Autonomous time synchronization among radio ports in wirelesspersonal communications

In digital wireless access communications systems, a large number of radio ports are deployed to provide wide-area coverage. Achieving time synchronization among ports is beneficial to these systems, especially for systems providing access to the infrastructure networks such as local exchange networks. This leads to better cochannel interference management and easier control for automatic link transfer. This paper describes a practical “over-the-air” algorithm which is autonomously performed by individual ports and hierarchically controlled by the ports having the most reliable timing. This process involves only small overhead for demodulating special timing bits transmitted by other ports and adjusting timing accordingly. Computer simulations based on a time division multiple access (TDMA) system with port spacing of 2000-3000 feet and 500 kb/s transmission rate are used as an example to evaluate possible impacts on wireless access     

Access algorithm for packetized wireless transmission in thepresence of cochannel interference

Packetized access has some potential advantages over conventional circuit-switched-based access methods because several signal sources can share the same radio channel using statistical multiplexing. We consider radio resource assignment algorithms for packetized access based on the packet-reservation multiple-access (PRMA) protocol in the presence of cochannel interference. The statistical multiplexing gain of packet access is limited by frequency reuse, especially when the reuse factor is low or duality requirement is high. We propose a fuzzy logic-based adaptive medium-access control (MAC) algorithm to improve packet-access efficiency. Computer simulations based on the example of packetized voice have confirmed that the proposed packet-access protocol can support a higher number of active users per radio port than that supported by random slot assignment     

Channel assignment problem in cellular systems: a new model and atabu search algorithm

The channel assignment in cellular systems has the task of planning the reuse of available frequencies in a spectrum efficient way. A classical approach to frequency assignment problems, when applied to the frequency planning of cellular networks, does not enable this task to be performed in an efficient way, since it does not consider the cumulative effect of interferers. We propose a new model for the channel assignment problem in narrow-band cellular networks, which accounts for the cumulative effect of interferers. In this model, the service area is partitioned into regions and the propagation characteristics are assigned by means of the levels received in each region by the considered base stations (BSs). The objective is to maximize the sum of traffic loads offered by regions in which the ratio between the received power and the sum of powers received from interfering transmissions is above a threshold value. We also present an algorithm, based on tabu search (TS) techniques, to solve this problem. This algorithm has been tested on some instances obtained by using a simple radio channel model and on a real world instance     

Module Matching Schemes for Input-Queued Clos-Network Packet Switches

Current schemes for configuration of input-queued three-stage Clos-network (IQC) switches involve port matching and path routing assignment, in that order. The implementation of a scheduler capable of matching thousands of ports in large-size switches is complex. To decrease the scheduler complexity for such switches (e.g., 1024 ports or more), we propose a configuration scheme for IQC switches that hierarchizes the matching process. In a practical scenario our scheme performs routing first and port matching thereafter. This approach reduces the scheduler size and the configuration complexity of IQC switches. We show that the switching performance of the proposed approach using weight-based and weightless selection schemes is high under uniform and nonuniform traffic     

A pilot-based dynamic channel assignment scheme for wireless access TDMA/FDMA systems

We propose a control architecture for implementing a dynamic channel assignment (DCA) algorithm which optimizes two-way channel quality in a TDMA portable radio system. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the performance of this DCA method. A common control frequency, which is frame-synchronized among base stations, provides (1) beacons for portables to locate base stations and obtain DCA information, (2) broadcast channels for system and alerting information, and (3) pilot signals to permit portables to evaluate downlink interference. This allows low-complexity radio ports and portables to mutually select channels to avoid interference and avoid creating excessive interference. Results from computer simulations demonstrate the good spectrum efficiency of this method and its potential for handling nonuniform traffic demand. This work is targeted toward understanding the implications to local exchange networks of wireless system alternatives that could provide access to those networks.A preliminary work with the same title was presented at the Second International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, October 12–15, 1993, Ottawa, Canada.     

Prioritized channel assignment in a cellular radio network

Dimensioning procedures for prioritized channel assignment in a cellular radio network are considered. Under the cutoff priority discipline, the prioritized channel assignment procedures for a single cell and multicell system are formulated as nonlinear discrete capacity allocation problems. Exact incremental algorithms which efficiently solve the proposed problems are devised. They are based on the properties of the blocking probabilities of new calls and handoff calls. Given the number of available frequency channels together with the arrival rates and the grade of service (GOS) for both types of calls in each cell, algorithm SP1 generates an optimal channel assignment which ensures priority for handoff calls. Given the arrival rates and distinct GOSs for new and handoff calls, algorithm SP2 finds the minimum number of channels required in each cell. Algorithm MP extends algorithm SP1 to a multicell system and provides the prioritized channel assignment for all calls in the system. The algorithms are very fast and are appropriate for the fair allocation of frequency channels among cells     

LTE系统中一种改进的天线端口数检测算法

在长期演进( LTE)系统中，发送天线端口数通过循环冗余校验掩码的方式隐含于物理广播信道( PBCH)中，终端在解读PBCH信道获取主信息块( MIB)的同时，需要正确检测PBCH采用的发送天线端口数。传统的检测方法尝试分别用1、2、4等3种发射天线数进行PBCH译码，直至正确译码为止，译码复杂度非常高。基于此，提出一种改进的天线端口数估计算法，提取各天线端口传输的小区参考信号序列做相关，通过相关值与相关系数门限值的比较直接快速获取基站的实际天线端口数。仿真结果表明：该算法相较于传统检测算法和功率检测算法在时间复杂度上分别提升了4个数量级和3倍；在信噪比高于0 dB时，所提检测算法较功率检测算法有4~6 dB的增益。     

Computer prediction of field strength in the planning of radio systems

The application of a method of predicting the field strengths from mobile radio base station transmitters and in radio links is presented, and the extension of the method to facilitate frequency assignment is outlined. The topographic data for a country are stored in a computer and programs are provided which predict the signal levels produced by a specific transmitter at points spaced 0.5 km apart. A further program enables a plotter to be used to derive signal level contours which can be overlaid on a map. The field strength prediction method is proving valuable in the siting of VHF base stations, in the reduction of field testing required for mobile systems, and in the study of possible areas of cochannel interference. It has also been extended to effect path calculations for point-to-point radio links. An extension of the cochannel interference study in which channel assignments are made by a logical procedure so as to maintain co-channel interference below some chosen level while making the minimum demands on the spectrum is outlined. The method described has potential applications in national frequency planning.     

W 波段单平衡混频器的设计

本文设计并制作了一种微带形式W 波段单平衡混频器。该混频器采用微带环形电桥结构,射频和本振信号分别从环形电桥的隔离端口由标准波导BJ-900 输入,经对脊鳍线微带波导过渡输入到微带电路,中频信号通过跳线方式连接并通过一段高阻抗线引出到输出口。该电路使用两只DMK2790 肖特基二极管制作在介电常数为2.2,厚度为0.127mm 的RT/Duriod5880 基片上,在固定本振94.5GHz,射频90GHz 到98GHz 范围内,变频损耗小于14.5dB。     

基于改进遗传算法的通信电台频率指配问题研究

在分析目前通信电台频率指配现状的基础上,提出了一种基于遗传算法的通信电台频率指配方法,并对算法进行了改进,仿真验证了此法解决战场通信电台频率指配问题的实时性和高效性。     

Port reduction methods for scattering matrix measurement of ann-port network

The port reduction method (PRM) is a method to acquire the scattering matrix of an n-port network from the scattering matrix measured at a reduced port order by terminating certain ports. This then relaxes the instrumentation requirement and calibration procedure. As the port order is reduced to two, the scattering matrix of an n-port network can be obtained from the measurement using a conventional two-port vector network analyzer. In this paper, we describe two novel PRMs, which can reduce the order of measured ports to two. The experimental results show good accuracy. These two PRMs can provide a simpler calibration procedure and instrumentation than those directly using an n-port network analyzer. In addition, they give more accurate results than those measured by a two-port network analyzer with the assumption of using ideal terminators     

An antenna impedance measuring system for the medium-wave with interference signal suppression function

An impedance analyzer or the Schering bridge is usually used for measurement of the medium-wave antenna impedance. However it has been said to be impossible to measure the exact antenna impedance under a high-intensity electric field environment generated by such as a neighboring radio station, especially with the same operating frequency because an undesired large signal is induced at the antenna input port. We propose a new measurement method and an instrument using a double synchronized detection, which has a function to suppress undesired signals efficiently. Here a double synchronous detecting technique is introduced to suppress the undesired signal with the same frequency as a measurement frequency. This system makes it possible to easily measure the antenna impedance with higher accuracy even under such an environment and also is useful for periodical maintenance of the transmitting antenna without interruption of broadcasting services in the daytime.     

基于RF技术的口岸虚拟闸口系统的设计与实现

口岸电子闸口系统的建设与应用有利于出入境车辆的快速导引通关,有利于口岸监管部门对进出口商品实行全面监控,是实现口岸电子化管理的重要组成部分。由于出入境口岸环境的复杂性,口岸电子闸口相对于传统的物流管理等应用来说,存在着特有的技术难点。在深入研究无线网络通讯与射频识别技术的基础上,结合陆路口岸的具体特点,设计并实现出一个真实可用的口岸虚拟闸口系统。     

Spectrum sensing and communication functionalities verification in cognitive radio

This paper is intended to discuss hardware setup implementation for realizing the spectrum sensing and communication functionalities of a five‐port integrated ultrawideband and narrowband antenna system. The five‐port integrated antenna system consists of one ultrawideband antenna and four narrowband antennas. The ultrawideband antenna is used for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, whereas the four narrowband antennas are used for communication. In order to validate functionalities of the antennas, their spectrum sensing and communication performance is verified using an arbitrary waveform generator, real‐time signal analyzer, and Universal Software Radio Peripheral. The ultrawideband antenna is able to sense the various frequencies transmitted by the arbitrary waveform generator. These transmitted signals from the arbitrary waveform generator are treated as busy spectrum channels in the cognitive radio environment. The narrowband antennas are able to perform communication by transmitting the signals at identified spectrum holes. The sensed signals are observed on a real‐time signal analyzer, and the communication signals are viewed in LabVIEW software for which a real‐time signal reception algorithm is used. This signal reception is performed using Universal Software Radio Peripheral.     

Full-wave analysis of a new microstrip-to-waveguide interconnectconfiguration

This paper presents a new interconnect configuration between microstripline and rectangular waveguide that yields a transition from one microstripline port to two waveguide ports. Most current transitions employ only one waveguide port. Electromagnetic coupling takes place through a slot in the narrow wall of the rectangular waveguide that coincides with a slot in the ground plane of the dielectric slab. Introduction of an E-plane waveguide fin yields additional control over the insertion loss level. The numerical method employed in the analysis, which makes use of Green's function expressions in a moment-method solution, is also described and numerical details are presented. Measured results verify the accuracy of the numerical model and illustrate that it is possible to obtain insertion loss levels of 0.25 dB with this configuration. Design data and a sensitivity analysis presented here further characterize the interconnect     

Performance limitations of TDD wireless personal communications with asynchronous radio ports

A wireless personal communications system, based on a TDMA architecture, using asynchronous ports (radio base stations) and the TDD (time division duplexing) method is evaluated using computer simulations. It is shown that, without port synchronisation TDD methods cannot achieve the uplink quality obtainable by the FDD (frequency division duplexing) method.<>     

Protection-against-collision optical packet network

An optically transparent packet network controlled by a simple medium access circuit is presented. The system, based on frequency division multiplexing and tunable transmitters, has no internal blocking and is optically self-routing. It provides internal collision-free traffic by allowing access to the network only if the addressed channel (output port) is available. A packet denied access to the network is reflected back to its input port, which is thus informed of the packet status. Therefore, the traffic is not bogged down by acknowledgments between input and output ports. To achieve this result, each input of the network is controlled by a protection-against-collision (PAC) circuit located at a central hub. The PAC circuit uses the packet for probing the energy present in the addressed channel. The resulting signal controls an optical switch connecting the input port to the network. Thus, full optical connectivity is provided between ports controlled by electrical signals derived from simple optical power measurements     

Theoretical studies of a simulcast digital radio paging system using a carrier frequency offset strategy

In a multistation simulcast digital radio paging system, each base station transmits the same RF signal simultaneously with the resulting efficient frequency utilization and simplified receiver design. In this system a paging receiver in the overlapping area receives several RF signals transmitted from different base stations. When frequency-shift keying (FSK) is used as a modulation method, experimental test results have already shown that the timing of each RF signal should be synchronized as closely as possible, but that the carrier frequency of each transmitter should be set following a certain offset assignment. The signal transmission performance in a multipath fading environment can then be markedly improved. The cause of this improvement effect is theoretically analyzed. It is clarified that the improvement effect is caused by transforming the probability distribution of time-averaged signal power.     

基于DSP和PowerPC的开放式伺服控制系统设计

设计了一种基于DSP和PowerPC的开放式伺服控制系统,该系统主要采用TMS320C6713微控制器实现通信及控制算法的运算。硬件部分介绍了双端口RAM电路、电源电路及复位电路,并提出了PowerPC端和DSP端基于双端口RAM芯片进行通信的方法。软件部分每400 us进行一次伺服采样运算并通过PID调节进行误差补偿。通过实验对PID算法部分进行参数整定及误差分析,结果证明,该伺服运动控制系统可达到良好的控制精度。     

Optimal radio channel assignment through a new binary dynamic simulated annealing algorithm

The radio channel assignment problem (CAP) is classified as an NP-complete binary optimization problem, which creates the need for faster, yet optimal optimization algorithms to reduce the time of computation when solving such a complex problem. Simulated annealing (SA), a powerful optimal combinatorial search algorithm, was found to be very suitable for CAP. This paper extends the standard capabilities of SA and proposes a new CAP-oriented, quicker binary SA, the binary dynamic SA (BDSA) algorithm, as part of a newly proposed radio channel assignment approach. Simulation results proved that the proposed BDSA has very fast convergence as a stand-alone algorithm and even faster convergence with the newly proposed radio channel assignment approach. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.