含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳酯的合成和性能

以新二酸4-[4-(4-羧基苯氧基)苯基]-2-(4-羧基苯基)二氮杂萘-1-酮(1)和4种商品二酚进行溶液缩聚反应,制备出一系列古杂萘联苯结构新型聚芳酯,其特性粘度在0．50-0．58 dL·g-1之间．以FT-IR．1H-NMR证明了聚合物的结构．该类聚芳醇的玻璃化转变温度在209-272℃之间,在N2气氛下10％的热失重温度在468-481℃之间．聚芳本具有无定型结构,可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),间甲酚,吡啶和氯仿(CHCls)中．扭曲和非共平面的结构存在使该系列聚芳酯既耐高温又具有良好的溶解性能．     

杂萘联苯结构可交联聚芳醚腈的合成与表征

以4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ)、4-(3-烯丙基-4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(allyl-DHPZ)和2,6-二氟苯腈(DFBN)为单体,采用芳香亲核取代法,通过改变单体的物质的量配比,合成了系列可溶解可交联的聚芳醚腈(PAENs)。通过核磁共振测试证明了所合成的单体以及聚合物的结构,凝胶渗透色谱仪测定了聚合物的相对分子质量(珚Mw为45130~58403),红外光谱和差示扫描量热仪分析了聚合物的热交联反应过程。所合成的聚芳醚腈在室温时可溶于氯仿、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺和甲基吡咯烷酮等极性有机溶剂,交联后的聚合物不溶于任何有机溶剂(凝胶含量最高达到98.6%),具有良好的热稳定性能(1%热失重为450℃)。     

含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构聚芳醚酮的研究

以4-（4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮与1-氯-4-（4-氯苯甲酰基）萘单体经亲核取代反应,合成了含二氮杂萘酮和萘结构的聚芳醚酮。用FT-IR、∧1H-NMR、DSC、TG、WAXD等方法对聚合物进行了表征,研究了聚合物的溶解性能。结果表明,该聚芳醚酮是一种耐热等级高的可溶性无定形聚合物。     

含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构聚芳醚的合成及表征

以氯苯、α-氯代萘、氯磺酸、二氯亚砜为原料,合成了4-氯-1-萘磺酰氯,经Frield-Craft磺酰基化反应,合成了含两个1,4-萘结构的4-氯-1-(4′-氯-1-萘磺酰基)萘(CCNSN)。CCNSN分别与双酚A、酚酞、对苯二酚及4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮经溶液亲核取代逐步聚合反应,合成了4种含1-(萘-1-磺酰基)萘结构的聚芳醚(Pa~Pd)。用NMR、FT-IR对单体和聚合物进行了表征,证明其结构正确;用DSC、TGA和WAXD等方法对聚合物的热性能及结晶性进行了表征,结果表明,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在226℃~318℃之间,氮气环境下,5%热失重的起始温度均在450℃以上,说明具有良好的热稳定性;考察了聚合物的溶解性能,除Pc不溶于常见的有机溶剂外,Pa、Pb、Pd皆可溶于氯仿(CHCl3)、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷(TCE)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)等非质子极性溶剂。     

新型杂环氯代聚芳醚的合成与性能

以自制的新型氯代类双酚化合物4-(3-氯-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（OC-HPPZ）为单体,分别与4,4/-二氟二苯酮、4,4/-二氯二苯砚和1,4-双-（4-氯代苯甲酰基）苯进行缩聚反应,合成了一类新型的具有较高分子质量的聚芳醚材料。利用FTIR、1H NMR等分析手段研究了类双酚化合物OC-HPPZ及其聚合物的结构;采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热重分析仪（TGA）研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,新型聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚酮酮具有优异的耐热性能和热稳定性能,其玻璃化转变温度为234～287℃,在氮气氛中5%热失重温度均高于420℃,新型氯代聚芳醚在氯仿、N、N-二甲基乙酰胺等极性有机溶剂中可溶解并浇铸得到透明、韧性的薄膜。     

新型可溶性聚芳醚腈酮的合成及其在绝缘漆领域的应用

以4种含杂萘联苯结构的类双酚单体分别与2,6-二氯苯腈、4,4-二氟酮进行亲核缩聚反应,制备了一系列新型含杂萘联苯结构的聚芳醚腈酮树脂.研究了不同类双酚单体结构对聚合物性能的影响.所制备聚合物均具有较高的分子量,特性粘度在0.50dL/g以上,可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc),氯仿等极性非质子型有机溶剂中.聚合物的结构以FT-IR进行表征;利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热性能,结果表明,该类聚芳醚腈酮树脂具有优异的耐热性能,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)在255～277℃之间,10%热失重温度(Td)在498℃以上.由该系列聚芳醚腈酮材料制成的绝缘漆具有良好的电绝缘性能,较高的机械强度,良好的柔韧性和附着力.     

含氮杂环结构溶致液晶聚芳酰胺的合成和性能

将二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮和对苯二胺与对苯二甲酰氯进行低温溶液缩聚反应并改变两种二胺的比例,制备出一系列共聚酰胺树脂.结果表明,共聚酰胺树脂的特性粘度为1.76-3.29 dL/g;随着主链中二氮杂萘酮结构比例的增加,聚合物的溶解性逐渐得到改善;该类聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转化温度(312～351 ℃);在氮气气氛中10%热失重温度为513～534 ℃;聚合物呈现无定型的状态,并且可以在浓硫酸、N-甲基吡咯烷酮/氯化锂、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/氯化锂中呈现溶致液晶织构.     

甲基取代杂萘联苯型聚芳醚的合成、表征及性能

以自制的新型甲基取代类双酚 4 - ( 3-甲基 - 4 -羟基苯基 ) - 2 - 3-二氮杂萘 - 1-酮 ( OM- HPPZ)为单体与4 ,4′-二氟二苯酮、4 ,4′-二氯二苯砜进行亲核缩聚反应 ,制得了一类新型甲基取代聚芳醚酮、聚芳醚砜及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮树脂。在适宜的聚合条件下 ,获得了高分子量的聚合物 ,聚醚酮的特性粘度可达0 .70× 10 2 m L/ g;通过调节砜酮比例 ( S/ K)可获得不同分子量、不同玻璃化温度的共聚物 ( PPESK)。利用 DSC、TGA研究了聚合物的耐热性能 ,结果表明 ,新型聚芳醚玻璃化温度高 ( 2 5 2℃～ 2 90℃ ) ,耐热稳定性好 ( 5 %热失重温度高于 4 16℃ ) ,在氯仿、DMAc等极性有机溶剂中可溶解成膜 ,以 FT- IR和 1H-NMR研究了类双酚单体 OM- HPPZ和聚合物的结构 ,证明与设计结构完全一致     

含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构高性能工程塑料研究进展

介绍了含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚砜酮、聚芳醚腈砜酮以及同时还含芳基均三嗪环结构聚芳醚三大系列新型高性能工程塑料的合成与性能及其在高性能树脂基复合材料、绝缘漆、漆包线、功能涂料以及耐高温功能膜等领域的研究进展。从分子结构设计出发,研制成功具有扭曲、非平面结构特点的含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构新型单体,进而与双卤单体经亲核取代逐步聚合反应合成了多系列含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构新型聚芳醚类高性能工程塑料,既耐高温又可溶解,解决了传统高性能工程塑料不能兼具耐高温可溶解的技术难题。其玻璃化转变温度达250～375℃,5%热失重起始温度均高于500℃;可溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺以及氯仿等几种有机溶剂;综合性能优异,尤其是在高温下依然保持优异的综合性能;可多种方式加工,不仅可采用模压、挤出、注射等热成型加工,还可采用溶液方式加工应用;广泛应用于航空航天、核能、电子电气等高技术领域和国民经济众多行业部门。     

含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜的合成与性能

文中以含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构化合物4,4’-双(氧基(1,4-苯撑))-双二氮杂萘-1(2H)酮-二苯醚(OBDHPZ)为类双酚单体,与4,4’-二氟二苯砜(DFS)和2,6’-二氟苯腈(DFBN)进行高温溶液缩聚反应,通过调节聚合物分子主链中砜基和氰基等的含量,合成了一系列不同腈砜比的含醚键双二氮杂萘酮联苯结构聚芳醚腈砜树脂(PBPENS),其N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液在25℃的特性黏度为0.63～0.90 dL/g。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射仪表征了所合成聚芳醚腈砜的结构;通过差示扫描量热仪和热失重分析仪分析了该类聚芳醚腈砜的热性能,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)在322～325℃,5%热失重温度(T_d5%)在485～500℃。该类聚合物在常温时可溶解于NMP、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、氯仿等极性非质子有机溶剂;采用溶液浇筑法制备了含醚键双二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚腈砜薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度可以达到56～65 MPa。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.