非对称Doherty功率放大器的研究与设计

基于传统Doherty功放在实际应用中存在的某些缺陷,提出了一种可用于TD-SCDMA基站功放的非对称Doherty功放结构.输入端应用了不等功率功分器,且主功放和峰值功放的漏极偏压也不同.在一定程度上提高了功放的效率,增加了输出功率.     

Linearisation of RF PA by even-order nonlinear baseband signal processed in digital domain

This paper represents, for the first time, the linearisation method of RF power amplifiers, which is based on using the second- and fourth-order nonlinear signals shaped by digital signal processing in a baseband domain. The linearisation signals are generated by the second- and fourth-order nonlinear modifications of the baseband signal in the proposed manners. The composite second- and fourth-order linearisation signals modulate carrier second harmonics, and the modulated signals are then driven to the gate and drain of the amplifier transistor. The linearisation effects of the proposed method are evaluated on a single stage power amplifier for the simulated QAM and OFDM digitally modulated signals at diverse input power levels up to the 1 dB compression point. Moreover, the FPGA implementation of a system for the generation and processing of the fundamental signal, and the second-order linearisation signals is presented in the paper, and the proposed technique is verified for the generated QAM signal. In addition, the linearisation of the two-way asymmetrical Doherty amplifier is performed in the experiment by using software defined radio platforms for synthesising the fundamental signal and the second-order linearisation signals.     

基于ADS平台不对称Doherty功率放大器的仿真设计

为在高线性的前提下提高WCDMA基站系统中功率放大器的效率,仿真设计了一款工作于2.14 GHz频段不对称功率驱动的Doherty功率放大器。基于ADS平台,采用MRF6S21140H LDMOS晶体管,通过优化载波放大器和峰值放大器的栅极偏置电压改善三阶互调失真(IMD3),同时通过调节输入功率分配比例改善由于峰值放大器对载波放大器牵引不足导致的失配问题,从而改善不对称Doherty功率放大器的输出性能。仿真结果表明,当载波放大器的栅极偏置电压为2.84 V,峰值放大器的栅极偏置电压为0.85 V并且输入功率比例为1:2.3,输出功率为44 dBm时其功率附加效率(PAE)为24.21%,IMD3为-44.46 dBc,和传统AB类平衡功率放大器相比PAE提高了8.58%,IMD3改善了6.98 dBc。     

一种基于包络跟踪的宽带Doherty放大器设计

效率可重构宽带Doherty在实际应用中需要手动调节主功放的漏压和辅助功放的栅压,包络跟踪是解决此问题的有效方法。然而,包络跟踪设计比较复杂。为此,提出了线性映射的设计方法,设计实现了1.0~1.4 GHz包络跟踪宽带Doherty放大器,在10 dB大回退范围较固定偏压Doherty放大器效率提升了8%。同时,包络跟踪显著降低了手动调节偏压的人力和时间成本,仿真结果验证了设计的有效性。     

250W三路高功率Doherty放大器的设计

为了提高数字电视发射机的效率,采用一种新型的三路Doherty电路。基于传输线理论和有源负载牵引理论,推导出三路Doherty的工作原理,同时利用ADS设计一个双三路Doherty电路,并用于数字电视发射机。仿真结果表明,该放大器在功率回退9.1dB时,出现第一个效率峰值点,在整个回退范围内具有3个效率峰值点。实测结果表明,在610MHz中心频率和54dBm输出功率下,该放大器的效率可达41.2%。     

线性Doherty功放的优化设计

设计了一个高效率、高线性度的射频Doherty GSM基站功放。利用Doherty功放的载波放大器与峰值放大器之间的互调对消技术使Doherty功放的三阶互调干扰(IMD3)改善了11dBc;并通过相位补偿延迟线的前置处理进一步提高了功放的效率,使其效率比常用的平衡补偿线方案提高了4%左右。文中利用两个MRF9060功放管制作了一个GSM频段Doherty功放,其实测1dB压缩点功率(P1dB)达到了130W;双音测试表明:经过4.5dB的回退后三阶互调失真(IMD3)优于-35dBc,此时功率附加效率(PAE)高达47.3%;WCDMA 3GPP的测试结果表明:经过6dB回退后,其5MHz偏移量的邻道功率比(ACPR)优于-40.5dBc,PAE为43.5%,比AB类平衡功放的效率提高了17.8%。结果表明:该设计方案较好地解决了射频功放功率与效率之间的矛盾,适用于射频功放的设计。     

Impact of second harmonic injection on the linearity and linear gain of RF/microwave amplifiers

This article reviews the development and applications of harmonic injection technique. It discusses the impact of second harmonic injection on the linearity and linear gain of amplifiers. It reveals that amplifier characteristics and input drive level determine whether second harmonic injection enhances or reduces the linear gain of an amplifier. Furthermore, a method has been developed to predict this behaviour which can be used to identify amplifiers that are best suited to harmonic injection or build amplifiers that may particularly be used with harmonic injection. For experimental investigation, a second harmonic injected amplifier was used that employs a frequency-doubler. In laboratory experiments, third-order intermodulation distortion was suppressed by 18?dB at the expense of 0.7?dB linear gain whereas theoretical analysis has predicted that second harmonic injection could compromise the linear gain of the amplifier by up to 1.3?dB for 20?dB distortion suppression.     

基于GaN HEMT的高线性星载Doherty功率放大器设计北大核心CSCD

在射频通信链路中,功率放大器决定了发射通道的线性、效率等关键指标。卫星通信由于是电池供电,对功率放大器的工作效率要求比较高。文章基于GaN HEMT晶体管采用对称设计完成了一款高效率的Doherty功率放大器。测试结果表明:该Doherty功放的功率增益大于29 dB;1 dB压缩点功率(P_(1 dB))大于35 dBm;在35 dBm输出时,其功率附加效率(PAE)大于47.5%,三阶交调失真(IMD3)大于35 dBc;在功率回退3 dB时,其PAE大于37%,IMD3大于32 dBc。     

调整峰值功放电流响应提高效率的LTE-A Doherty 功放*

介绍了一种利用宽带输入匹配网络调整峰值功放输出电流,改善Doherty 功放负载调制效果和带内 效率的设计方法。理论分析表明,Doherty功放中峰值功放C 类偏置情况下带来的带内不一致开启特性会影响输出 电流和负载调制效果。通过引入宽带输入匹配网络,能有效改善它的开启不一致性。为验证分析结果设计了具有 宽带(采用简易实频技术)和窄带两种不同输入匹配网络,用于2.15GHz 频段LTE-A 的Doherty功放。仿真和测试 结果表明,功放的输出功率超过49dBm,在7dB 回退功率处,宽带输入匹配Doherty 功放的带内效率达到42% 以上, 效率波动由10%降低到2%。使用100MHz 宽带LTE-A 信号经过线性化改善后,在40dBm 输出时,宽带输入匹配网 络的Doherty功放上下边带ACLR(adjacent channel leakage ratio)指标为-45.1/-44.9dBc,效率为40.5%,均优于窄带输入匹配网络的Doherty功放。     

Restoration of signals degraded by impulse noise by means of a low-distortion non-linear filter

A simple low-distortion non-linear filter for the restoration of signals degraded by random impulsive noise is proposed. It performs considerably better than a median filter, lowering the reproducing error both in mean-square and maximum-error sense, although being comparable in computing time and in terms of storage.     

信号功率及泵浦方式对拉曼放大器增益的影响

分布拉曼放大器(DRA)的增益轮廓平坦度是衡量放大器性能的一个重要指标．文章通过实验验证了泵浦方式及入射信号功率对增益轮廓的重要影响作用．实验采用20信道符合ITU-T建议的波分复用(WDM)信号，波长从l537．377(信道1)～l560．605nm(信道20)，每一信道用2．5Gbit／s、码长2^7-1的非归零码通过电吸收调制器(EA)进行外调制．实验结果对分布拉曼放大器的增益轮廓平坦优化具有实际参考价值．     

Direction of arrival estimation of non-Gaussian signals for nested arrays: Applying fourth-order difference co-array and the successive method

Herein, we estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of non-Gaussian signals for nested arrays (NAs) by implementing the fourth-order difference co-array (FODC) and successive methods. In particular, considering the property of the fourth-order cumulant (FOC), we first construct the FODC of the NA, which can obtain O(N⁴) virtual elements using N physical sensors, whereas conventional FOC methods can only obtain O(N²) virtual elements. In addition, the closed-form expression of FODC is presented to verify the enhanced degrees of freedom (DOFs). Subsequently, we exploit the vectorized FOC (VFOC) matrix to match the FODC of the NA. Notably, the VFOC matrix is a single snapshot vector, and the initial DOA estimates can be obtained via the discrete Fourier transform method under the underdetermined correlation matrix condition, which utilizes the complete DOFs of the FODC. Finally, fine estimates are obtained through the spatial smoothing-Capon method with partial spectrum searching. Numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.     

基本放大电路工作波形的Multisim仿真

本文基于探索基本放大电路工作特性的目的,运用Multisim10软件对基本放大电路进行了虚拟仿真实验,给出了Multisim仿真实验方案,利用虚拟双踪示波器具有测试电路中任意两点电压波形的功能,仿真了电路输入电压、发射结电压、基极电流、集电极电流、集电极发射极电压及输出电压等有关电量的波形,虚拟仿真实验结果与理论分析结果相一致.结论是仿真实验可直观形象地描述电路的工作特性,有利于系统地研究电路的构成及电路的工作过程.     

多波长泵浦宽带接曼放大器功率增益的Gauss近似研究

受激拉曼散射 (SRS)的Stokes波谱线型比较复杂 ,本文采用Gauss线型近似 ,研究了多波长泵浦宽带Raman放大器的增益特性 ,并提出了宽带增益平坦的多波长泵浦方案 ,研究结果表明增益平坦程度与泵浦波的频率间隔密切相关。对ITU -T的G .65 2、G .65 3、G .65 5光纤和新型的大有效面积非零色散平坦光纤的Raman放大增益特性分别进行了研究 ,结果表明Raman增益与光纤的种类和光纤传输特性有关 ,特别是随光纤有效纤芯面积的增大而明显减小。     

正向抽运喇曼光纤放大器开关增益数值计算研究

采用数值计算的方法,对影响正向抽运喇曼光纤放大器(RFA)开关增益的几个因素——喇曼增益系数、抽运光功率、光纤长度、光纤损耗、有效纤芯面积等参数与正向抽运喇曼光纤放大器开关增益的关系进行了分析研究,并把数值分析的结果和小信号的解析结果进行了比较,然后在此基础上提出了有效提高正向抽运喇曼光纤放大器开关增益的几种方法。     

栅极导电层Au迁移导致放大器失效原因分析

针对限幅低噪声放大器使用过程中出现输出不稳定现象,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对场效应管栅极表面的金属缺失层和栅源之间的金属堆积物进行微观分析,寻找放大器工作不正常的原因。结果表明:场效应管栅极Au层的电迁移,使导线局部电阻增大,温度升高,导致Au的热迁移加重,引起导线出现孔洞和栅源中间堆积金属颗粒,使栅极导线出现开路和栅源极间产生不稳定接触,最终导致场效应管的工作参数漂移和放大器工作不正常。     

Investigation of the micro-step control positioning system performance affected by random input signals

This paper gives the results of simulation and experimental investigation on the effects of random signals on the accuracy of micro-stepping control positioning. For studying and simulation of the effect of random noise signals on performance of the accurate position control systems, such as Hybrid Stepper Motors (HSMs), a micro-step driver and controlling unit using PID controller has been designed and constructed. Several parametric studies have been carried out including different white noise power and micro-step per revolution. Tracking problem for a HSM model has been simulated, and the experimental study for similar cases has been carried out by implementing the designed controller in real-time operation by using Real Time Windows Target Toolbox of Matlab software and Simulink. Simulation and experimental results show that random noise source changes current profile and affects the accuracy of positioning. Performance of the proposed PID controller under the implementation of random noise on phases one and two of stepper motor has been proved to be accurate enough even under disturbance load currents, on the system. Experimental and simulation results show the good performance of designed controller in tracking problem, affected by various random noise powers and motor speeds in different micro-step positions. Moreover there is an excellent agreement between experimental and simulation results.     

多程放大系统前端脉冲经光纤传输引起的失真研究

在高功率固体激光系统中,要求进人多程放大系统前端脉冲必须具有特定的时域波形以及线偏振的特性.本文以耦合非线性薛定谔方程为理论模型,采用分步傅立叶方法进行数值计算,仿真研究了满足特定要求的多程放大系统前端脉冲经光纤传输后引起失真的原因.结果表明:整形好的线偏振脉冲由于光纤中随机双折射的影响不能保持线偏振特性;高功率系统较强的非线性效应是导致两个偏振方向的脉冲波形发生畸变的重要因素.