纤维丝束大小对Mini-C/SiC拉伸性能与强度分布的影响

为了探究碳纤维丝束大小对纤维束复合材料碳/碳化硅(Mini-C/SiC)拉伸性能和强度分布的影响,采用化学气相浸渗(CVI)法制备了1k Mini-C/SiC和3k Mini-C/SiC复合材料.测试了C纤维束以及Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能,并采用两参数Weibull分布模型分析了强度分布,同时还观察了拉伸断口形貌.结果表明:3k C纤维束表现出了明显的"聚拢效应",其拉伸性能和强度稳定性均优于1k C纤维束,而且其拉伸强度、Weibull模数、特征强度、延伸率和断裂功分别比1k C纤维束的高47％、13％、46％、54％和102％.同时,1k C纤维束发生韧性断裂,3k C纤维束发生脆性断裂.3k Mini-C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能和强度稳定性均优于1k Mini-C/SiC复合材料,其拉伸强度、Weibull模数、特征强度、延伸率和断裂功分别比1k Mini-C/SiC复合材料提高了67％、69％、63％、92％和216％,而且两者的拉伸断裂方式均为典型的脆性断裂.纤维体积分数高是大纤维丝束复合材料3k Mini-C/SiC拉伸性能和强度稳定性优于小纤维丝束复合材料1k Mini-C/SiC的主要原因.     

一种新型硼纤维/环氧复合材料的研制

研制了一种新型硼纤维/环氧预浸料。研究表明:新型硼纤维的抗拉伸强度达到3704MPa、抗拉伸模量达到394GPa、抗压缩强度为6900MPa。该硼纤维/环氧复合材料性能与国外的5505及5521硼纤维/环氧复合材料相当。     

三维针刺C/SiC复合材料的结构特征和力学性能

采用化学气相渗透法制备了在厚度方向上具有纤维增强的三维针刺碳纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料,复合材料的密度和气孔率分别为2.15 h/cm3和16%.三维针刺C/SiC复合材料中的针刺纤维将各层紧密结合在一起,其层间抗剪切强度显著提高,为95MPa,比二维碳布叠层C/SiC复合材料的剪切强度(35MPa)高171.4%.三维针刺C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为159MPa和350MPa,断裂模式为非脆性断裂,包括:裂纹扩展、偏转,碳纤维的拉伸断裂和逐步拔出.     

化学气相渗透法制备2维和2.5维C/SiC复合材料及其拉伸性能

采用化学气相渗透法制备了2维和2.5维碳纤维增强碳化硅(carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide,C/SiC)复合材料,沿经纱(纵向)和纬纱(横向) 2个方向对2种复合材料进行了室温拉伸性能测试,并从预制体结构和原始缺陷分布的角度对比分析了两者力学性能之间的差异.结果表明:两种C/SiC复合材料均表现出明显的非线性力学行为,在经纱方向和纬纱方向上,2维C/SiC复合材料力学性能表现为各向同性,而2.5维C/SiC复合材料力学性能则表现出明显的各向异性:经纱方向上2.5维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量(326 MPa,153 GPa)均高于2维C/SiC复合材料的(245 MPa,96 GPa),纬纱方向上的(145 MPa,62 GPa)均低于2维C/SiC复合材料的(239 MPa,90 GPa).两种复合材料的拉伸断裂行为均表现为典型的韧性断裂,并伴有大量的纤维拔出.两种复合材料中纱线断裂均呈现出多级台阶式断裂方式,但其断裂位置并不相同.2.5维C/SiC复合材料中由于经纱路径近似于正弦波,弯曲程度较大,在纱线交叉点处造成明显的应力集中,因此经纱多在纱线交叉点处断裂;而纬纱由于其路径近乎直线,应力集中现象不明显,因此纬纱断裂位置呈随机分布.2维C/SiC复合材料中经纱和纬纱由于其路径类似于2.5维C/SiC复合材料中的经纱,因此其断裂位置也多在纱线交叉点处.微观结构观察表明不同的编织结构是造成两种复合材料在不同方向上力学性能差异的主要原因.     

三维针刺碳纤维增强SiC复合材料在加载-卸载下的拉伸行为

对T300碳纤维增强三维针刺碳纤维增强SiC(C/SiC)复合材料(纤维体积含量为30%)的单调和加载-卸载拉伸载荷下的拉伸行为进行了研究.结果表明:T300碳纤维增强三维针刺C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂应变分别为129.6MPa和0.61%.单调和加载-卸载拉伸应力-应变曲线均为非线性变化,主要是复合材料中裂纹的扩展,界面相脱黏和滑移,以及纤维的逐步断裂和拔出所致,使得复合材料在拉伸载荷下呈非脆性破坏.卸载应力水平对卸载后的残余应变和再加载模量有较大影响.卸载应力小于80 MPa时,随着卸载应力的增加,残余应变线性增加,模量线性降低:卸载应力高于80MPa时,二者随着卸载应力的增加而呈二次函数快速变化.     

碳纤维/石英纤维混杂树脂基复合材料力学性能研究

研究了石英纤维与T700级碳纤维层间混杂树脂基复合材料的拉伸、压缩和面内剪切性能。研究结果表明,对于单向铺层的材料,相较纯石英纤维树脂基复合材料,混杂工艺能够使石英纤维树脂基复合材料的拉伸模量,从41.5 GPa增大到86.7 GPa,性能提升约109%,拉伸破坏强度保持相对稳定;压缩模量从40.1 GPa增大到77.1 GPa,压缩破坏强度保持相对稳定;对于材料的面内剪切性能没有明显影响。对于试验设计的多向铺层的材料,拉伸模量也提升了约55%,压缩模量提升了约50%,层合板的剪切模量提升60%。研究表明纤维混杂工艺能够明显改善石英纤维复合材料的刚度性能。     

2维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸损伤演变过程和微观结构特征

通过单向拉伸和分段式加载-卸载实验,研究了二维编织C/SiC复合材料的宏观力学特性和损伤的变化过程.用扫描电镜对样品进行微观结构分析,并监测了载荷作用下复合材料的声发射行为.结果表明:在拉伸应力低于50MPa时,复合材料的应力-应变为线弹性;随着应力的增加,材料模量减小,非弹性应变变大,复合材料的应力-应变行为表现为非线性直至断裂.复合材料的平均断裂强度和断裂应变分别为23426MPa和0.6%.拉伸破坏损伤表现为:基体开裂,横向纤维束开裂,界面层脱粘,纤维断裂,层间剥离和纤维束断裂.损伤累积后最终导致复合材料交叉编织节点处纤维束逐层断裂和拔出,形成斜口断裂和平口断裂.     

热处理工艺对Mini C/SiC复合材料拉伸性能和强度分布的影响

采用5种工艺制备了C纤维束增韧SiC陶瓷基复合材料(Mini C/SiC),研究了热处理工艺对不同制备工艺条件下Mini C/SiC复合材料拉伸性能和强度分布的影响。实验结果表明:在不进行热处理的Mini C/SiC复合材料中引入热解炭(PyC)界面相可提高拉伸性能和强度稳定性。与不进行热处理的MiniC/SiC复合材料相比,对引入PyC界面相复合材料的C纤维束和/或PyC界面相进行热处理均可提高拉伸性能。热处理温度小于等于1700℃时,先对C纤维进行热处理然后再沉积PyC界面相的MiniC/SiC复合材料,其拉伸性能最好。热处理温度为2 000℃时,先对C纤维沉积PyC界面相然后再进行热处理的Mini C/SiC复合材料,其拉伸性能最好。热处理温度对Mini C/SiC复合材料变形行为有着显著的影响,热处理温度不同时,复合材料表现出了不同的变形行为。     

碳纤维复合材料缠绕制品抗外压性能研究

研究了树脂基体模量、缠绕角和厚度对碳纤维复合材料缠绕制品抗外压性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用MNA共混PMDA固化环氧树脂并调整PMDA含量可以有效改变树脂模量,随着PMDA含量的增加,树脂模量提高。当PMDA含量仅为MNA的5%时,树脂模量从3.71 GPa增加到4.18 GPa,提高了13%;当PMDA含量为MNA的10%时,模量达到最大值,为4.61 GPa,提高了24%。随着基体模量增加,单向CFRP的压缩强度、剪切强度和环刚度均先增加后减少。当基体模量为4.18GPa时,CFRP的压缩强度和剪切强度均达到最大值,分别为655 MPa和71.6 MPa,提高了16%和12%。此时,缠绕管环刚度达到最大值,为277 k N/m~2,提高了87%;同时增加缠绕角和厚度能够提高缠绕管的抗失稳能力。     

国产高强高模PAN基碳纤维预浸料的制备及性能研究

以国产CNI QM55高强高模聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维、氰酸酯树脂为原料,利用热熔法制备高强高模PAN基碳纤维预浸料,通过纤维面密度、树脂含量、挥发分含量等来评价预浸料的物理性能,结合单向板的微观形貌与层间剪切强度分析单向板的界面结合性能,并对预浸料铺制单向板的力学性能进行表征。结果表明：CNI QM55碳纤维预浸料的纤维面密度为145 g/m²,树脂质量分数为35.5%,挥发分质量分数为0.164%,预浸料的物理性能满足复合材料的性能要求;以CNI QM55碳纤维预浸料制备的单向板0°拉伸强度为2 429 MPa, 0°拉伸模量为328.4 GPa,弯曲强度为1 171 MPa,弯曲模量为280 GPa,压缩强度为783 MPa,压缩模量为257 GPa,层间剪切强度为65.2 MPa,具有较好的界面黏接性能和力学性能,可满足加工应用要求。     

制备工艺对亚麻增强聚丙烯复合材料拉伸性能的影响

以亚麻纤维为增强体,与聚丙烯（PP）长丝进行丝束级共混,形成PP包覆亚麻的纱线结构,利用机织工艺织成二维机织布,作为复合材料的预制件。采用层合热压方法制备PP／亚麻复合材料板材。通过对板材拉伸性能测试及扫描电镜（SEM）拉伸断口形貌分析,研究了不同纤维体积分数、织造密度及织造组织等因素对复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在选取最优热压温度与压力的条件下,纤维体积分数为50％的板材性能最优;经向密度相同时,拉伸性能随着纬向密度的增加而提高;经、纬向密度均相同时,斜纹3／1组织的板材性能最优,纬向最大拉伸强度可达92．42 MPa。     

化学气相渗透2.5维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸性能

采用等温减压化学气相浸渗(isothermal low-pressure chemical vapor infiltration,ILCVI)工艺制备了在厚度方向上具有纤维增强的2.5维(2.5 dimensional,2.5D)碳纤维增强碳化硅多层陶瓷基复合材料,从而使一端封口的防热结构部件的制备成为可能.ILCVI致密化后,复合材料的密度、孔隙率分别为1.95～2.1 g/cm3和16.5%～18%.沿经纱和纬纱两个方向对2.5D C/SiC复合材料进行室温拉伸实验.结果表明:复合材料在纵向和横向的拉伸应力-应变均表现为明显的非线性行为.复合材料具有较高的面内拉伸性能,纵横向的拉伸强度分别为326MPa和145MPa,断裂应变分别为0.697%和0.705%.复合材料的拉伸断裂为典型的韧性断裂,经纱和纬纱的断裂都表现为纤维的多级台阶式断裂以及纤维的大量拔出.     

不饱和聚酯树脂／大麻纤维复合材料的热氧老化

采用模压工艺制备不饱和聚酯(UP)树脂/大麻纤维复合材料,研究了105℃下热氧老化600h前后复合材料力学性能的变化;采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对老化前后复合材料的结构进行对比分析,并通过SEM技术观察复合材料的断面形貌.结果表明,偶联剂KH570处理对复合材料力学性能的总体改善效果最佳.老化600h后,偶联剂处理复合材料具有的最佳力学性能如拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量及冲击强度分别为19.06MPa、5.78GPa、52.988MPa、1.01GPa和3.881kJ/m2.红外分析显示,偶联剂处理得到的复合材料在老化前后的红外图形变化不明显,有些吸收峰甚至得到了加强.SEM结果表明,老化600h后,偶联剂处理的复合材料中纤维仍能较均匀地分散在树脂基体中,两者间的界面粘结良好.     

Properties of Hybrid-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites for Precision Instruments

Hybrid-reinforcement SiC/Gr/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze-casting technology, to provide a novel solution to machinable materials for precision instruments. The effect of flake graphite particles on mechanical properties, machinability, dimensional stability and coefficient of thermal expansion was studied. With the addition of 5% graphite particles in the SiC/Al composites, the tool life during cutting is prolonged by 40% and the tensile strength, elastic modulus and specific modulus are 405 MPa, 150 GPa and 51 GPa cm³/g respectively. The micro-yield stress of SiC/5%Gr/Al composite is higher than 300 MPa and the linear CTE is 11.6 × 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹. The properties of SiC/Gr/Al composite were in contrast to conventional materials of precision instruments and the advantages in application are discussed.     

Effect of interphase on mechanical properties and microstructures of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites at elevated temperatures

Interphase between the fibers and matrix plays a key role on the properties of fiber reinforced composites. In this work, the effect of interphase on mechanical properties and microstructures of 3D C_f/SiBCN composites at elevated temperatures was investigated. When PyC interphase is used, flexural strength and elastic modulus of the C_f/SiBCN composites decrease seriously at 1600°C (92 ± 15 MPa, 12 ± 2 GPa), compared with the properties at room temperature (371 ± 31 MPa, 31 ± 2 GPa). While, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of C_f/SiBCN composites with PyC/SiC multilayered interphase at 1600°C are as high as 330 ± 7 MPa and 30 ± 2 GPa, respectively, which are 97% and 73% of the values at room temperature (341 ± 20 MPa, 41 ± 2 GPa). To clarify the effect mechanism of the interphase on mechanical properties of the C_f/SiBCN composites at elevated temperature, interfacial bonding strength (IFBS) and microstructures of the composites were investigated in detail. It reveals that the PyC/SiC multilayered interphase can retard the SiBCN matrix degradation at elevated temperature, leading to the high strength retention of the composites at 1600°C.     

Recycled content in polymer matrix composites through the use of A-glass fibers

The utility of recycled A-glass (primarily composed of soda-lime-silicate) fibers as reinforcement for structural composites has been studied. A series of plaques of unsaturated polyster composite were resin transfer molded with an A-glass continuous strand mat (CSM) and a control with E-glass CSM. The influence of fiber volume fraction on the physical and thermo-mechanical properties of the resultant composites were investigated, both before and after environmental exposure. At the maximum fiber fraction considered (nominally 29 vol%), the use of A-glass reinforcement lowered the warp direction tensile modulus from 8.6 to 7.6 GPa and strength from 139 to 100 MPa, relative to the control. Similar results were observed for both the flexural and the tensile properties, irrespective of fiber fraction and test direction (warp vs. weft), for the A-glass reinforcement. Environmental exposure was found to affect equally the properties of A-glass and E-glass fiber reinforced composites. Based upon microscopic analyses and constituent properties, the lower mechanical properties of the A-glass fibers composites have been linked to the lower properties of A-glass fibers relative to E-glass fibers. The experimental results were also used to test a micro-mechanics models for random fiber reinforced composites. Reasonable correlation was found between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions. To offset their lower mechanical properties, A-glass fibers could be used as a reinforcement in composite applications by simply increasing the fiber fraction relative to their E-glass counterpart.     

Thermal,Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Jute/Gelatin Composites

Jute fabrics/gelatin biocomposites were fabricated using compression molding. The fiber content in the composite varied from 20–60 wt%. Composites were subjected to mechanical, thermal, water uptake and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Composite contained 50 wt% jute showed the best mechanical properties. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength of the 50% jute content composites were found to be 85 MPa, 1.25 GPa, 140 MPa and 9 GPa and 9.5 kJ/m², respectively. Water uptake properties at room temperature were evaluated and found that the composites had lower water uptake compared to virgin matrix.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Jute Fabrics: Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride/Polypropylene Hybrid Composites

Jute fabrics such as reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and a mixture of PVC and PP matrices-based composites (50 wt% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), tensile modulus (TM), and vbending modulus (BM) of jute fabrics' reinforced PVC composite (50 wt% fiber) were found to be 45 MPa, 52 MPa, 0.8 GPa, and 1.1 GPa, respectively. The effect of incorporation of PP on the mechanical properties of jute fabrics' reinforced PVC composites was studied. It was found that the mixture of 60% PP and 40% PVC matrices based composite showed the best performance. TS, BS, TM, and BM for this composite were found to be 65 MPa, 70 MPa, 1.42 GPa, and 1.8 GPa, respectively. Degradation tests of the composites for up to six months were performed in a soil medium. Thermo-mechanical properties of the composites were also studied.     

Effect of alkaline treatment on physical,mechanical, and thermal characteristics of jute filler reinforced epoxy composites

With burgeoning environmental concerns worldwide, using natural fibers/fillers to produce composites rather than conventional fibers is on the rise. The current work focuses on the physical and thermomechanical characteristics of alkaline-treated jute filler-based epoxy composites. The composites have been prepared with different weight fraction of jute fillers (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%) using hand layup process. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis observed that the alkali treatment of jute fillers improved the crystallinity and molecular structure, enhancing the interfacial and molecular bond between fillers and matrix. The mechanical characterizations of developed composites analyzed that the inclusion of treated jute fillers strengthened the tensile and flexural properties. The 5% filler-based composites have demonstrated maximum tensile strength (54.06 MPa) and modulus (3.12 GPa) with maximum flexural strength (67.55 MPa) and modulus (3.90 GPa). The viscoelastic characteristics of composites revealed that the 7.5% filler-based composite has the highest storage modulus (3.75 GPa), loss modulus (0.496 GPa), and glass transition temperature (91°C) due to greater interfacial interactions of molecules. The weight loss and degradation of composites analyzed with thermogravimetric analysis, and observed better thermal stability with treated jute fillers. The morphological analysis at fracture surfaces analyzed the brittle catastrophic failure of composites. Therefore, the finding produced better specific strength and stiffness with greater thermal stability for electronics equipment, packaging, and transportation.