Robust optimal output voltage tracking algorithm for interleaved N-phase DC/DC boost converter with performance recovery property

This article suggests a cascade output voltage regulation algorithm for an N-phase interleaved DC/DC boost converter based on reference dynamics. The proposed algorithm has two advantages. The first is to guarantee the performance recovery property using the reference dynamics in the presence of a model-plant mismatch, and the second is to present a systematic procedure determining the stabilising control gains by solving an optimisation problem. The closed-loop performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations and experiments using a 3-kW four-phase interleaved DC/DC boost converter where the proposed method is compared with the feedback linearising method.     

直流微网母线电压纹波集中补偿自寻优策略

为抑制直流微网母线电压二次纹波,文中提出了一种直流有源滤波器集中补偿自寻优策略。在双向DC/DC变换器电压/电流双闭环控制的基础上,加入直流母线电压纹波控制,通过引入带通滤波器消除了传统控制方法中采用低通滤波器提取纹波时所产生的相位滞后问题。采用迭代自寻优方法获取重要控制参数阻抗系数K,实现直流有源滤波器对直流母线电压纹波变化的实时跟踪和集中补偿。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了含互联接口变流器、分布式电源、直流负荷、由DC/AC变流器接入的交流负荷以及直流有源滤波器的直流微网模型,建立了相应的实验平台。仿真和实验结果均验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

Cascade controller with sliding-mode-voltage and current-mode for monolithic high frequency DC–DC converters

Modern control theories such as fuzzy control, sliding-mode control, optimal control, neural network control have been widely used in discrete-switching DC–DC converters, While they are seldom used in monolithic integration. Under parameter variation, large supply and load disturbance, high slew-rate current transient, high nonlinearity in today and future power management integrated circuits, linear control theories used in traditional monolithic DC–DC converters cannot satisfy required performance, which make it stringent to use modern control theories in monolithic DC–DC converters. This paper proposes cascade controller which consists of PWM based sliding-mode-voltage control and current-mode control for high frequency DC–DC converters. As long as the dynamic responses of the inner current loop are much faster than the outer sliding-mode-voltage loop, inner and outer loops operate in cascade-mode functionally. This work leads to an easy-to-follow design procedure to design control coefficients. To illustrate the feasibility of the scheme, a monolithic 100 MHz boost DC–DC converter using cascade controller with sliding-mode-voltage and current-mode is designed in SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS process. Several simulations are performed to validate the functionalities of the controller.     

一种DC/DC转换器的短路保护电路设计

针对负载短路会对DC/DC造成性能不稳定或损坏的情况,提出一种新型短路保护电路,有效地避免了传统电路在短路时大电流输出造成的能量浪费。该保护电路采用在负载短接时,通过改变电流限比较器输入端基准电压达到降低电路最大输出电流的措施。采用0.35 μm BCD工艺将该电路应用于一款高压同步BUCK型DC/DC转换器中,specter仿真结果表明,当负载短路时,该芯片的短路电流只有30 mA,与传统保护电路相比,降低了短路时的输出电流,达到节约能量的目的。     

一种新型交错并联同相降压升压DC/DC转换器

为了有效降低电流纹波和提高转换器效率,提出一种新型交错并联同相降压升压DC/DC转换器。提出的结构通过采用输入/输出（I/O）磁耦合交错并联和阻尼网络技术,降低了开关的电压应力、内部电压振荡和I/O电流纹波,并提升了转换器的效率。采用状态空间平均法,在连续导通模式下分析了提出转换器的稳态运行,从理论上证明了其优势。样机的功率设置为360W,输出电压为36 V,模拟结果以及实验结果显示,当输出电流为6A时,转换效率最高达到96%,最大输入电流纹波百分比仅为9.4%,相较于其他类似转换器,提出的转换器具有效率较高和I/O电流纹波较低的优势。     

基于8位微控制器的参数自调整模糊控制DC/DC变换器

提出了一种基于8位微控制器实现的用于控制DC／DC变换器输出电压的参数自调整模糊控制方法。用参数自调整的策略来优化常规模糊控制器，提高了DC／DC变换器的控制性能。实验结果表明，所提出的新控制方法不仅具有良好的控制性能，而且容易用成本较低的8位微处理器来实现。     

Robust control of the DC–DC boost converter based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator

In this paper, a robust non-linear controller based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) scheme is successfully developed and implemented for the output voltage regulation of the DC–DC boost converter. System uncertainties, external disturbances and unknown non-linear dynamics are lumped as a signal that is accurately estimated using a low-pass filter and their effects are cancelled by the controller. This methodology forms the basis of the UDE-based controller. A simple procedure is also developed that systematically determines the parameters of the controller to meet certain specifications. Using simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared against the sliding-mode control (SMC). Experimental tests also show that the proposed controller is robust to system uncertainties, large input and load perturbations.     

光伏组网单元直流侧蓄电池储能系统研究

采用了双向半桥Dc/Dc对光伏组网单元直流侧蓄电池进行充放电控制;简单说明了VSI逆变器的结构和原理:分析了双向DC/DC变换器电感电容的选取方法。通过搭建以蓄电池储能为核心的仿真模块,采用功率外环电流内环、电压外环电流内环这两种控制方式,分别在光照强度变化不大以及光照有大幅度跌落这两种情况下进行了仿真分析。仿真结果验证了这两种控制方法在稳定逆变器输出以及直流母线电压的有效性,也体现了功率外环电流内环控制的优越。     

基于单神经元PID控制的DC／DC变换器研究

DC／DC变换器是一种强非线性电路。电路的电气参数存在不确定性,负载性质也是多变的。主电路的性能必须满足负载大范围的变化,同时它还具有离散和变结构的特点,所有这些使DC／DC变换器控制器的设计较为复杂。由于传统的控制方法是基于线性系统理论,所以应用于DC／DC变换器中并不能获得理想的动态性能。文中针对DC／DC变换器的特点以及单神经元网络具有出色的知识抽取与学习能力及较强的控制鲁棒性。在现有的控制和建模方法的基础上,将神经网络控制策略引入DC／DC变换器,构造了一种基于单神经元的DC／DC变换器的新型控制方法。     

一种宽输入电压范围软开关电流型DC/DC转换器

针对太阳能光伏及燃料电池等领域电源需要较宽输入电压范围的需求,提出一种通用的具有较宽输入电压范围的软开关电流型DC/DC转换器。该转换器采用了固定频率混合调制设计,可以在所有工作条件下实现半导体器件的软开关工作,并采用电流馈电技术以便适用于低电压高电流的电源。相较于传统转换器,该转换器更为通用,能够实现零电压开关和零电流开关,并且能够在输入电压和负载变化出现较大变化时控制输出电压。实验结果显示,在20-60V输入电压范围内且负载出现变化时,该转换器均表现出良好的性能。     

双重化双向DC/DC变换器鲁棒反演滑模控制策略研究

摘要：由于双向DC/DC变换器在储能逆变系统中承担能量双向流动任务,因此,系统能量管理关键是对变换器控制策略进行有效选择。针对双闭环控制策略在双向DC/DC变换器动态性能、谐波抑制和抗干扰能力等方面的不足,提出了一种鲁棒反演滑模控制策略,建立了锂离子电池PNGV等效电路模型,搭建双重化双向DC/DC变换器主电路,最终利用实验平台对锂离子电池组在两种控制策略下的充放电情况进行对比分析,同时对鲁棒反演滑模控制策略下输入电压大幅扰动进行了研究。实验和仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性,在锂离子电池组充放电控制上鲁棒反演滑模控制策略相对于双闭环控制策略更具有优势,且该控制策略对于提高蓄电池的充放电效率具有普遍性。     

DC/DC变换器自适应模糊逻辑控制器设计

文章为DC/DC变换器设计了一种自适应模糊逻辑控制器（AFLC）。所提出的AFLC不需要专家系统提供决策参数和控制规则,而是使用模型数据文件来产生参数和规则,该模型数据文件包含输入输出对的整体概况。所提出的控制器使用8位微控制器来实现降压、升压和降压-升压变换器。     

无直流电压传感器的单相APFC变换器

文章对一种只检测交流输入电压而不需要检测输出直流电压的简化单相PFC变换器进行了理论分析和研究。在构建控制电路时,不需要常规PFC变换器中的输出电压传感器和输入电流传感器。PFC变换器的主电路为整流电路的直流侧接一级Boost电路。在控制电路中,使用电感L、等效负载电阻Rd等电路参数产生正弦电流波形基准,输出电压直接由控制量Kd(=Ed/Ea)来调节。通过控制,可以得到恒定的直流输出电压和与交流输入电压同相位的正弦电流波形。仿真结果证明了该变换器的可行性。     

Designing control loop for DC-to-DC converters loaded with unknown AC dynamics

This paper presents a method for designing the control loop for DC-to-DC power converters when uncertainties exist in the AC characteristics of the converter's load. In the proposed method, a converter is initially considered as a stand-alone module feeding a current sink load and the control loop of the converter is then designed in a way that maximizes the robustness of the converter's closed-loop performance against the unknown AC dynamics of a potential load. As a result, the proposed control design method can provide the predictable closed-loop performance for a converter when it is loaded with an actual load whose AC characteristics are unknown in advance.     

DC voltage sensorless single-phase PFC converter

We propose a simple DC voltage sensorless single phase PFC converter by detecting an AC line voltage waveform. Both DC voltage and AC current sensors used in the conventional PFC converter are not required to construct the control system. The conventional converter circuit with a boost chopper circuit in the DC side from a rectifier circuit is used as the main PFC converter circuit. In the control system, the circuit parameters such as a series inductance L and equivalent load resistance value R/sub d/ are used to generate the sinusoidal current waveform. The DC voltage is directly controlled by the command input signal k/sub d/(=E/sub d//E/sub a/) for the boost chopper circuit. The DC voltage regulation is small because of the feed forward control for the AC line voltage E/sub a/ and no dependence of the circuit parameters. The sinusoidal current waveform in phase with the AC line voltage can be obtained. The feasibility of the proposed control system is verified by some simulation and experimental results.     

Parallel processing inverter system

A novel method of instantaneous voltage and power balance control of a parallel processing inverter system is proposed. It consists of a high-speed switching PWM (pulsewidth modulated) inverter with an instantaneous current minor loop controller, a voltage major loop controller, and a power balance controller. This system realizes the following functions with only one inverter: constant AC output voltage control with reactive power control, active filtering to absorb load current harmonics, DC voltage and current control as AC-to-DC converter, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for stand-alone operation. This system covers a wide application range, including UPS systems, new energy systems, and active filters with voltage control functions     

A novel dynamic series compensator with closed-loop voltage and current mode control for voltage sag mitigation

The increased use of voltage-sensitive equipment in the industrial sector has made industrial processes more susceptible to supply voltage quality problems in the form of voltage sags. Series-connected voltage source converter (VSC)-based devices have been gaining popularity in protecting sensitive loads against voltage sags. This paper presents a novel transformerless dynamic series compensator (DSC) to mitigate long-duration voltage sags effectively. A line-side controllable rectifier connected to the proposed DSC maintains the dc-link voltage at a specific value while the DSC compensates voltage sags. The DSC is controlled by a closed-loop voltage and current mode controller which provides better damping and dynamic performance than that of in open-loop controller. The closed-loop controller consists of an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop derived from filter capacitor current. Performance of the proposed DSC is tested under varied voltage sag conditions, and simulated and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed DSC in mitigating long-duration voltage sags.     

一种面向单片DC/DC的低压高效片上电流检测技术

本文提出并实现了一种面向电流模式单片开关DC/DC转换器的低压高效片上电流采样电路.该电路利用功率管等效电阻电流检测技术和无需OP放大器的源极输入差分电压放大技术,使电路的应用范围可低达2.3V;-3dB带宽12MHz;在最大负载电流情况下的静态电流峰值仅19μA,比常规采用功率管镜像电流检测技术的静态电流峰值低1.5个量级左右.转换器基于0.5μm 2P3M Mixed Signal CMOS工艺设计制作.测试结果表明,电流检测电路的最大检测电流1.1A,转换器的输入最低电压2.3V,重负载转换效率高于93%.     

一种基于GaN器件大功率双向DC/DC变换器

本文介绍了一种新的高功率双向隔离式DC/DC变换器。DC/DC转换器使用基于氮化镓(GaN)的功率开关器件。本文对10 kW GaN大功率DC/DC变换器的拓扑结构进行了优化,参数化和分析,并通过仿真和验证了其有效性。它由两个单相全桥电路、两个输入输出电感和一个高频变压器组成。高频变压器在实现两个全桥变换器之间的电流隔离方面起着至关重要的作用。使用MATLAB仿真软件对10 kW的变换器进行了建模。MATLAB仿真结果验证了变换器的性能适合于高功率应用并能实现轻负载条件下的零电压开通(ZVS)和零电流关断(ZCS)。然后,设计了一个7 kW的实验原型,以验证所设计拓扑的有效性。     

Feedforward current control of boost single-phase PFC converters

This paper presents the theory and application of feedforward current control for boost single-phase ac-dc converters with power factor correction. The proposed feedforward signal involves the instantaneous line voltage and the derivative of the reference current. The new control method is compared to existing feedback and feedforward control methods and is shown to significantly reduce input current harmonic distortion, particularly for applications where the current loop crossover frequency is relatively low compared to the line frequency. Implementation of the proposed control using analog devices and the associated issues, such as performance sensitivity to parameter variation and uncertainties, are presented. Analysis results are complemented by numerical simulation and experimental results from a prototype converter. Targeted applications of the proposed method are airborne systems where the line frequency is high, as well as low-cost digital control for terrestrial 50-60-Hz systems where the current loop crossover frequency is limited by the speed of the digital controller.