卫生陶瓷激光补釉用填料的研究展望

本文阐述了卫生陶瓷激光补釉用填料的研究情况;分析了激光局部成釉技术对填料的要求;讨论了为了适应激光局部成釉技术及修复的要求,修复卫生陶瓷表面缺陷所使用的填缝料及釉料的特点、性能要求、加工工艺及研究趋势。     

静电喷釉技术及其在卫生陶瓷生产中的应用

生产高档卫生陶瓷，要使产品使用功能良好，造型美观，除此以外，企业还必须考虑产品釉面这个非常重要的因素，即釉面要光亮、和谐、颜色均一，无明显的釉面缺陷如缺釉、缩釉、釉缕、釉面波纹不平等。要达到这些目标，国内外同行除从改善釉配方着手以外，对喷釉方法也进行了许多探索。静电喷釉就是近年来在卫生陶瓷生产中出现的一种新的喷釉方法。     

卫生陶瓷用生科铬锡红釉的研究

采用XRD,系统地研究了铬锡红色料和铬锡红釉的矿物组成及对其性能的影响;采用激光颗粒分析仪研究了铬锡红色料的颗粒分布;采用三角坐标设计法,确定了基础釉的组成;采用视觉比较法和分光光度法研究了基釉组成对釉呈色的影响;最后,对坯釉适应性和烧成制度作了初步探讨。     

一种低温高光泽艺术陶瓷装饰用大红釉的研制

使用低温含铅透明釉为基础釉，选用适宜的包裹红色料，研制成功一种艺术瓷用高光泽大红釉，并探讨了不同因素对大红釉呈色的影响。     

低温两次烧高档大红釉的研制试验

本文使用高档瓷素烧坯,以无铅熔块釉为基础釉,以国产包裹红色料为着色物质,采用两次烧成工艺,成功研制出无铅镉溶出、适合高档瓷装饰的低温大红釉。同时,研究了釉料组成、烧成制度等因素对大红釉发色的影响。     

荧光釉的研制及其机理探讨

本文在一定的工艺条件下,制备出对荧光粉无侵蚀作用的低温透明釉,进而研制出釉面光滑、余辉时间长达两小时以上的荧光釉.根据能带理论,能级跃迁,施主受主能级的产生、敏化激活作用等理论阐明了掺杂稀土离子Er~(3 )和Gd~(3 )的ZnS:Cu,Cl荧光粉发光机理和呈色效果.利用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD),红外光谱(IR)等现代测试技术研究了荧光粉、基础釉和荧光釉的组成和结构.     

陶瓷色料及其应用技术(二)

２色料的应用技术 在透明釉及乳浊釉料中加入适量的色料即可得到颜色釉。色料在建筑卫生陶瓷中的应用主要是用来配制各种类型的颜色釉,因此色料的应用技术即是颜色釉的配制技术。２．１建筑卫生陶瓷颜色釉的调合２．１．１红色系统色料 铬锡红：铬锡红色料在釉中一般呈现深沉的紫红色调。若需得到鲜艳明快的深红色调,则要求基础釉中：含较高的ＰｂO、ＣａO,但若ＣａO含量过高易使釉面失透甚至无光;不含ＭｇO,因为Ｍｇ２＋会使锡红色料的晶格分解,从而使釉面产生白斑或失透;低Ｋ_2O、Ｎａ_２Ｏ、Ｂ_２O_３含量,这三种成分过多则易…     

包裹红色料在无铅熔块釉中的发色研究

对国内外8种主要的包裹红色料,对比了它们在中低温无铅釉中的发色情况。结果表明：国产包裹红色料质量远高于国外同类产品;不同厂家的包裹红色料质量差异较大;基础釉组成和烧成温度对包裹红色料的发色影响最大。     

低温快烧建筑卫生陶瓷低碳经济下的正确选择

介绍了在低碳经济的大环境下,我国建筑卫生陶瓷的发展方向和出路,提出了低温快烧是建筑卫生陶瓷低碳经济下正确的选择,对我国建筑卫生陶瓷低温快烧历史、成绩与现状作了综述,并且详细介绍了低温快烧的原料和配和对乳浊釉和窑炉提出具体要求。     

低温快烧建筑卫生陶瓷低碳经济下的正确选择

介绍了在低碳经济的大环境下,我国建筑卫生陶瓷的发展方向和出路,提出了低温快烧是建筑卫生陶瓷低碳经济下正确的选择,对我国建筑卫生陶瓷低温快烧历史、成绩与现状作了综述,并且详细介绍了低温快烧的原料和配和对乳浊釉和窑炉提出具体要求。     

Calcareous fillers and the compressive strength of portland cement

The effect of two calcareous fillers (ground limestone and reagent quality CaCO₃) on the compressive strength of Portland cement, was studied and compared with the corresponding effect of two pozzolanic fillers (ground scoria and Rhine trass) and one non-calcareous, non-hydraulic filler (reagent quality CaF₂). It was concluded that fillers affect strength through their accelerating effect on the cement hydration. This effect was found to be essentially the same for all the fillers studied irrespective of their specific chemical composition. It was also concluded that the formation of calcium carboaluminate, if it took place when calcareous fillers were involved, did not necessarily affect the cement compressive strength. Further tests are being carried out to show that the use of fillers is, indeed, associated with an increased rate of hydration.     

粉体材料在涂料中的应用技术Ⅰ

涂料用颜填料、粉体助剂和纳米材料统称粉体材料。本文重点介绍不同结构及性能的颜填料组合后的复配改性技术和协同增效技术,有效地提升涂料配方设计水平和涂料产品应用效能,为科学合理地选择颜填料提出了指导性的可操作方法。     

单组份聚氨酯弹性密封胶的研究

本文是单组份湿固化聚醚型聚酯密封胶的合成与研究。该胶由二官能度和三官能度聚醚与ＴＤＩ反应制成预聚体后再加入多种填料和催化剂制成。讨论了ＴＤＩ用量,反应温度,聚醚的组成及填料对该胶的影响。     

Investigation of the Influence of Fillers on the Properties of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesives

The properties of poly(vinyl acetate) compositions prepared as potential wood adhesives were investigated. The paper presents the results of the influence of various kinds of inorganic fillers based on calcium carbonate and alumino-silicate and an organic filler, starch, on the adhesive composition properties. The comparison among rheological behavior of the adhesive dispersions concerning the specific role of fillers were made. Mechanical and relaxation properties of the adhesive films could reveal the effect of filler characteristics on the polymer matrix. The significant influences of particle size distribution and specific surface area on the poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive composition were determined, along with other filler characteristics.     

Investigation of the Influence of Fillers on the Properties of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesives

The properties of poly(vinyl acetate) compositions prepared as potential wood adhesives were investigated. The paper presents the results of the influence of various kinds of inorganic fillers based on calcium carbonate and alumino-silicate and an organic filler, starch, on the adhesive composition properties. The comparison among rheological behavior of the adhesive dispersions concerning the specific role of fillers were made. Mechanical and relaxation properties of the adhesive films could reveal the effect of filler characteristics on the polymer matrix. The significant influences of particle size distribution and specific surface area on the poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive composition were determined, along with other filler characteristics.     

Hybrid mathematical modeling and multi-objective optimization of mechanical properties of green composites based on starch and modified rice straw fillers

A hybrid mathematical modeling/optimization approach based on the response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function (DF) capabilities was applied here to imitate and optimize the mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch-based biocomposites. In order to prepare the biodegradable and renewable biocomposites, rice straw (RS) was chemically modified to obtain more effective sustainable reinforcing fillers for starch, having semi-thermoset and core-shell structures. A combination of different RS products was used in the biocomposites and the composition of RS-based fillers was chosen as control variable. A series of experiments, by using RSM, were designed to assess the effects of filler loading and composition on the Young modulus, tensile strength, ultimate strain, and absorbed energy of the biocomposites. The best-fitting regression functions were identified via RSM statistical analysis and transformed into DF to optimize the desired responses concurrently. The findings demonstrate that the starch/RS product biocomposites with optimum elastic modulus (339.3 MPa), tensile strength (9.8 MPa), elongation at break (13.8%), and absorbed energy (1831.2 kJ/m²) were obtained by incorporating RS-based fillers with both semi-thermoset and core-shell structures in combination with each other at loadings of 13.5 and 6.5 phr, respectively.     

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and skin depth of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/particulate nano‐carbon filler composites: prediction of electrical conductivity and percolation threshold

The addition of various particulate nano‐carbon (PNC) fillers to heat‐resistant poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was carried out to prepare conductive composites for use in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding application. Three different PNC fillers, namely N472 (Vulcan XC‐72), N550 (Fast Extruding Furnace) and N774 (Semi‐Reinforcing Furnace), were used in various concentrations to prepare composite systems PVDF/N472, PVDF/N550 and PVDF/N774 by solution casting followed by a moulding technique. These PNC fillers have a particle size at the nanometre level, but they have an aggregating tendency; both these characteristics influence the properties of composites to which such fillers are added. The percolation threshold of the PVDF/PNC composites was theoretically determined using the sigmoidal Boltzmann model and classical theory and compared. Theoretical models were also used to predict composition‐dependent electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity is correlated to that of EMI shielding effectiveness at ambient temperature. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

厌氧氨氧化包埋填料处理稀土尾矿废水的中试脱氮和优化

针对稀土尾矿废水的成分复杂和低化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)的水质条件,采用厌氧氨氧化包埋填料进行处理。首先进行了厌氧氨氧化包埋填料的适应和驯化,然后分别探究了厌氧氨氧化包埋填料单独处理稀土尾矿废水和耦合反硝化包埋填料处理稀土尾矿废水的脱氮性能。结果表明,厌氧氨氧化包埋填料对稀土尾矿废水有良好的适应性,采用阶梯式底物和缩短水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)的运行策略进行适应和驯化后,总氮去除负荷(nitrogen removal load rate,NRR)最高可达0.99kg N/(m³·d),较适应和驯化前提高了8.39倍。高通量测序结果表明,厌氧氨氧化优势菌属(Candidatus Kuenenia)的相对丰度从5.53%上升至35.67%,实现了有效富集,而适应和驯化前的优势菌属(Candidatus Brocadia)不适应环境被淘汰。面对原水氨氮浓度波动时,厌氧氨氧化包埋填料单独处理稀土尾矿废水的NRR最高可达1.02kg N/(m³·d),出水氨氮的平均浓...     

Vitreous fillers in intumescent coatings

The introduction of vitreous fillers in some intumescent coatings compositions proved to be useful both in improvement of thermal insulation and durability of char under fire and in smoke emission characteristics. In this paper a comprehensive experimental study is presented showing results for solvent-borne, 2K epoxy and water-borne intumescent paints.

Blends of vitreous fillers with different melting temperatures, between 350°C and 850°C, have been tested together with refractory fillers (with melting temperatures between 1100°C and 1350°C). Lead free vitreous fillers with very low melting temperatures (from 350°C to 550°C) and with low water solubility were developed. Different types of paints have been prepared by adding different amounts of vitreous fillers. These compositions were then fire tested after application on steel plates. The effect of vitreous fillers on fire performance and stabilization of char (by means of encapsulation, with or without self-extinguishing additives) has been studied. The fillers’ effect on smoke emission under fire was also examined both in terms of optical density and toxicity index.

A special attention was focused on water-borne intumescent paints modified with vitreous fillers of different solubility and melting temperature. Residual solubility of the vitreous fillers, which appeared as a very important parameter for paint stability, has been assessed. Vitreous fillers releasing alkaline ions in such an amount to give a conductivity higher than 500 μS cm, make the intumescent paint composition unstable.     

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber Composites Comprising Conductive Carbon Black/Magnetite Hybrid Fillers Obtained by Impregnation Technology

Hybrid fillers have been prepared of conductive carbon black/magnetite at various ratios of the phases: 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50. The fillers have been characterized and their effect on the curing, mechanical, electric, and dynamic properties of natural rubber–based vulcanizates has been also investigated. The macrohomogeneity of the composites has been evaluated by ohmic resistivity measurements and correlation analysis. It has been established that all properties studied are dependent on the ratio between the filler’s phases. Viewing their composition, we conclude that the hybrid fillers are expected to exhibit both high dielectric and magnetic losses and may find application in the manufacturing of microwave absorbers.