挤压镁合金AM60的腐蚀疲劳

研究了加载频率、溶液pH值、氯离子浓度和氟化物转化膜等对挤压镁合金AM60疲劳寿命的影响,讨论了疲劳机理及AlMn相的作用.结果表明:在空气中10 Hz以下,疲劳寿命与频率有一定的关系;而在10 Hz以上,疲劳寿命与频率无关.AM60在中性溶液中疲劳寿命最短,在碱性溶液中疲劳寿命最长.氯离子能明显地降低疲劳寿命,含氟转化膜提高腐蚀疲劳寿命的作用不明显.断口分析表明,挤压镁合金AM60疲劳裂纹的形成与AlMn相粒子有关.在空气中,疲劳裂纹源为AlMn相粒子;而在溶液介质中,腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生于AlMn相粒子周围的点蚀坑.     

Grain refinement of AM60B magnesium alloy by SiC particles

AM60B alloy has been refined by SiC particles and the corresponding refining mechanism has been mainly discussed. The results indicate that the addition of 0.2 wt% SiC particles in form of mixture with Mg powder decreases the grain size from 317 μm of the not refined alloy to 46 μm. The decrease of β phase and formation of Mg₂Si and Al₄C₃ phases well demonstrate that the reactions of 3SiC + 4Al = Al₄C₃ + 3Si and 2Si + Mg = Mg₂Si occur during refining treatment. In addition, the crystal nuclei are composed of two kinds of elements, Al and C. All of these imply that the formed Al₄C₃ particles are the actual heterogeneous nucleation substrates.     

High cycle fatigue mechanisms in a cast AM60B magnesium alloy

ABSTRACT We examine micromechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and growth in a cast AM60B magnesium alloy by relating dendrite cell size and porosity under different strain amplitudes in high cycle fatigue conditions. Fatigue cracks formed at casting pores within the specimen and near the surface, depending on the relative pore sizes. When the pore that initiated the fatigue crack decreased from approximately 110 µm to 80 µm, the fatigue life increased two times. After initiation, the fatigue cracks grew through two distinct stages before final overload specimen failure. At low maximum crack tip driving forces (K_max < 2.3 MPa√m), the fatigue crack propagated preferentially through the α‐Mg dendrite cells. At high maximum crack tip driving forces (K_max > 2.3 MPa√m), the fatigue crack propagated primarily through the β‐Al₁₂Mg₁₇ particle laden interdendritic regions. Based on these observations, any proposed mechanism‐based fatigue model for cast Mg alloys must incorporate the change in growth mechanisms for different applied maximum stress intensity factors, in addition to the effect of pore size on the propensity to form a fatigue crack.     

轧制组织对镁合金AM60疲劳性能的影响

研究了AM60轧制后挤压镁合金的组织对其机械性能和疲劳裂纹扩展性能的影响。实验表明:轧制使晶粒细化,强度显著提高。沿纵轴轧制方向出现大量等轴李晶组织,而在横向原来的孪晶组织消失。对于存在大量孪晶组织的方向,其抗拉强度明显低于其它方向。轧制AM60的横向疲劳裂纹扩展速度(FCPR)明显地高于纵向。当疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区的尺寸与组织的晶粒度接近时,挤压AM60组织中晶粒大小的不均匀引起裂纹分叉,裂纹分叉和粗糙度诱发的裂纹闭合对疲劳裂纹扩展产生严重的阻滞作用在挤压镁合金AM60的疲劳裂纹扩展速度(da/dN)与应力强度因子范围(△K)的关系曲线上出现拐点(△K=64～7.5 MPa·m~(1/2))。疲劳裂纹扩展为沿晶和穿晶混合方式。     

合金元素对AM60B镁合金性能的影响

为提高镁合金的力学性能,将元素Sr和稀土元素Y、Nd加入到AM60B中.采用X光荧光和X射线衍射对合金的化学成分和物相组成进行了分析,研究了合金元素对AM60B镁合金力学性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜对合金试样的断口表面进行了观察,对其断裂行为进行了探讨.研究结果表明,Sr和稀土元素Y、Nd使AM60B镁合金的力学性能得到改善,含Sr和稀土元素Nd的AM60B镁合金的断裂强度和延伸率最高,分别达到224.57 MPa和9.25%,比AM60B镁合金分别提高了32%和38%,合金的屈服强度也得到改善.稀土元素Y和Nd的加入,使AM60B镁合金表现出较大的塑性变形能力.     

AM60镁合金表面功能纳米有机薄膜的制备及特性研究

通过有机镀膜方法,利用一种设计合成的三氮杂嗪硫醇有机化合物钠盐在AM60镁合金表面制备了有机薄膜。采用循环伏安法和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了镁合金表面有机镀膜过程的反应机理,使用椭圆偏振光谱仪测量了薄膜的厚度、接触角测量仪表征了薄膜的浸润性,借助极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱评价了膜层的耐腐蚀性。结果表明,该有机薄膜为纳米尺度,且使镁合金表面发生亲水到疏水特性转变;经有机镀膜后镁合金的腐蚀电流从1840nA/cm2降低到540nA/cm2、腐蚀电位从-1.454V上升到-1.340V,且电荷传递电阻从2.24kΩ·cm2提高到16.88kΩ·cm2,从而有效地提高了镁合金基体的耐腐蚀性能。     

AM60B镁合金微弧氧化膜层的结构与性能研究

为了提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,用微弧氧化方法在AM60B镁合金表面生成了氧化物膜层.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了膜层的形貌、结构和组成.研究表明,氧化膜可分为两层,外层疏松多孔,内层结构致密,膜层主要由MgO、Mg2SiO4和少量MgAl2O4相组成,从外层到内层,Mg2SiO4相含量减少,MgO相含量增大.与镁合金基体相比,氧化物膜层表面硬度提高7～8倍. 在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化测试表明,微弧氧化处理使镁合金的耐蚀性能得到了明显提高.     

Modeling fracture properties in a die-cast AM60B magnesium alloy I—Analytical failure model

A failure model for die-cast magnesium alloys is formulated based upon a previously published critical strain model and the analysis of the stress concentration factor due to a spherical void. The failure model predicts the fracture strain during uniaxial tensile loading from the strain-hardening coefficient of the magnesium alloy and the area fraction of porosity due to a macropore in the microstructure. It was determined that this model predicts the fracture strain of 10 tensile samples with holes of different diameters drilled through the cross-section with reasonable accuracy. The predictions are further shown to agree with literature data for three magnesium-based casting alloys.     

Fatigue deformation characteristic of as-extruded AM30 magnesium alloy

The fatigue deformation behavior of as-extruded AM30 magnesium alloy has been investigated under different strain amplitudes in this paper, and the microstructure and fractograph during the cyclic deformation have been analyzed by use of the optical microscope (OM) and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results show that there are many {1 0 –1 2} twins in the fatigue specimens of the extruded AM30 alloy, and with the increase of total strain amplitude, the twins become coarser and longer. Otherwise, there are many twin bands composed of many tiny lenticular type twins ({1 0 –1 2}〈1 0 –1 1〉 twin) near the fatigue fracture, which become more with increase of total strain amplitude.     

Dislocation movements during creep in a die-cast AM50 magnesium alloy

Tensile creep tests were combined with detailed transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize the dislocation movements during creep of the die-cast AM50 magnesium alloy. TEM observations indicate that dislocations are introduced within the primary α-Mg grain interior in the die-casting process, which consist of both the basal and non-basal segments. The non-basal segments of dislocations, having smoother curvature in as die-cast state, partially exhibit steps parallel to the basal plane during high temperature exposure. The basal segments of dislocations are able to bow out and glide on the basal planes under the influence of a stress, and the non-basal segments and/or jogs follow the basal segments with the help of climb during creep.     

Corrosion protection of AM60B magnesium alloy by application of electroless nickel coating via a new chrome-free pretreatment

Cerium–vanadium (Ce–V) conversion coating was proposed as a new pretreatment for application of electroless Ni–P coating on AM60B magnesium alloy to replace the traditional chromium oxide pretreatment. Morphology and chemical composition of the conversion coating were investigated. The subsequent Ni–P coating deposited on the conversion coating was also characterized by morphology, chemical composition, microstructure, corrosion protection performance and micro-hardness. A uniform, compact and pore-free electroless coating with a moderate concentration of phosphorus (7.78 wt%) was obtained. The electroless coating showed a nobler open-circuit potential than that of the bare alloy during the first 13 h of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Also, the sample plated with the Ce–V conversion coating showed lower corrosion current density than the sample plated with traditional chromium oxide pretreatment. The micro-hardness of the bare alloy was significantly increased after electroless coating. The electroless coating is pore-free and there is suitable adhesion between the coating and alloy substrate.     

Influence of calcium on ignition-proof mechanism of AM50 magnesium alloy

Journal of Materials Science - In order to improve the ignition proof of AM50 magnesium alloy, 1wt% Ca was added to AM50 magnesium alloy to prepare investigated alloy. The ignition temperature,...     

The effect of grain size on the flow stress determined from spherical microindentation of die-cast magnesium AM60B alloy

Spherical microindentation tests were performed on samples cut from an AM60B magnesium alloy die casting to determine the effects of grain size on the local flow stress. Five samples were indented in the skin region (finer grain sizes), two samples in the core region (larger grain sizes and dendrites), and one sample was indented in both the skin and core region of the die-casting. It was determined that the Hall-Petch equation is applicable for predicting the initial yield point and the flow stress at several levels of plastic strain only in the skin region, and not the core region, of the die-casting. The Hall-Petch slope and intercept stress, determined from spherical indentation in the skin region, compare accurately with previously published results. Possible reasons for indentation results from the core region deviating from the Hall-Petch relationship are discussed. The Hall-Petch slope follows a linearly increasing relation with the square root of plastic strain; however, no conclusions can be drawn concerning this because of the small range of plastic strain tested.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded wrought ZK21 magnesium alloy

The as-rolled ZK21 magnesium alloy sheets of 2 mm in thickness were successfully joined by laser welding. The effects of the welding parameters including the laser power and the welding speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. A sound bead, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 289 MPa and up to 94% of the base metal, was obtained with the optimized welding parameters. The fusion zone (FZ) was characteristic of equiaxed dendritic grains of about 15 μm in size and fine Mg₂Zn₃ precipitates dispersed among the dendritic arms. Besides, a few columnar grains grew from the fusion boundary epitaxially. The fine grains in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were ascribed to recrystallization.     

Corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded AZ80, AZ61, and AM60 magnesium alloys in distilled water

Rotary bending fatigue tests were conducted in laboratory air and distilled water using three extruded magnesium (Mg) alloys AZ80, AZ61, and AM60 with different chemical compositions. In laboratory air, the fatigue strengths at high stress levels were similar in all alloys because cracks initiated at Al-Mg intermetallic compounds, whereas AZ80 with the largest Al content exhibited the highest fatigue strength at low stress levels, which was attributed to the crack initiation due to cyclic slip deformation in the matrix microstructure. In distilled water, fatigue strengths were considerably decreased due to the formation of corrosion pits in all alloys, and the difference of fatigue strength at low stress levels among the alloys disappeared, indicating that the addition of Al that improved the fatigue strength in laboratory air was detrimental to corrosion fatigue. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 141–145, January–February, 2008.     

Effects of nano-SiC particles on the FSSW welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The microstructure of nano-SiC enhancing friction stir spot welding (FSSW) joint with dwell time of 3?s was characterised by an onion ring structure which consisted of alternate SiC-free zones and SiC-rich zones where SiC particles refined the grains. However, onion ring structure disappeared and SiC particles dispersed homogeneously when dwell time was 5?s. The microhardness of stir zone (SZ) and tensile shear load of SiC enhancing FSSW joint were higher than those of conventional FSSW joints. After heat treatment at 200°C for an hour, grains of the SZ grew substantially and coursed reduction in mechanical properties of joints, while grain size of SZ and tensile shear load of SiC enhancing joint was invariant but the microhardness of SZ increased.     

High cycle fatigue behavior of as-extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy

Tensile and high cycle fatigue properties of hot extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy have been investigated, in comparison to that of hot-extruded plus T5 heat-treated ZK60 magnesium alloy which was named as ZK60-T5. High cycle fatigue tests were carried out at a stress rate (R) of −1 and a frequency of 100 Hz using hour-glass-shaped round specimens with a gage diameter of 5.8 mm. The results show that tensile strength greatly improved and elongation is also slightly enhanced after T5 heat treatment, and the fatigue strength (at 10⁷ cycles) of ZK60 magnesium alloy increases from 140 to 150 MPa after T5 heat treatment, i.e., the improvement of 7% in fatigue strength has been achieved. Results of microstructure observation suggest that improvement of mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy is due to precipitation strengthening phase and texture strengthening by T5 heat treatment. In addition, fatigue crack initiations of ZK60 and ZK60-T5 magnesium alloys were observed to occur from the specimen surface and crack propagation was characterized by striation-like features coupled with secondary cracks.