邻近直流导线时交流电晕电流脉冲特性试验

本文搭建交直流并行线路电晕放电试验平台,研究邻近直流电压时交流单点电晕放电下的电晕电流脉冲特性。并对交流电晕电流脉冲的分布模式、重复频率以及波形等特征参数进行统计分析。试验结果表明,邻近的正极性直流电压会促进交流负半周电晕放电而抑制交流正半周电晕放电,邻近的负极性直流电压作用正好相反。直流电压对交流负半周电晕电流脉冲波形参数无明显影响,而正半周电晕电流脉冲的幅值会随负极性直流电压的增加有所升高。同时发现,随着交流电压幅值的升高,促使其正半周发生电晕放电所需要的负极性直流电压幅值也相应地升高,并基于电晕放电的发展过程中电离强度的计算提出种子电子的缺失是造成该现象的原因。最后,在电晕放电离子云模型基础上,提出脉冲序列发展的过程中电离区域电场强度恒定不变的假设,从而对邻近直流电压影响下的交流电晕电流脉冲波形参数特性给出了合理的解释。     

Control of corona characteristics with third electrode and biasvoltage

A novel corona control system consisting of a point-to-plate air gap with a cylindrical third electrode has been proposed. Negative and positive coronas from a point-to-plate air gap with a cylindrical third electrode set up close to the corona point of the needle have been investigated with emphasis on the role of the cylindrical third electrode, the bias voltage amplitude and polarity. It was found that the point-to-plate air gap with the cylindrical third electrode had a negative resistance characteristic on its I-V characteristic for negative polarity discharge, which is very different from the same electrode system without the third electrode. Discharge characteristics of the needle point, such as the corona onset voltage and the corona activity, could be controlled by adjusting the field intensity of the corona point by changing the corona point height from the third electrode and varying the bias voltage amplitude and polarity of the third electrode     

交直流同塔三回输电线路地面电场的预测分析

基于有限元和有限体积法的混合方法,合理地考虑了直流电晕放电和交流电晕放电之间的相互影响,解决了交直流同塔输电线路地面电场的分布计算问题。通过小尺寸模型的实验了验证计算方法的有效性。针对一回800kV直流输电线路和两回500 kV交流输电线路同塔架设的实际情况,计算了不同运行方式下的地面电场的直流分量、交流分量和离子流密度的分布情况。计算结果表明,由于交流输电线路的电晕放电,地面电场直流分量和离子流密度会有所降低。同时,地面交、直流电场均随线路高度的升高而降低,但是工频电场的变化程度比直流电场要大。     

Effective Ozone Generation With a Wire–Wire-Type Nonthermal Plasma Reactor With a Slit Barrier

The corona discharge and ozone generation characteristics of a wire–wire-type nonthermal plasma reactor (PR), with a slit dielectric barrier, have been experimentally investigated. When a slit mica barrier is installed between corona wires, a significant increase in the generation of ozone could be obtained. From the photographs of the corona discharges, this type of nonthermal PR with a slit barrier (SB) produces two corona discharges, one from the corona wires and another from the slits of the SB. This second corona discharge is caused by the rapid relaxing of the charges, which are migrated from the corona wire and stored on the surface of the barrier, through the slits. As a result, the proposed nonthermal PR has the potential to significantly increase ozone production, and it may be useful as an effective means for removing pollutant gases.      

超特高压交流输电线路电晕对地面电场的影响

为研究超特高压交流输电线路电晕放电对地面电场的影响,改进了基于模拟电荷法的交流线路下离子流场计算方法,并将其应用在交流线路下地面电场的计算中。所提出的改进方法考虑了导线表面电场不均匀性对电晕放电的影响,从而可对多相多分裂导线离子流场进行仿真计算。对三相8分裂1000kV交流线路的地面电场的计算结果表明,对典型1000kV三相交流输电线路参数,考虑电晕时的地面电场比不考虑电晕时增加约5%。子导线半径、分裂间距、分裂根数、相间距、线路高度等线路参数变化时电晕对地面电场有不同程度的影响。     

典型缺陷的直流局部放电波形测量与特性分析

为深入了解直流局部放电特性,在直流下分别测量了气隙、表面和电晕放电模型的局部放电,比较3种模型的放电脉冲波形和直流电压施加不同阶段的放电情况,并从放电机理角度分析了直流电压施加不同阶段局部放电特性的差异。结果表明,3种放电模型的直流局部放电能量分布频段多<10 MHz,放电脉冲波形与频谱分析图存在区别,可以此分辨3种放电类型。气隙放电模型在直流电压移除后,因空间电荷作用,绝缘介质中存在较强的内电场会引起较多的反极性放电;而表面放电模型与电晕放电模型在直流电压移除后无此现象。     

Experimental studies of free conducting wire particle behavior between nonparallel plane electrodes with AC voltages in air

When a spherical conducting particle exists in an electrode system where electrical gradient force acts along the electrode surface, the particle tends to move towards the high field region. The possibility of appearance of this phenomenon is experimentally investigated with wire particles, which can easily produce the corona discharge on their ends resulting the action of a reactive force on the particle by a corona wind. The results show that a hovering particle travels deeper into the high electric field regions regardless of the corona discharge. Moreover, it is found that wire particle with corona discharge hovers near the negative electrode under DC voltage in atmospheric air due to different characteristics of corona discharge by the polarity. But under the AC voltage, the particle hovers near the bottom electrode only and invades in the high field region deeper than under the DC voltage.     

Understanding discharges initiated by water droplet on epoxy nanocomposites under DC voltages adopting UHF technique

Corona inception voltage due to a water droplet on epoxy resin in an electrode gap is high under DC voltage compared to AC voltage. It is observed that, as the contact angle of the epoxy nanocomposite material becomes higher, the corona discharge inception voltage increases. The droplet movement is observed, using a high‐speed camera, on application of the voltage. It is seen that a droplet moves toward the ground electrode under an AC or a negative DC voltage, whereas it moves toward the high‐voltage electrode under a positive DC voltage. It is also observed that carbonization occurs near the ground electrode under AC and negative DC voltages, and near the high‐voltage electrode under a positive DC voltage. During the evaporation of the water droplet (during arcing) on the surface of the insulating material under AC and DC voltages, carbonization of material occurs and is high both in pure epoxy resin and in nanocomposites with 5 wt% epoxy clay. The magnitude of the arcing current is nearly the same irrespective of the percentage of clay in the epoxy nanocomposites. The magnitude of discharge current flow is high under negative DC voltage compared to positive DC/AC voltages. The rise time of injected current pulses, at the time of corona inception and during arcing, under AC/DC voltages, is a few nanoseconds. Ultrahigh‐frequency signals were emitted as a result of the corona discharge from the water droplet on epoxy nanocomposites and at the time of arcing between the droplets and the electrodes, both under AC and DC voltages, with its dominant frequency in the range 1–2 GHz. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Positive Creeping Discharge along Aerial Insulated Wire Generated by Lightning Stroke

There are two causes, inductive lightning surge and direct lightning stroke, as the aerial insulated wire accidents accompanying lightning in a power distribution system. When the overvoltage due to the inductive lightning surge invades to the wire core, the creeping discharge can develop along the wire surface from the free end of the binding wire just after a flashover of the post insulator at the wire supporting point. This creeping discharge may give rise to the accidents such as a melting or snapping of the wire. The creeping discharge along the wire surface has the positive or negative polarity. Positive creeping discharge is restricted to the area where a positive lightning generates. Only a few examples have been reported on the positive creeping discharge, and its characteristic has many unsolved points. In the previous studies, we have observed the positive creeping discharges along the wire surface under the negative inductive lightning surge with the peak values in the range |V_m| ≤80 kV. In this study, the positive creeping discharges are examined newly in the range |V_m| > 80 kV. It is reported that the positive creeping discharges are greatly affected by the negative corona discharges generating from the wire surface in |V_m| ≥ 95 kV.     

磁增强电晕放电及其对颗粒荷电的研究

介绍磁增强电晕放电的特性及其对颗粒荷电的性能.在负电晕放电中,磁场可提高极间自由电子的能量,增加带电粒子的浓度,增大放电电流.在放电极雾化负电晕放电中,磁场可显著提高微小颗粒的凝并效能.采用永久磁铁形成放电极附近较强的非均匀磁场,比均匀磁场对负电晕放电有更好的增强效果.     

An EHD Gas Pump Utilizing a Wet Porous Point Electrode

A point-to-mesh type electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas pump, utilizing a wet porous point electrode, has been proposed, and the effect of the wet porous point electrode on the gas flow velocity and flow generation yield of the EHD gas pump was investigated. The wet porous point is used as a corona discharge electrode, and the mesh is used as an ion collecting electrode. It was observed that the EHD gas pump with the wet porous point electrode can generate a higher gas flow velocity and flow generation yield than the same design EHD gas pump with a non-porous metal point electrode. As a result with the wet porous electrode, a peak gas flow velocity of V_W=2.54, 2.74, and 1.93 m/s has been obtained for positive, negative, and ac corona discharges. This is 1.95, 1.31, and 1.30 times higher than the velocity V_W =1.30, 2.09, and 1.49 m/s measured with the same design EHD gas pump and a non-porous) metal point electrode. At 0.1 W of input corona power for dc and ac powers, the flow generation yields of Y=13.88, 12.80, and 11.70 m/s/W were obtained with the wet porous point electrode for the positive, negative, and ac corona discharges, which are 1.23, 1.24, and 1.15 times higher as compared with those of the metal point electrode with Y=11.32, 10.29, and 10.20 m/s/W, respectively. These enhancements may be due to the elevated input corona powers and the water particles generated from the wet porous point electrode.     

Automated system for power measurement in the silent discharge

With the increased interest in improving the conversion efficiency of silent discharges for ozone generation, there is a need for an accurate and convenient technique to measure the power consumed in this process. Normally, the power consumption of an AC silent discharge is measured by using a wattmeter on the low-voltage side of the input transformer. However, this measurement includes the transformer losses, which generally are nonlinear and may account for a significant proportion of the total power loss. Alternatively, the power loss in the silent discharge alone may be calculated by means of results obtained from the oscillograms of the charge-versus-voltage (q-v trace) method or by sampling the discharge current and high-voltage signals. However, the measuring accuracy of these methods is limited, and they are not convenient to use in practice. This paper presents a versatile, automated system for power measurement in an AC silent discharge. The system combines high-accuracy A/D data acquisition technology with the q-v trace method. Experimental results and analysis are presented to show the improved accuracy, speed of response and convenience over conventional measuring methods. The method discussed here is applicable to power measurement in similar discharges, such as AC corona discharges, etc     

<<控制电缆耐受过电压特性试验>>

对几种典型控制电缆在工频、直流及雷电冲击过电压下的耐压特性进行了试验研究,结果表明：电缆末端沿面闪络电压随沿面距离的增大呈饱和趋势;电缆头部处理的好坏,对整个电缆的耐压水平有较大影响;屏蔽层对芯线的绝缘水平是控制电缆绝缘中最薄弱环节,在30s以内可耐受工频交流18kV以上,正极性直流45kV以上,负极性雷电冲击40kV以上。工程中应控制地网的允许地电位升高在其耐受范围之内。     

超高压交流变电站金具电晕特性与选型研究

为消除电晕放电造成的能量损耗和电磁干扰,对不同种类金具的电晕特性以及不同电压等级下金具选型进行研究。利用紫外成像仪对几座超高压交流变电站的电晕放电现象进行观测,找出易发生电晕放电的金具;对此金具结构建立三维有限元仿真模型,计算在施加500 kV和750 kV电压等级下,不同尺寸金具表面电场强度分布情况,并针对场强较大的结构进行优化设计。研究结果表明,随着均压环、屏蔽环管径和屏蔽球球径的增大,其表面电场强度逐渐减小;结合金具表面起晕场强控制限值,给出了500 kV和750 kV电压等级下,耐张绝缘子串屏蔽环、V型绝缘子串均压环以及导线屏蔽球的尺寸选型。     

The effect of corona wire heating on the downstream ozoneconcentration profiles in an air-cleaning wire-duct electrostaticprecipitator

The effect of corona wire heating on the downstream ozone concentration profiles in an air-cleaning wire-duct electrostatic precipitator was studied experimentally. The results show that ozone concentration profiles depend significantly on the applied voltage and polarity. Significant ozone concentrations were only observed in a narrow region downstream of the corona wire for positive coronas. For the corona wire surface temperature profile measurements made using a real-time IR thermoimage processing system, it was observed that the heat generated by corona discharge alone only increased the surface temperature of the corona wire by a few degrees centigrade. Ozone generated by corona discharges can be significantly decreased by the external heating of the corona wire     

直流和交流电压下典型缺陷模型局部放电波形比较分析

在直流电压和工频交流电压下分别测量了3种典型放电模型的局部放电波形,并对放电脉冲波形进行快速傅立叶变化处理得到频谱分析图。通过比较3种放电模型在两种电压条件下的放电波形,发现对于同种放电模型在两种电压条件下的放电脉冲波形均很相似,且放电能量频率分布范围相同。但在相同的电压条件下,3种放电模型的放电波形形状与频谱分析谱图存在区别,在相同的检测系统中,可以通过比较波形区分3种典型放电。     

Partial discharge study in transformer oil due to particle movement under DC voltage using the UHF technique

Converter transformers are one of the key components in high voltage DC power networks. The insulation of these transformers is stressed by both AC and DC voltages. Therefore, AC and DC voltage tests are routinely applied during factory tests to verify the performance of the insulation structure. Partial discharges in an insulation system are incipient discharges that can damage materials and may eventually lead to complete failure of the insulation system during operation. Recently it has been shown that monitoring such discharges formed under AC stress is feasible using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) measurement technique and that there is a reasonable correlation between the partial discharge magnitude and the amplitude of the UHF signal generated by partial discharges. However, the partial discharge activity under DC voltages is not fully understood. This paper describes a study using the UHF technique to improve our understanding of particle-induced partial discharge activity under DC voltages in mineral oil insulation. UHF signals generated due to conducting particle contamination in transformer oil under AC and DC voltages are compared and analyzed. A method for distinguishing particle discharges in regions of high or low electric field stress is proposed based on frequency-domain analysis of the measured UHF signal.     

Performance evaluation of nonthermal plasma reactors for NO oxidation in diesel engine exhaust gas treatment

The discharge plasma-chemical hybrid process for NO/sub x/ removal from the flue gas emissions is an extremely effective and economical approach in comparison with the conventional selective catalytic reduction system. In this paper we bring out a relative comparison of several discharge plasma reactors from the point of NO removal efficiency. The reactors were either energized by AC or by repetitive pulses. Ferroelectric pellets were used to study the effect of pellet assisted discharges on gas cleaning. Diesel engine exhaust, at different loads, is used to approximately simulate the flue gas composition. Investigations were carried out at room temperature with respect to the variation of reaction products against the discharge power. Main emphasis is laid on the oxidation of NO to NO/sub 2/, without reducing NO/sub x/ concentration (i.e., minimum reaction byproducts), with least power consumption. The produced NO/sub 2/ will be totally converted to N/sub 2/ and Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ using Na/sub 2/SO/sub 3/. The AC packed-bed reactor and pelletless pulsed corona reactor showed better performance, with minimum reaction products for a given power, when the NO concentration was low (/spl sim/100 ppm). When the engine load exceeds 50% (NO>300 ppm) there was not much decrease in NO reduction and more or less all the reactors performed equally. The total operating cost of the plasma-chemical hybrid system becomes $4010/ton of NO, which is 1/3-1/5 of the conventional selective catalytic process.     

静态模拟气固两相体起晕和击穿的实验研究

研究了非均匀电场中的静态模拟气固两相体放电的击穿、起晕特性及固相物介电常数、占空比、放电间隙、电压极性和种类对击穿电压与起晕电压的影响。结果表明:实验范围内,正极性大占空比时,随放电间隙的增加,两相体的起晕电压逐渐低于空气的起晕电压。正极性和交流电压下,两相体的击穿电压比空气高。     

紫外成像法在变电站电晕放电检测中的应用研究

电晕是变电站内十分普遍的一种放电现象,也是高压设备可能存在缺陷或故障的征兆信号。采用"日盲"型紫外成像仪在不同的气象环境下对多座500 kV变电站进行了现场检测,发现了部分设备的电晕放电现象。对上述放电现象进行了分类,并对放电原因进行了分析,结合实验室的研究和现场测试,提出了结合设备的放电位置、放电强弱、放电形态、放电机理并结合气象因素进行放电评估的综合分析方法,实际应用证明了该方法的有效性。