, deriving strain directly from a measure of the resistivity, requires that the behavior be reversible and reproducible from cycle to cycle. This work presents the electrical resistivity behavior of a natural rubber (NR) compound filled with Printex XE2 carbon black. This type of filler has a significantly different morphology to the N300 series blacks examined previously. The Printex was incorporated into the rubber at a volume fraction above its percolation threshold and its behavior is contrasted to that observed with N300 series carbon black‐filled NR. Here, and for the first time, reversible electrical resistivity dependence with strain is reported for an elastomer filled with Printex XE2. This reversible behavior under strain opens up the possibility of applications, such as a flexible load sensor, pressure sensor, or switch. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

纳米Si3N4及其混杂填料改性PTFE的性能研究

采用模压成型的方法制备了纳米氮化硅(Si3N4)与二硫化钼(MoS2)、玻璃纤维(GF)、纳米三氧化二铝(Al2O3)混合填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,研究了PTFE复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析了拉伸断面形貌及增强机理。结果表明：Si3N4及其混杂填料均使复合材料表面硬度增大;PTFE/Si3N4/Al2O3纳米复合材料具有较好的拉伸性能;混杂填料均可以显著改善PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能,其中5 %的Si3N4与10 %的Al2O3混杂填充复合材料的耐磨性最好,填料对复合材料摩擦因数影响不大。SEM分析表明,纳米Si3N4、Al2O3与PTFE基体界面结合较好。     

基于聚甲醛及其复合材料的摩擦学研究进展

介绍了聚甲醛（POM）的基本物理化学性能,综述了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）共混、无机粒子填充、添加纳米粒子、纤维增强、绿色填料及多元复合对POM复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究进展,指出今后应加强对多因素协同作用下POM复合材料的磨损机理和绿色POM复合材料摩擦学方面的研究。