弧面凸轮自适应数控编程算法与进给速度控制

提出了一种基于进给速度恒定和控制弓高误差的弧面凸轮自适应数控编程算法.具体依据数据采样插补的时间分割基本思想,在控制加工精度的条件下,将刀心轨迹离散为若干直线段的同时,确保相邻线段间的进给速度基本恒定.另外,分析了其刀心进给速度与编程进给速度的关系,推导出编程进给速度的计算公式.实例表明,这种方法既可弥补目前数控系统缺乏弧面凸轮直接插补指令的不足,又能进一步提高弧面凸轮的加工精度.     

基于de Boor算法的NURBS曲线自适应插补研究

在现代数控加工中已普遍使用NURBS曲线插补,但大多数NURBS曲线插补都致力于取得恒定的进给速度而不是轮廓精度,对此,提出了基于de Boor算法的NURBS自适应插补算法.将de Boor算法应用于NURBS曲线插补中,并用限定弓高误差对插补的进给速度实行自适应调节,实现了数控加工中进给速度的平滑过渡,减少速度急剧变化时对机床的冲击,保证了NURBS曲线实时插补和轮廓加工的精度.通过仿真证明了这种插补算法的实时性和实际应用的可行性.     

基于FIR滤波的NURBS插补算法研究

在考虑数控加工精度和加工效率的基础上,针对传统加减速控制中减速点预测不准的缺陷,提出了一种基于级联滤波器的NURBS插补算法。该插补算法根据速度敏感点将要加工的曲线进行分段处理,避免了插补过程中的爬行与过冲,提高了加工质量。基于弓高误差的速度自适应调整使得加工精度一直在允许的范围之内,基于滤波器的进给速度控制方案使速度过渡平稳,提高了插补的效率。最后对提出的NURBS插补算法进行了实验仿真,结果证明该算法的可行性。     

基于干涉预处理的NURBS曲线前瞻插补算法

鉴于直接自适应插补容易在加工过程中引起较大的速度波动,而按曲率极值点对NURBS曲线进行分段插补造成加减速过程中加速度和加加速度超限,提出一种基于干涉预处理的非均匀有理B样条曲线前瞻控制插补算法。首先对曲线进行自适应处理,得到各自适应插补点的运动参数;然后找出其中加速度或加加速度超限的点(即危险点),并对这些点的速度进行前瞻控制,根据前瞻控制信息对相邻危险点进行干涉处理,最终得到用来对曲线分段的危险点信息和相应的控制策略;最后根据各危险点之间的干涉类型对曲线进行实时插补。仿真实验表明,该算法能够在保证加工精度的前提下,实现进给速度的平滑过渡,并且能够保证加速度和加加速度不超限。     

基于传动系统动力学的NURBS曲线插补算法

对机床传动系统、伺服驱动系统和数控插补模块进行动力学建模和求解。提出一种新的NURBS插补算法,按照进给率自适应轨迹规划算法进行当前插补周期的速度设定,并且根据曲线当前位置的曲率特性,进行基于曲率的最大速度限定,通过求解动力学模型,获得按照这一速度进行插补时系统需要的最大驱动力,若该驱动力超过系统能够提供的最大驱动力,则再次按照用户设定的加速度进行减速,获得的速度作为指令速度,按照一阶泰勒展开近似进行插补点的计算。该算法不仅在NURBS曲率较大的区域自动降低进给速度,保证要求的弦误差,而且使输出的插补速度指令区域平滑,保证不会出现插补输出的位置值系统无法进行位置控制造成更大的加工误差。     

基于Hamming法的新型NURBS曲线插补算法研究

针对零件曲线曲面加工过程中,传统插补方法逼近误差大和速度进给波动大等众多缺点,对NURBS曲线的插补原理、速度规划、插补参数计算等方面进行了研究,对弓高误差、法向加速度、进给加速度过大的情况进行了考虑,提出了一种基于Hamming法的新型NURBS曲线插补算法,对基于Hamming法线性递推得到的参数预估公式进行了具体说明,对基于Lagrange的参数校正机理进行了详细阐述,最后使用Matlab软件对此插补算法进行了实例仿真。研究结果表明,该算法简化了参数插补的计算,保证了插补的实时性;同时提高了插补精度,在限制加速度及速度波动方面具有很好的效果。     

基于速度补偿的曲线运动轨迹控制

提出了一种基于NURBS曲线的自适应实时插补器,将任意曲线模型直接在数控系统中进行加工,避免了先将NURBS曲线分割成小段直线或圆弧而造成的精度误差和数据拥堵.提出一种自适应实时插补算法,控制进给速度与规划速度的偏移量始终在一个误差范围之内,以保证进给速度的平滑.将此算法的仿真结果与传统算法相比较,验证其高精度性;在DSP为控制器的X Y平台上验证其可实行性.     

任意凸轮曲线的高精度等速CNC磨削

基于凸轮磨削过程中恒磨削力要求恒线速度的加工机理,通过三次参数样条方程得到凸轮的理论曲线,采用微直线段取代微弧进给,得到砂轮轴心轨迹曲线的插补方法。分析了凸轮磨削精度、进给速度与插补参数之间的关系,实现凸轮曲线的高精度等速实时插补。该方法还可以推广到一般加工平面封闭曲线的CNC机床。     

用于加工高速弧面凸轮的直接插补技术研究

在分析了弧面凸轮轮廓面上的加工刀痕对分度机构性能影响的基础上,提出了一种直接插补分度盘运动规律曲线的算法,介绍了相应的开放式数控系统。实验证明:用直接插补法加工的弧面凸轮,能有效降低分度机构的冲击和振动,提高其性能和寿命。     

基于冗余误差控制的非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法研究

提出了一种能有效控制冗余误差的非均匀有理B样条曲线插补算法.该算法综合了等弓高误差插补算法和恒定进给速度插补算法的优点,小曲率情形时在保证加工精度的前提下,通过引入进给倍率因子,增大进给速度以改善误差过度冗余;同时在大曲率情形下,可控制弓高误差在限定的误差范围以保证轮廓精度.这样既可保证轮廓精度,又可提高加工效率.仿真实例证实了该插补算法的有效性和可行性.     

连续分度空间弧面凸轮的多轴数控加工工艺研究

利用空间啮合原理推导了连续分度弧面凸轮的廓面方程,分别基于范成法和仿自由曲面法加工原理建立了连续分度弧面凸轮的通用四轴和五轴数控加工工艺。该工艺已成功应用于连续分度弧面凸轮的多轴数控铣削加工,为连续分度空间弧面凸轮CAD/CAM/CNC系统研究奠定了基础。     

Curve interpolation with variable feedrate for surface requirement

Finish machining of a curved surface is often carried out by an NC system with curve interpolation in the field. This function, called a NURBS interpolation, adopts a feedrate optimizing strategy based on both the geometrical information of the curved path and dynamic properties such as the curvature of the curve, the allowable acceleration and the time constant. However, in the case of a finish cut using a ball-end mill, the curve interpolator needs to take the machining process into account for improved surface roughness, while reducing the polishing time. This surface roughness on high-speed machining is theoretically defined by the feed per tooth and the pickfeed at the given radius of the tool. In this study, the effect of low machinability at the bottom of a tool on surface roughness is also considered. A curve interpolation algorithm is proposed for generating particular feedrate commands that are able to control the roughness of a curved surface. The simulation of the machined surface by the proposed algorithm was carried out, and experimental results are presented. A feedrate scheme that depends on the inclination angle has important potential application in part finishes consistent with prescribed surface roughness. The results show that the proposed algorithm is potentially useful for roughness-controlled machining of curved surface products.     

CNC系统中三次B-样条曲线的高速插补方法研究

基于参数方程的矢量表示方法,导出CNC系统中三次B－样条曲线的一种高速插补算法。该算法不仅理论上可使所有插补点落在曲线上,而且由于实时插补过程中只有加法运算,因而插补速度极高,基本上适用于任何硬件环境。误差分析表明,只要合理选择参数增量,总能保证插补的弓高误差满足加工精度要求,总能控制机床的实际运动速度满足程编要求。     

High accurate interpolation of NURBS tool path for CNC machine tools

Feedrate fluctuation caused by approximation errors of interpolation methods has great effects on machining quality in NURBS interpolation, but few methods can efficiently eliminate or reduce it to a satisfying level without sacrificing the computing efficiency at present. In order to solve this problem, a high accurate interpolation method for NURBS tool path is proposed. The proposed method can efficiently reduce the feedrate fluctuation by forming a quartic equation with respect to the curve parameter increment, which can be efficiently solved by analytic methods in real-time. Theoretically, the proposed method can totally eliminate the feedrate fluctuation for any 2nd degree NURBS curves and can interpolate 3rd degree NURBS curves with minimal feedrate fluctuation. Moreover, a smooth feedrate planning algorithm is also proposed to generate smooth tool motion with considering multiple constraints and scheduling errors by an efficient planning strategy. Experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. This research presents a novel NURBS interpolation method with not only high accuracy but also satisfying computing efficiency.     

面向高速加工的样条曲线实时插补算法

数控加工追求更高的加工效率和光洁的加工表面,但大多数样条曲线插补算法是根据进给速度、最大合加/减速度和合加加速度来设计的,并没有考虑如何充分利用单轴的最大加减速能力。提出一种时间近似最优的样条曲线实时插补算法,它面向数控系统对高速加工的需求,在考虑机床动态性能的基础上,充分利用单轴的最大加减速能力,以达到理论上近似最优的加工效率。同时该算法通过预处理求速度限制曲线、速度曲线反向链接和平滑处理三个步骤求出满足加工精度以及机床单轴的最大加速度、加加速度等约束条件的加工速度曲线,能有效提高加工表面的粗糙度。仿真结果表明,该算法在有效提高加工效率的同时,能实现对减速点的精确定位,得到光滑的加工速度曲线。     

5轴联动数控系统速度控制方法

高速加工过程中,在刀具路径上容易产生过冲,影响加工精度,因此必须提前对加工速度进行优化处理.基于数据采样法,利用当量位移和坐标轴方向系数实现了5轴联动线性插补;利用直线加减速原理进行插补前加减速控制;对速度前瞻控制方法进行了深入探讨,实现了相邻程序段转接处速度优化、连续微小程序段速度计算、减速点提前预测及前瞻程序段数动态选择等.仿真结果表明,速度平滑连续,有效地解决了5轴联动线性插补中的速度控制问题,提高了加工精度和加工效率.     

隐曲线的线性和旋转插补

基于数控五轴刀具运动分析,提出了旋转插补的概念,给出了旋转插补的相关定义,在此基础上提出了隐曲线的线性和旋转插补原理和方法,并进一步提出了改进的插补方法。     

An improved feedrate scheduling method for NURBS interpolation in five-axis machining

Five-axis machining plays an important role in manufacturing by dint of its high efficiency and accuracy. While two rotation axes benefit the flexibility of machining, it also brings limitations and challenges. In order to further balance machining precision and efficiency, an improved feedrate scheduling method is presented considering geometric error and kinematic constraints for the Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) interpolation in five-axis machining. A simplification method is proposed to calculate the geometric error which describes the deviation between the ideal tool path and the real tool path induced by the non-linear movement. A linear relation between geometric error and feedrate is built to limit the feedrate. The constraints determined by single axis kinematic performance and tangential kinematic performance are also considered. Under these constraints, a constrained feedrate profile is determined. Aiming to get more constant feedrate in the difficult-to-machine areas, this work proposes a scheduling method which combines morphological filtering and S-shape acceleration/deceleration (acc/dec) mode. Simulations and experiments are performed to compare the proposed feedrate scheduling method with two previous feedrate scheduling method and the results prove that the proposed feedrate scheduling method is reliable and effective.