A/O-MBR处理聚苯硫醚生产废水试验研究

采用A/O一体式膜生物反应器处理高含量、难降解的聚苯硫醚(PPS)生产废水。结果表明,处理PPS废水原水时,系统COD去除率受到一定程度的影响,平均去除率为91%,氨氮去除率较差;而处理PPS废水处理站厌氧出水时较稳定,出水COD小于69mg/L,平均为27mg/L,平均去除率为97%;出水TN受m(COD)/m(TN)的影响,去除率在38%～55%内;出水pH在7.59～7.92,SS的质量浓度<5 mg/L,色度为16倍。系统处理的PPS厌氧出水可达到PPS生产回用水要求,膜组合清洗能够有效的恢复膜通量。研究结果可为PPS生产废水有效处理并回用提供了新思路。     

膜蒸馏法处理甲醇水溶液的研究

采用自制中空纤维膜蒸馏组件对含甲醇水溶液进行膜蒸馏处理研究 ,考察了影响甲醇通量的因素。如料液温度、浓度、流速 ,以及载液流速等。找到了最佳的工作条件。在料液温度 45℃ ,载液温度 2 0℃ ,两侧流速为 1 1 .5 m L/min的条件下 ,膜通量约为 0 .45× 1 0 -3kg/m2· h。浓度高达1 0 mg/m L的甲醇水溶液经处理后可降至 0 .0 3mg/m L以下。     

陶瓷微滤膜处理含油废水的工艺研究

用陶瓷微滤膜处理含油废水 ,研究了操作压差、膜面流速、温度、料液浓度等操作条件对膜通量的影响 ,确定了合适的操作条件。在此操作条件下 ,膜的稳定通量为 2 5 0L/ (m2 ·h) ,处理后油质量浓度 <10mg/L ,完全达到排放要求     

好氧管式膜生物反应器处理高含盐有机废水的研究

采用好氧管式膜生物反应器处理不同含盐浓度的有机废水 ,研究结果表明 (1)进水COD浓度在 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD在 179～ 2 2 3mg/L之间 ,COD平均去除率在 89.5 %以上 ;(2 )MBR处理高盐度有机废水耐冲击负荷的能力较强 ,出水水质稳定 ;(3)当膜的TMP =0 .1MPa,盐度为 1.0 %、1.5 %、2 .0 %时 ,管式膜的稳定运行通量分别为30、2 4、2 1L/ (m2 ·h) ,整个运行过程中没有进行膜清洗     

纳滤法处理含氟废水工艺条件的研究

采用Dow FilmTec公司的NF-90纳滤膜处理模拟含氟废水,主要考察了压力、pH、流量、温度、氟离子初始浓度等对膜渗透通量和氟离子截留率的影响。结果表明:压力升高,膜渗透通量增大,氟离子截留率先增大后减小;pH对膜渗透通量无明显影响,氟离子截留率随pH的升高而增大;流量升高膜渗透通量和氟离子截留率略有增大;温度升高,膜渗透通量增大,氟离子截留率降低;氟离子初始浓度增大,膜渗透通量减小,氟离子截留率降低。在压力1.0 MPa、pH 10.01、流量30 L/h、温度20℃的条件下NF-90膜截留率可达到95%;当处理氟浓度小于100 mg/L,出水氟浓度可达到国家工业一级排放标准。     

一体式膜生物反应器作为反渗透预处理技术的试验研究

为给某企业的反渗透系统提供稳定的优质进水,采用一体式膜生物反应器对某城市污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理中试试验。研究结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为7～15 mg/L时,色度为20～50度,浊度为0.70～3.57 NTU,膜通量10.0～13.75 L/(m2.h)、跨膜压差0.019～0.038 MPa、曝气量20 m3/h、制水时间40min、停机时间3 min、HRT 3.6～5.0 h条件下,MBR系统出水COD质量浓度小于10 mg/L,色度小于30度,浊度小于1 NTU,SDI15小于3,满足反渗透系统进水水质要求;MBR系统出水水质稳定,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力。另外,探讨了MBR系统的跨膜压差与膜通量之间的关系。     

箱体型正压式平板负离子抗菌陶瓷膜MBR在城市新鲜垃圾渗滤液处理应用实例

山东某垃圾焚烧厂中产生的新鲜垃圾渗滤液有机物和氨氮浓度高,同时含有多种重金属,属于难处理的废水。本工程采用气浮预处理+两级UASB+A/O+平板式MBR膜过滤+后续深度处理(纳滤+反渗透)工艺。厌氧处理阶段采用投加零价铁来提高处理效果。MBR工艺采用箱体型正压式优化结构,比传统的浸没式结构能提高膜通量和优化操作。MBR膜采用能抑菌杀菌的负离子抗菌平板陶瓷膜,具有膜通量大,缓解膜污染能力强的特点。工程运行表明,出水水质低于≤生活垃圾卫生填埋场污染控制标准≥(GB 16889-2008)表3中的标准要求,即COD≤60 mg/L,BOD₅≤20 mg/L,ρ(氨氮)≤8 mg/L,ρ(总氮)≤20 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤2.0 mg/L等。工程投资总成本500万左右。吨水成本将核算后为14.9元。     

MBR工艺处理啤酒废水的工程应用

根据啤酒废水的特点,考察了采用膜生物反应器(MBR)技术深度处理啤酒废水过程中的水质指标与设备运行参数,并对污泥浓度进行测定,从而对污泥负荷以及膜污染状况进行研究,工程运行结果表明:在进水CODCr642～1626mg/L、NH4+-N15～35mg/L、TP0.6～14mg/L、TN19.5～41.1mg/L情况下,MBR产水CODCr50mg/L、NH4+-N5mg/L、TP0.3mg/L、TN2.3mg/L。水质达到国家景观用水标准(GB/T18921—2002);好氧池DO控制在2～4mg/L,可有效提高氨氮的去除率;适当调整排泥量,使膜池污泥质量浓度维持在6～8g/L可缓解膜污染速度。     

基于序批式MBR-RO的焦化废水深度处理研究

以实际焦化废水为研究对象,考察了序批式MBR-RO复合系统对该类废水污染物的处理效果。结果表明,序批式MBR-RO系统可成功应用于焦化废水常规预处理后的直接处理,COD去除率稳定在93%以上,反渗透出水COD平均为28.7 mg/L;TN去除率稳定在96%以上,反渗透出水TN平均质量浓度为4.53 mg/L。对于废水中酚类和氰化物的有毒污染物,MBR-RO系统出水质量浓度分别为0.24 mg/L和0.02 mg/L,反渗透浓缩倍数分别达到3.85倍和4.53倍,实现了该类有害物质的浓缩回收。此外,实验以膜的临界通量作为连续运行的初始条件,在连续60 d的运行过程中,MBR比膜通量损失65.3%,RO比膜通量损失73.2%。     

活性氧化铝吸附-超滤组合工艺除氟的实验研究

试验旨在为设计一套农村小型集中式或分散式除氟供水设备提供参考。采用了活性氧化铝吸附-超滤组合除氟工艺进行地下水除氟的试验,研究了该系统原水的pH、回流量、膜通量对于除氟效果和膜污染情况的影响。结果表明,在恒流条件下,原水氟浓度2 mg/L,反冲周期6 h,反冲时间2 min,反冲强度150 mL/min,投加粒径200～300目的活性氧化铝0.2 g/L,保持原水pH=6.5左右,膜通量=45 L/m~2·h,沉淀池与反应池间的回流比=0.5,能使该系统的出水氟浓度1.2 mg/L,总铝含量0.1 mg/L,浊度0.05,并且能有效地缓解膜污染,使反应器长期运行。     

强化混凝对超滤处理碎煤加压气化废水生化出水试验研究

研究了碎煤加压气化废水生化出水经不同药剂的强化混凝预处理后出水的超滤膜通量变化规律。结果表明,初始膜通量随着混凝药剂投加量的增大而增大,在PFC投加量为150 mg/L时,初始膜通量为纯水通量的80.4%,原水未经混凝预处理时初始通量仅为纯水通量62.5%,经过长期运行,强化混凝后水样超滤通量衰减趋势减缓。不同预处理条件下受污染的超滤膜经简单碱洗(NaOH,浓度10 mmol/L)-酸洗(HCl,浓度10 mmol/L)浸泡后,通量恢复效果不同,处理原水、PFC(150 mg/L)、PAC(150 mg/L)的超滤膜初始通量恢复率分别为79.4%、84.1%、85.1%。     

DK纳滤膜处理高钙废水试验研究

针对石灰乳中和沉淀法处理含重金属酸性废水后的高钙废水,采用美国DK2540纳滤膜,在XYJMP-2540卷式膜中试设备中进行了纳滤膜除钙实验研究,考察了料液浓度、操作压力和温度对膜分离性能的影响,并进行了优化条件下的除钙实验。结果表明,对于钙质量浓度为928 mg/L的高钙废水,当产水率为46.5%时,废水中的钙质量浓度可降低到23 mg/L以下,膜平均通量为1.244 L/(min.m2)。     

味精中段废水处理的研究

采用石灰乳中和并沉淀味精废水中的硫酸盐.试验结果表明,CaO的最佳添加量约为20 g·L-1废水,SO42-的浓度可以从8000 mg·L-1降到450 mg·L-1,去除率可达90 %.     

Treatments of stainless steel wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrate using reverse osmosis and nanomembranes

A nanomembrane (NTR 729HF) and three different types of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes (CPA2, LFC1, and ESPA1) were tested for the treatment of high concentration of nitrate wastewater from stainless steel industry. All the tested RO membranes showed higher rejection rates (90–99% at 1000–60 mg/L of NO₃⁻ -N) than the NF membrane. The rejection rate and flux of RO membranes were not highly affected by pH variation and Ca²⁺ as co-existing ion. However, the rejection rate of NF, which was 67% at 60 mg/L of feed concentration, was decreased as pH decreased and Ca²⁺ concentration increased indicating that charge repulsion is one of the major rejection mechanisms. As nitrate concentration increased from 20 to 1000 mg/L in feed water, the removal rate decreased from 67 to 20% in NF membrane. The flux of RO was relatively high and ESPA1 (a low-pressure RO type) showed more than two times higher flux compared to the NF. ESPA1 was successfully tested for a longterm experiment with real stainless steel wastewater for 30 days of experimental period. Current study implicates that RO membranes could be an alternative for the treatment of stainless steel wastewater.     

Cross-Flow Microfiltration of Industrial Oily Wastewater: Experimental and Theoretical Consideration

Microfiltration of industrial oily wastewater was performed using polyamide membrane. A rectangular cross flow membrane cell was used for the experiments. Effects of different operating parameters such as transmembrane pressure drop and Reynolds numbers on the steady state permeate flux and oil rejection was investigated in detail. Initial oil concentration in the industrial oil-water emulsion was found to be 192 mg/L with average oil droplet range size 0.01 to 47 µm. The treated industrial oily water was characterized in terms of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). It was observed that the steady state permeate flux increased with transmembrane pressure drop and Reynolds numbers. The oil concentration in permeate was found to be around 4.5 mg/L, after treatment, which was lower than the permissible discharge limit. The results showed that microfiltration was an efficient and ecologically suited technology for the treatment of industrial oily wastewater. The cross flow velocity was considered in both laminar and turbulent regimes. A model was proposed by combining of Brownian diffusion and shear-induced diffusion to predict the steady state permeate flux data at different Reynolds numbers and different transmembrane pressure drops.     

减压膜蒸馏法处理苯胺废液研究

采用减压膜蒸馏法处理模拟的苯胺废液,考察了料液的温度、pH、流量和冷侧真空度对处理效果的影响。结果表明,装置运行的优化条件是:料液的pH为9,温度为35℃,体积流量为20 mL/min,冷侧真空度为95 kPa,在此条件下,应用减压膜蒸馏法处理苯胺质量浓度为400mg/L的废液,去除率可达98%以上,膜通量可达到39.71 g/(m.2h),处理后废液苯胺的质量浓度可降至4.82 mg/L,可满足GB 8978-1996三级排放要求。     

浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器处理乳品有机废水的研究

采用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SABMR)处理乳品有机废水,通过研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)对处理效果的影响确定了最佳的HRT为2 d。并在最佳的HRT条件下,研究微生物和SAMBR对COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的去除效果、反应器内和出水的pH和VFA浓度的变化、沼气的产量、运行前后污泥粒径的变化、膜污染的原因和膜通量的恢复措施及效果。结果表明:在进水COD_(Cr)浓度不超过2 500 mg/L,微生物和SAMBR对COD_(Cr)的去除率分别达到38.6%和80.2%以上;进水BOD_5浓度不超过1 500 mg/L时,微生物和SAMBR对BOD_5的去除率分别达到79.2%和96.6%以上;反应器内和出水pH分别稳定在7.0和7.3左右;反应器内和出水VFA浓度分别稳定在500 mg/L和200 mg/L以下;甲烷气的产量与被除去COD_(Cr)成线形关系,被除去COD_(Cr)量增加,甲烷气的产量相应的增加,甲烷气的体积占总沼气体积的60%左右;系统运行49d后污泥出现明显颗粒化;膜污染主要是由膜表面吸附的有机物和胶体物质以及无机盐在膜表面的结垢作用引起的,物理清洗和化学清洗对膜通量的恢复分别达到60%和85%左右。     

A comparative study of tertiary membrane filtration of industrial wastewater treated in a granular and a flocculent sludge SBR

Membrane fouling has been identified by many researchers as an inconvenience for the industrial application of membranes in wastewater treatment plants. Membrane fouling decreases permeability and therefore permeates flow, increasing costs. Although fouling is the result of complex phenomena not completely known, it can be said that fouling takes place by the presence of three different kinds of compounds in the water: suspended solids, colloids and solutes. In this sense, the characteristics of the suspended solid aggregates might be an important aspect in order to diminish the impact of suspended solids on membrane fouling. The main objective of this study was to compare the operation of two similar tertiary membrane filtration units treating the effluent of two different SBRs, respectively: A granular sludge SBR (GSBR) and a membrane flocculent sludge SBR system, at laboratory scale. Two PVDF microfiltration membrane modules were used for tertiary filtration of the effluent treated in the SBRs. Both reactors were used for treating the wastewater generated in a factory of the fish freezing sector. COD of the wastewater was between 700 and 1100 mg/L, total nitrogen concentration was between 110 and 180 mg N/L and total phosphorus ranged around 110 mg P/L. The chemical characteristics of both permeates were similar. Moreover, the presence of either granules or flocs in the tertiary membrane filtration systems did not have an appreciable impact on the membrane filtration. Nevertheless, it was observed that the operation of the membrane on the flocculent system tends to be more instable, showing a major tendency to achieve critical flux.     

集成膜技术深度回用处理精对苯二甲酸废水研究

近两年来,膜法回用石化废水备受重视,利用集成膜技术对炼油和乙烯化工废水进行深度回用处理,目前已有相对成熟的经验,但集成膜技术用于精细化工产品精对苯二甲酸废水回用处理的研究尚少。在试验基本工况为超滤系统采用全量过滤方式,运行周期30min,内压式超滤运行通量不大于75L/(m2.h),超滤系统前加入絮凝剂PAC(投加量为5mg/L),低污染反渗透膜运行通量不大于19L/(m2.h),试验中系统回收率为70%,反渗透进水的COD含量小于40mg/L的条件下,精对苯二甲酸达标废水深度回用处理稳定运行,产水水质稳定可靠。